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SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS
VOL. 126
“RVERY MAN IS A VALUABLE MEMBER OF SOCIETY WHO, BY HIS OBSERVATIONS, RESEARCHES,
AND EXPERIMENTS, PROCURES KNOWLEDGE FOR MEN’’—JAMES SMITHSON
(PusicaTIon 4263)
CITY OF WASHINGTON PUBLISHED BY THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION 1956
THE LORD BALTIMORE PRESS, INC. BALTIMORE, MD., U.S.A.
ADVERTISEMENT
The Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections series contains, since the suspension in 1916 of the Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, all the publications issued directly by the Institution except the An- nual Report and occasional publications of a special nature. As the name of the series implies, its scope is not limited, and the volumes thus far issued relate to nearly every branch of science. Papers in the fields of biology, geology, anthropology, and astrophysics have predominated.
LEONARD CARMICHAEL, Secretary, Smithsonian Institution.
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CONTENTS
I. SmitH, Lyman B. The Bromeliaceae of Brazil. 290 pp., 128 figs. Sept. 7, 1955. (Publ. 4184.)
2. Cooper, Paut L. The archeological and paleontological salvage program in the Missouri Basin, 1950-1951. 99 pp., 12 pls., I fig. Apr. 28, 1955. (Publ. 4188.)
3. LorsLticH, ALFRED R., Jr., and TAPPAN, HELEN. A revision of some glanduline Nodosariidae (Foraminifera). 9 pp., 1 pl.
Feb. 3, 1955. (Publ. 4189.)
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SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOLUME 126, NUMBER 1
flary Waux THalcott Fund for Publications in Botany
THE BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL
By LYMAN B. SMITH
Department of Botany, U. S. National Museum
With 128 illustrations by Rosert J. Downs U. S. Department of Agriculture
(PusiicaTion 4184)
CITY OF WASHINGTON PUBLISHED BY THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION SEPTEMBER 7, 1955
The Lord Baltimore Preas
BALTIMORE, MD., U. 8. A.
PREFACE
This paper, by Dr. Lyman B. Smith, associate curator of the De- partment of Botany, U. S. National Museum, is based on 25 years of study in the United States, Europe, and Brazil. Much of the paper has been derived from an unpublished manuscript prepared for the “Flora Brasilica” of the Instituto de Botanica of Sao Paulo. How- ever, in order to make a more compact work appropriate for the field as well as the herbarium, bibliography has been limited to that strictly essential in Brazil and descriptions have been eliminated in favor of ampler keys.
Illustrations are provided in a proportion slightly better than one to every five species but are irregularly apportioned in order to sup- port the key to the best effect and to cover all the 39 new species proposed.
Jason R. SwWALLEeN Head Curator, Depariment of Botany U. S. National Museum
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Preliminary records
CONTENTS
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SVSHSMIAING TRCALMIENE oa. wietais stale <0.0.0 5 » ashe,c.ee.sia.0.0 Exeludediand tdoubtiul) taxa. 326.4 6< «:2.00102:s010.0 06 1etever) Mate (lige! Ay On GO ORR OORT Oe en eee
Index
Map: Distribution of Bromeliaceae in Brazil Ly OC COSA Nae ters tocrcraie ss sie wise se etaie . encholitign: bradeatium .............: , Hencholirtunm spectabile’.............0<- POO CHMORM A MOEIOR, (oon oe cecue cscs ae cae G LaMeiEA CYIAMEHSIS eee a ce ees MEE SEICIOTEY Cig. se cs vs ee ses cones e~Wentesocohnia meziana,.... 0... sn oe
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SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
Page By NSTESIA) OCIS ASTANA ~c.s anak ateveswevoantarets sess vate sens aie sie eRe IIo NOES SCEINEHINA: K 55 sania ned oen oe daw tid ba Soe See eee IIo WV niesia. iriburgensis, var. paludosas.. cs. s+ ss « veane tiene II4 PVITIESIA ‘PLrOCElay Valk. (PLOCELA. Lia cre vie etels et ateie one ee ee erro 114 yA aes Sisal (sss ae eee ool ab oe oe hers aele ee ee 117 . Vriesia philippocoburgii var. philippocoburgii ...............6. EL7 erN-Eresias hochneana’ 2%." ih oe eteae «tices eles sopele ate seein ere vicina eee II9 VaNirresia *ariazOniGa’ sft) suet cee els sole lle ele Bete ere eee teteret eeene teres 119 OVetesia liergalvghtiga’ (424'0.1.05 25 vases walle oe eee eee 121 Y Weresia ‘ségadas-yianintae’ 4°7.°. s/s’ we os ae abet ets oe eee vos tae ee Viniesia* etythivadacty lon 7c eset ere ee eee eee 125 POW tienia’ CARIIAEA *.',°.'.'5'. TON tle are hole ee ee ee 125 oVrtesia’ psittacina var. psittacing*.")’./.. 04 Saber e ete eee eros eV riesia ensilorniis var, GNSIPOrts "... Os eee Ce eee reece 128 PPV TeSkey FORA 4%; <b les eee eee ea hay eta babe tenets eae 131 . Vriesia platynema var. platynema ............ a atcteree tects BA ie i! PV NeSia.'SEALAIIO: “< sis.c:cka ae eS Dee a eRe ee ss iSiederore aie . 9385 », WFiesia Corcovadensis’.. 045 feteAwee de sx ncpas aa pin oad aera 135 py Canela STARUIOT «. canes scans acoiee Sal cig ee oh ae et a sh 139 PACEONGIS DETLEFOMIATIA. oc. aynran eeidid esd Vc.9 6s + Suds eee « Jao QeMisted {AUAIRE 2.1.5.0 hee ee ei eee aoe aie cicla ea gua ee eles LAE | GARAROCOREHS ‘SOCIMIARUS (6.0sd tithes Wes Galea aceon 22 cite ee 141 fastreptocalysx: foribundus) «te. cusses on so sence Se lee oe 143 a wkteptacaiyx POEPPIAIS ... «svc cies eh x's eames css atuauteate vocg Bae DMNGOPEREIIA. IGEVIS: os. avs vaseews med Coane alc see eee ink eke eine 150 peNeorerelia hoehneana sc (ches sete kis ork te nna aac eee ios in eee 150 pp Neoregelia leprosa: .:..5\:.osmemmeie waar ad asinine ad patina oe I5I RRVCORERE lia: HISHIBHSES, | cali ceccpeoisont hort an aan ko eet aa a I5I Ep WPORECHID CHCATIA 5 255. iacc'a Grate at tale ates & ote ponte als Gatate nin ans a) See baecbeseita lathitnanent oy. ctasen sa oe nie ahha kiss Satie meals 153 ; Neoregelia siacrosepala |... ...</sseesbrne senate te appa n ctins 154 , Neoregelia oligantha. 4). <is0rssiesqueeeo se ssphalhae toe pee Ri « 154 Pp INGOFERELA CLUEMtA 4.6 s)sr.asisa na erwmieisin Wau Melaa a cancun sigh, Sedat e 155 » Neorepelia COMCentriCa a5 cv <u dics mame erie ets ange Sa Re a 155 » Dreorerelia paticiiora . 5c. « 00ers bene te bated san ome 156 . Neoregelia melanodont <<. .- pstndesre aed acca sys Rene Bee a 156 + MOSS PEASEUUS UALTEL 5 os cccaine pan an eee as wie aah oy ails aie 159 , ‘Cryptanthus piseudoscaposas’ ..5 css asaye tase eae cand’ pen bell sin 159 oeMpeATOUs HMNALIET. |. s/<.a< ey eninge eee a Ane Gee es 2 162 PEC IMEAMMES SATE INATIS «2 ssh cesue nen me = eRe an Gada nea 162 piCrypeamtnus beuckert ... :..\.¢:.aku sie teeeeiiin wace tas ok a RII 163 CRYMEANENUS PICKElli |... 02s .acie dale whe Poet edie wdah eRe 163 e Widglariam Burchellit ....21Jeuate\- uae peienda? giatietn ts <5 166 , Nidularinm Bullbergioides ......caacatavcdan spiivtes ecaheiatlet> <x 166 » Nidularium innocentii var. inocentit’,. us axosieus odeantl > <2 169 . Dlidularism itatiaise ....,. .<«<canaesaeuereeneee ait. sebae tis. ic 169 . Nidularium apiculatum var. apiculatum ..............eeeeeeee 173 NSU, BOUL OATIE o aan: 5 open eal s ea emibcrzee. atalieck? P. se 173
. Bromelia: Taciniosa «....,......<casseuauauaeeteeeense. aeeacti tr 176
NO. I CONTENTS Vil Page
Ge ROMINA SNORTED Cra ic 4)5 0's. 010s 0,6 +0 4-25 4 Renee MERRIE er Vieleps ar 176 ES PGI ONTA OIE Diao sain bo x's 0:8 a oo 5 sya dle Ee ete eee ee ee 178 82. Acamtheerach ye SUrOUUaCea 0.5.) seed osc to Slee wae Mal dee betes 178 Pee COPRIICH MINEO WAMIIETRITD dike: os 2 s,s o's aiaa s amarene «eames Melee 180 84. Orthophytumimaracasense’ ....).2..0 2. os esieadeneeeen eae 180 65, Orthapaytiany cisiimerat 2 iee os 2. PER wale ice eee easiness 182 86: Canistuumecvathitorine wecdc ar es cand fee et ee Hoe eat 182 87. Canistrum lindenii var. roseum f. procerum ...........+.ee++0s 185 Gia WN ARTESIAN SUMERUE. occ sa ais gs one's oc aie.) othe eevee eons 185 DN IPORIA CREIPOS-DOKEOL «ooh... wa v0 «reese pemtta eee mene eee 187 Ona at ticlomia PUTER click sc u.ccs.c + Sac once arate Siar RRS 187 OL Glahemiseneis Stelaty, patsy: bat ss vi. isd ey Ane eentem arenes 189 APPARENT SMZEIIMEDE, oo. ac, a , ace: c minldiccernsn pare atahineke eames eI 189 Ge, Wonenuer pid PANEUSEA SS. cok ace Candia Sea ae oe eee 192 asta AOSD std Sie. sate: oisteln's aiaie'e vile « Ohad AE ee a Se 192 iors Ce clint cM cet?) 5) a a ar, MER! MR Ne vate UY We 204 a NEN TAMIR ard cs's oi v:di esa 6.5. iain ayers teganebh ae ea 204 BPC TRIGD "AN GOREINGN ao. oe. a otiraia, «. ve) ove 5. <'e a, Schwere eRe 207 Pees RDC GPERIOED Oa .'. css oo > cs a tad oo ee eee ue ER ee nee 207 Ge -Aechmes Tineniata vatlingilata 02... 212 TOOSAANCChimeayHIC OOH Shi. Skis ele eeiaieits ideale ones ee eee 212 ror. Aechmea distichantha var. distichantha .....5....:ssse0sere0 ea 6 Tila) FACOG. SEER) in \d cin in.» diss nis. s 9 0-5 9 pie a pee ielare isan eM mie ai alare 218 THs. Aechmes midieaulis vat. cuspidata ....... ssaequwacdesweewen ante 223 iit, ecules OFHata Var, NOGNTCATIA .. . .s. sani ss peienibe meas eae 223 MOG, Mochmded Servata 6 ies vs eves ceo Moied. See renee aes 225 neo: (Acres Eriatietlaris Go). hci . scr a cee See a eee 225 DOG. PNECHETEA SINACH Abas hat .16;ocausvs (a: si er-3 Sisuel ars ekdkohenei Re PaCS SRR eae 226 TOSS Nechimea Chliokopiiylla’ 1:20 \s\s,.+ a « aoe am oeiteneateteieerenoitare 226 TE) CCHS SAUIEPEOI, cco o.e + « «0.5 000 5.9 aapitieal REE eI Belen 228 BEG. Motion, IENEMEPIS ... aes sss cess «52 oe eup ee emerentan ees 228 Wii) Wechines! castanes 3. 0... eis. biked Hee cen iene ea nnn cee 230 RIS CR CoRCMAT BE VENSIG Lo... «22 os ov vs’ Hale gece bree WamIe iaearattons 230 WT setae ER TIMIETI gh acces «6: woes yonsm apy. e cele ia een eae a ae es 232 UAL OAS, MORIA as 6» oie, 4, 0:0.» «0:0 "sis om ae ata eter cet 232 TES SMT IA MICTR CA ira ecos 6. c\a'pe 0 01,0 + 010s 0/0/5 Onin Ele pee EaRIMR MRD a ie aes 239 Tio. Gilisereia anigetn var. amoena ... 7). fecsgeseeceutesets ces bc 239 117. Billberpia itidifolia ‘var. iridifolia i032). Ae saeeeee aesoens aes 241 18, Billbereia.distachia var. distachia <:;.. <2 doae.kew wee sees sia. « 241 7G). .Billheteia. uta vars) NUtANS .«,«/jhsiaja die AEM EEIEE eee 5 243 B20, BUBGreta WUNAEUM 5 «> 6%.cic.e\nisns Se abe RRMIaE EON wbicialsl' is 243 121. Billbergia pyramidalis var. pyramidalis ...........2...ccceeees 245 Bee) TOUTS ET AIA, PORECEIADA 5 0-0 « 010s 0:.mig min area Ie eae ey Cheese 8 245 TSA etd CUI ses eas ok a oss su on ie ee Re clan as ees 249 Tae Were aetavid Parieeata 2.0 oss: oan eee eins scene ws 249 TES ad Bboy R22 we yo) eT a eR PS Hl we lhe a la 251 Pe SEO SEATAS SAPEDATIUS 5). 04. < 0cmmnthe melamine edad eusie 62 sm ois 251 Pay pA AS UDIEZ IMUICLIOLY | alse 5 alka areledn ceele ete raat Sai eale oe ioieokts 254
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Mary Waux Walcott Fund for Publications in Botany
THE BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL
By LYMAN B. SMITH
Department of Botany U. S. National Museum
With 128 illustrations by Rosert J. Downs U. S. Department of Agriculture
INTRODUCTION
The present paper is written to organize the mass of recent species of Brazilian Bromeliaceae in relation to past works to form a new basis for other branches of biological study. In doing this it takes into account the interest in the discovery and propagation of brome- liads for economic and horticultural purposes and at the same time the necessity for their destruction in limited areas to effect the control of malaria. I am indebted to a great number of people and institu- tions for help in the first instance and to the Servico Nacional de Malaria of Brazil and to the Rockefeller Foundation for an under- standing of the public health situation.
The Bromeliaceae of Brazil have been covered exhaustively three different times in the last 60 years by their great monographer, Carl Mez.t His most recent treatment in 1934 and 1935 in the Pflanzen- reich indicated nearly 500 species as native to Brazil, yet since then 135 additional species have been discovered and still continue to ap- pear so rapidly that 39 of them could not be published before the present paper.
This proportionately great increase in our knowledge of the group is due to two sources unavailable to Mez—intensive collections since his monograph, and large collections in the herbaria of the United States and Brazil which, for some reason, he failed to see although they mainly predated his work. Since 1935 the collecting of brome- liads by systematic botanists has continued at much the same pace as before and has resulted in additions to the Brazilian flora, but the great increase in information has come from the horticultural side through the intensive collections of Mulford and Racine Foster and
1 Jn Martius, Flora Brasiliensis 3, pt. 3: 173-034. 1891-1804. In De Candolle, Monographiae Phanerogamarum 9: 1-990. 1896. Jn Engler, Das Pflanzenreich IV. 32: 1-667. 1934-1935.
SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS, VOL. 126, NO. 1
2 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
in public health through the researches of Father Raulino Reitz and Dr. Henrique Pimenta Veloso.
The Fosters have traveled widely in search of striking bromeliads but have made their greatest efforts in the rain forest area of extreme eastern Brazil, the home of the great majority of the ornamental species. I gratefully acknowledge that they have not forgotten to collect the lowly “botanicals” or nonglamorous types at the same time. Also they have the rewarding system of collecting sterile plants, which on blooming years later often prove to be species of exceptional interest. While the general collector frequently neglects or ignores bromeliads because of the great difficulty of collecting and preserving them, the Fosters have concentrated on them to the practical exclusion of all other families. As a result more than half of the new species described since 1935 have been based upon their collections.
Reitz and Veloso have concentrated their efforts on the bromeliads of Santa Catarina in connection with the campaign undertaken in recent years by the Servico Nacional de Malaria. Although Reitz has discovered a number of new species, he has made a much more important contribution to our knowledge of the variation and distribu- tion of species already known. In fact, he has changed the status of the bromeliad flora there from the least known in the eastern rain forest to equality with the best. Veloso, using Reitz’s taxonomic studies as a base, has given us a detailed picture of the ecology of the Santa Catarina bromeliads (Anais Botanicos do Herbario “Bar- bosa Rodrigues”: 187-270. 1952) which has yet to be approached elsewhere.
Mez saw the Bromeliaceae in practically all the important European herbaria and from near chaos erected a detailed and logical system. However, he noted little from this side of the Atlantic beyond citing my early papers, and, as these dealt chiefly with non-Brazilian brome- liads, he missed not only most of the novelties but also the rich distri- butional data in United States and Brazilian herbaria.
For the past 25 years, thanks to Dr. F. C. Hoehne, former director of the Instituto de Botanica in S40 Paulo, I have enjoyed every advantage of its ample herbarium, from a constant supply of speci- mens to lavish facilities for publishing and illustrating the results of my studies. Nor should I forget the field experience gained at Alto da Serra and Moysés Kuhlmann’s original technique for collecting epiphytes.
To Dr. P. Campos Porto, director of the Jardim Botanico do Rio de Janeiro, I am indebted not only for the opportunity to study in the garden and herbarium but also for the hospitality that enabled me
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 3
to collect in the two great national parks administered by the Jardim, Itatiaia and Serra dos Orgaos.
Dra. Heloisa Alberto Torres, director of the Museu Nacional, not only provided me with every facility in the herbarium but also ar- ranged for a rapid series of field trips in Rio and Minas with the help of the whole department of botany under the leadership of Dr. F, Segadas Vianna. Here I should explain that owing to the number of people on these trips I was obliged to abbreviate the citation of collections to “Smith & Mus R,” indicating that the number was mine but the expedition a joint enterprise.
Dr. Alexandre Curt Brade, both when at the Museu and later at the Jardim, has helped me exceedingly with specimens and with his © detailed knowledge of botanical history and geography.
I have studied with Father Raulino Reitz in his Herbario “Barbosa Rodrigues” while enjoying the hospitality of the Seminario at Azam- buja, Brusque, and have collected widely with him in eastern Santa Catarina.
As my citations will indicate, I have received help by brief meet- ings and by correspondence with a number of other Brazilian bota- nists. Among these are Dr. Felisberto Camargo, former director of the Instituto Agronémico do Norte and authority on the pineapple ; Dr. J. Murea Pires, head of the department of botany of the same; Dr. A. Ducke, famous explorer of the Amazon; Father Bento Pickel, formerly of the Instituto das Pesquizas Agronomicas, Pernambuco, and his successor, Dr. Dardano A. Lima; Dr. Joao José Seabra of the Faculdade de Filosofia da Bahia; Dr. Amaro Macedo of Ituiutaba, Minas Gerais; Dr. Carlos Stellfeld, Director of the Museu Paranaense; Dr. Guenter Tessmann and Dr. Gert Hatschbach of Curitiba, Parana; the late Father Eugenio Leite ; and Father B. Rambo, director of the Herbario Anchieta and authority on the flora of Rio Grande do Sul. Finally, there remain a host of Brazilians too numerous to mention whose help in the herbarium and in the field is warmly remembered.
MATERIAL
I am indebted to those in charge of the following herbaria for the opportunity to study their material (abbreviations wherever possible follow Lanjouw & Stafleu, Index Herbariorum, part 1) :?
Museo Argentino de Ciencias Na- Bailey Hortorium, Ithaca, New York turales Bernardino Rivadavia, (BH). Buenos Aires (BA).
2Regnum Vegetabile 2: 1-167. 1952.
4 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS
British Museum of Natural History
(BM).
Jardin Botanique de 1’Etat, Brussels (BR).
Jenman Herbarium, Department of Agriculture, British Guiana (BRG).
University of Cambridge, Great
Britain (CGE).
Chicago Natural History Museum, formerly the Field Museum (F).
Faculdade de Filosofia da Bahia (FF Bahia).
Conservatoire et Jardin Botanique, Geneva (G).
Gray Herbarium of Harvard Univer- sity (GH).
Herbario “Barbosa Rodrigues,” Itajai, Santa Catarina (HBR).
Instituto Agrondmico do Estado de Sao Paulo, Campinas (IAC).
Instituto Agrondmico do Norte, Belém, Para (IAN).
Instituto Biologico de Pesquisas Téc- nicas, Curitiba, Parana (Inst. Biol. Pesq. Tec.).
Instituto de Pesquisas Agrondémicas, Recife, Pernambuco (IPA). Jardim Botanico de Belo Horizonte,
Minas Gerais. Material studied now transferred to the Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro.
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K).
The following are cited on the
and photographs:
Herbario Anchieta, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul (Anchieta).
Botanisches Museum, Berlin (B). Bromeliaceae mostly lost.
Botanical Museum and Herbarium, Copenhagen (C).
Komaroy Botanical Institute of the
VOL. 126
Institut et Jardin Botanique, Liége, Belgium (LG).
Instituto Miguel Lillo, Tucuman, Ar- gentina (LIL).
Linnean Society of London (LINN).
Botanisches Museum, Munich (M).
Museu Goeldi, Belém, Para (MG).
University of Michigan (MICH).
Missouri Botanical Garden (MO).
Institut Botanique, Montreal (MT).
New York Botanical Garden (NY).
Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris (P).
G. F. J. Pabst, private herbarium, Santa Catarina (Pabst).
Museu Paranaense, Curitiba (Paran.).
Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro (R).
Jardim Botanico do Rio de Janeiro (RB).
Riksmuseet, Stockholm (S).
Instituto de Botanica, Sao Paulo (SP);
University of California (UC).
United States National Museum (US).
United States National Arboretum. Material studied now transferred to the United States National Museum.
Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Institut der Universitat, Vienna
(WU).
basis of duplicates, descriptions,
Academy of Sciences of U.S.S.R., Leningrad (LE).
Botanisches Institut der Universitat, Leipzig (LZ). Bromeliaceae all lost.
Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna (W). Bromeliaceae all lost.
Whenever it seems significant, I have cited personally unverified collections and followed them with the name of the person responsible for the record. Thus there are a number of collections in European herbaria that are cited on the authority of Mez in order to give the full distributional data for the species. One instance in particular
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—-SMITH 5
needs comment, Mez’s list of Bromeliaceae in Luetzelburg, Estudo Botanico do Nordeste 3:104. 1923. This greatly increases our knowledge of the distribution of species in arid northeastern Brazil, yet curiously enough Mez seems to have forgotten it in his final mono- graph in the Pflanzenreich. My other large source of data is Reitz, who has kept me constantly informed as he adds to the flora of Santa Catarina.
In a few instances pictures, not specimens, must be cited as types of species. This is particularly the case in Baker’s species described from the unpublished Icones of E. Morren. These are at Kew and in some cases can be identified with specimens at Liége, but Baker saw only the pictures.
Since duplicate collections of Bromeliaceae are relatively rare and since the important herbaria as regards the family have been covered, there seems little point in listing exsiccatae. Instead, the numbers of photographic negatives on file in the Chicago Natural History Mu- seum, the Gray Herbarium, and the United States National Museum are noted whenever they are likely to be helpful in establishing the identity of a species.
GEOGRAPHICAL CITATIONS
The citation of localities in Brazil is extremely difficult for a num- ber of reasons. First of all, many of the early collectors did not bother to record localities or their data were lost, with the result that “Brazil” is all we have left. Next, some of the older settlements have ceased to exist and frequently places have changed their names. Who now recognizes Sao Sebastianopolis as Rio de Janeiro or Desterro as Florianopolis? If it were not for Urban’s great study of collectors in the introductory volume of “Flora Brasiliensis,” the case would be hopeless.
More recently there is the difficulty of changes in spelling and place names by government action. Xapecd becomes Chapeco, retaining the pronunciation but bewildering the reader. In its “Index to Map of Hispanic America 1: 1,000,000” (p. 402), the American Geo- graphical Society explains the latest Brazilian orthography and its listings cover the majority of localities involved in this paper.
However, since the publication of this index in 1945, there has been a new reform to eliminate duplication of names, not just within a state but for the whole country. Thus, where Bom Jests could occur as the name for a dozen localities in one state, there must now be but one place with that name in all Brazil. This has been accom-
6 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
plished by giving the unadorned name to the locality with the best title to it, and modifying the name or completely changing it for the others. The words “do Norte” are added to the northernmost locality of that name and so on for the points of the compass, others are compounded with the name of the river or mountains which they adjoin. On the other hand, one state capital goes from Paraiba to Joao Pessoa without a backward glance. Ultimately this latest reform should clarify Brazilian geography greatly, but at the moment it is an additional confusion to one dealing for the most part with the older names for localities.
The recent practice of dividing the states into municipios helps with the identification of many localities, and the Tabuas Itinerarias Brasileiras (Servico Grafico do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatistica-1950) is a very useful index to the municipios. I have also been fortunate in obtaining the latest maps for a few states, notably Parana and Santa Catarina.
When all other resources have been used, I have appealed to the collectors and they have helped me with their own localities and often with those of past botanists. Dr. E. Asplund of the Riksmuseet, Stockholm, has been most helpful in finding the localities of Swedish botanists in Brazil. In order to save anyone the work of identifying these localities again, on page 259 I have listed those which are not explained in the “Index to Map of Hispanic America 1 : 1,000,000.”
In citing localities in the text, the sequence is from the vague to the definite. First come the collections of which we know only that their origin was Brazilian, next come those that are located only as to state, followed by those with named localities within the state, and, finally, by those that are further defined by a municipio. Locality names which are defined only as far as the state are cited in the text in parentheses, indicating that it has not been possible to plot them on the map.
DISTRIBUTION AND ORIGIN
The map on page 7 (from Goode’s series) shows the approximate position of all bromeliad localities in Brazil that it has been possible to identify. The observation that range maps represent where collec- tors have been rather than where plants are, is peculiarly apt in this case because of the difficulty of collecting and preserving bromeliads. Undoubtedly this situation accounts for the marked breaks in repre- sentation in eastern Brazil around the Baia—Espirito Santo boundary and around that between Sao Paulo and Parana.
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH Z
Yet the even more obvious contrast shown between eastern Brazil and the remainder of the country is actually much greater than it is possible to indicate. In preparing the map, it was frequently the case
£
is -----L-1- L
S Discovery of bromeliad malaria
Santa Cotorina area of bromeliad malaria
Distribution of Bromeliaceae in Brazil
that in the east each spot represented several localities too near to each other to be distinguished, while each locality generally included a number of species. Elsewhere the spots usually represent a single locality and very often a single species.
From the map, representation in much of Minas Gerais compares with that about Rio de Janeiro, but the single spot which covers the
8 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
Distrito Federal represents dozens of localities, nearly a hundred species, and great quantities of individuals, while one spot in Minas indicates a single locality as a rule and that with few species and individuals.
Great general collectors who have operated in the east and also in the interior give further evidence along this line, as shown by a com- parison of A. Glaziou’s collections in the state of Rio de Janeiro and in Goias, or those of F. C. Hoehne in Sao Paulo and Mato Grosso. In each case the collections in the east are more numerous, as might be expected from the greater amount of time spent there, but they are also significantly richer in species both totally and in relation to the remainder of the flora. Such collectors in the Amazon basin as A. Ducke, R. L. Froes, B. A. Krukoff, J. G. Kuhlmann, R. E. Schultes, and R. Spruce afford us almost no direct contrast with the bromeliads of the east, but the family is a very insignificant part of their well rounded general collections.
Finally, we have the evidence of collectors who were interested in bromeliads almost exclusively. Dr. J. L. Collins, who traveled ex- tensively investigating the origin of the pineapple, has told me how driving westward in Pernambuco he saw bromeliads in profusion and then abruptly could find none. The following from the unpub- lished report by K. F. Baker and J. L. Collins of exploration in 1938 and 1939 gives the details:
On the return trip from Candado we had opportunity to determine more closely the exact point at which the Bromeliaceae stopped in the westward distribution. A short distance east of Salgadinho we suddenly came to the end of the Sertao and passed into the curimataii and with this change immediately passed from
a situation of almost no Bromeliads to their supplying one of the dominant elements of the flora.
The Fosters in their journey to Mato Grosso repeatedly found formations that they had learned to associate with bromeliads in the east completely lacking in these plants.
Concerning the origin of the Brazilian bromeliads there seems little reason to alter the general conclusions reached in my “Geographical Evidence on the Lines of Evolution in the Bromeliaceae” (Bot. Jahrb. 66: 446-468. 1934). Using the generally accepted morphological cri- teria, the Brazilian bromeliads are characterized as derived rather than primitive types. The Bromelioideae, with its consistently in- ferior ovary and indehiscent fruit, is easily the most advanced of the three subfamilies and has its chief center in eastern Brazil with a number of endemic genera. All this would indicate that the family had arisen in western South America and migrated into Brazil.
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 9
It can be argued that structurally Encholirium and Cottendorfia are as primitive as Puya, but they are now widely separated from it geographically and the distribution of the other genera indicates an origin from an ancestral type close to Puya. Encholirium and Cotten- dorfia may have entered Brazil on the divide between the Amazon and Paraguay basins, but so long ago that no good evidence remains. The advanced genera, Dyckia and Deuterocohnia, however, clearly indicate this origin from western Bolivia. The other advanced genera, Navia and Brocchinia, barely cross the northern boundary of Brazil. Navia, at first considered primitive on account of its naked seeds, is now evidently advanced as occasional vestiges of wing prove this condition to be the result of reduction.
The subfamily Tillandsioideae shows evidences of at least three routes of invasion and also a strong reverse movement in the case of Vriesia, its largest genus in Brazil. Tillandsia, the most primitive genus of the subfamily, shows the height of land as the most probable route for its most primitive subgenus, Allardtia, as well as for Pseudo- Catopsis and Phytarrhiza. Anoplophytum very likely evolved in Brazil and spread westward like the genus Vriesia. The subgenus Diaphoranthema of Tillandsia seems to have invaded from the south, while a few species of the subgenus Tillandsia (formerly Platy- stachys) and of the genus Catopsis have obviously moved down the coast from the West Indies.
Judged from the extreme concentration of species and genera in eastern Brazil, the subfamily Bromelioideae must have evolved there. Such genera as Cryptanthus and Nidularium are endemic in the area, and such large and widespread genera as Aechmea and Billbergia have species ranges that almost seem to explode from that point.
ECONOMIC ASPECTS
The pineapple, Ananas comosus, is the one bromeliad of outstand- ing economic importance. It probably evolved in interior Brazil (see Baker & Collins in American Journal of Botany 26: 697), but like so many other economic species it has found its greatest development far from its homeland. In fact the leading center of research on the pineapple is in Hawaii, as might be expected in connection with some three-quarters of the world’s export trade in this fruit. In Brazil, although it does not figure as an export, the pineapple is widely grown and appreciated. It also produces a superior fiber but this has not found much use because of the difficulties of preparation.
Io SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. I26
Research in Brazil has been principally taxonomic as can be seen by the references to F. C. Camargo in the text.
The caroa, Neoglaziovia variegata, also produces an excellent fiber which is much used within Brazil. The species is native in the arid northeast where it grows without cultivation on areas too poor for most other commercial crops. For a detailed study see ““O Caroa” by Lauro P. Xavier.*
Spanish moss, Tillandsia usneoides, apparently does not grow so prolifically anywhere in Brazil as it does in the southeastern United States, nor does it appear to have been systematically exploited for filler material for cushions and mattresses as has been done here.
HORTICULTURE
Interest in bromeliads as ornamentals is much more recent than in the pineapple, yet it dates back well over a century. In England the cultivation of the still popular Brazilian Billbergia pyramidalis was noted under another name in the Botanical Magazine in 1815 and accompanied by a colored plate. Billbergia amoena appeared similarly in Loddiges Botanical Cabinet in 1818 and B. zebrina in 1827, and Aechmea fasciata in the Botanical Register in 1828. The cultivation of Bromelia antiacantha was noted by Bertolini in Italy in 1824. By 1857 many species were in cultivation in Berlin as evi- denced by the numerous citations in Beer’s “Die Familie der Brome- liaceen,” the first comprehensive treatment of the group. Between 1865 and 1885 there was great interest in the family in Belgium centering around Liége where Edouard Morren published many new species with elaborate colored plates in his Belgique Horticole. Also notable for work in horticultural species in the last half of the 19th century were C. Koch in Germany, Regel in Russia, Antoine in Austria, and Lemaire, Linden, and André in France. It is note- worthy that the great majority of ornamental species described in this early period as well as later were of Brazilian origin. The more recent monographers, Baker and Mez, concerned themselves less with horticulture, but fell heirs to the work left unfinished by Morren’s untimely death, and published a considerable number of ornamentals nonetheless.
Horticultural activity in bromeliads developed late in the United States, although, according to Mulford Foster (Plant Life 1:71.
8 Ministério da Agricultura, Departamento Nacional da Producio Vegetal, Divisto de Fomento da Producao Vegetal, Seccio de Fomento Agricola, Paraiba.
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH II
1945), nurserymen were listing species for sale before the turn of the century. Now cultivation has developed here to the extent of sup- porting the Bromeliad Society, organized in 1950.
In Brazil, Glaziou was bringing live bromeliads to the imperial gardens in Rio, now the gardens of the Museu Nacional, as early as 1868. Today there are also notable collections at the Jardim Bo- tanico in Rio and at the Instituto de Botanica in Sao Paulo. Beyond all comparison or possibility of estimate, however, is the private inter- est in bromeliads. Given a people with a deep appreciation of the colorful, and plants with vivid inflorescences that last for weeks or leaves with highly ornamental markings, the resulting interest is a foregone conclusion. Masses of cut flowers are on sale in the markets and by the roadsides and cultivation is effected simply by removing the plant from one tree and attaching it to another more conveniently situated.
BROMELIAD MALARIA
Under certain exceptional circumstances bromeliads are detrimental to public health because of the malaria-carrying mosquitoes that breed in their tanks. As explained in my article in the Smithsonian Report for 1952, there have been only three instances of serious malaria infestation attributed to bromeliad breeding mosquitoes although the disease is worldwide in tropical and warm temperate regions. The first case was in the coastal rain forest of Sao Paulo, the second on the British island of Trinidad, and the third and worst in Santa Catarina, again in the coastal rain forest.
The present paper attempts to estimate the possibility of the occur- rence of further malaria of this origin by giving a comprehensive view of the distribution of the Bromeliaceae in Brazil. From the map (p. 7) it is immediately evident that the bromeliads are con- centrated in the east along the narrow coastal slope just as is the human population. Analysis by genera and species shows that the Bromeliads which store their water in open tanks are still further concentrated in the east, while those storing water in the leaf-tissues predominate in the interior. Thus there is little probability of serious bromeliad malaria on the Planalto or in the Amazon basin. On the other hand, species of bromeliads that are proved hosts of malaria mosquitoes are recorded for practically the entire length of the Bra- zilian coast. Gravisia aquilega, the most important host in Trinidad, is found as far south as Baia, while Vriesia gigantea and Hohenbergia augusta, the worst offenders in Santa Catarina, extend north to Espirito Santo.
I2 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
Fortunately much more is involved than the mere presence of the mosquito host, as Veloso has demonstrated in his detailed study noted above. To be effective in the transmission of malaria, the bromeliad species must also occur in great quantity within mosquito range of a large human population. Although there is no survey like that of Veloso to give us an idea of bromeliad concentrations in the other states of Brazil, there is reason to hope that the situation in Santa Catarina is exceptional. Certainly nowhere else have I seen or heard of such dense masses of tank bromeliads as occur there. If there remain no serious foci of bromeliad malaria, as seems to be the case, then public health is concerned only with guarding against their de- velopment. The Servico Nacional de Malaria is already doing this in the south, where I have seen their crews protecting a new beach resort by clearing bromeliads from a belt around it. In the north even this seems unnecessary. Probably the only danger there is the remote possibility of artificially stimulating the growth of bromeliads by pro- viding a favorable habitat, as happened in the development of the cacao plantations in Trinidad.
Finally, the needs of public health, though paramount, are not wholly irreconcilable with those of horticulture. Destruction of bro- meliads when necessary involves only a narrow belt around a settle- ment and this is not the only means of control nor even the most feasible one in some instances. The species involved are both common and wide-ranging and their extinction is virtually impossible as long as any forest remains.
PRELIMINARY RECORDS
All necessary preliminary records have been brought together here and placed in alphabetical order so that they can be more easily con- sulted in monographic studies and so they will not encumber the text when it is used for purposes of identification.
Aechmea bicolor L. B. Smith, sp. nov. FIGURE 100
A Ae. candida E. Morren, cui affinis, laminis foliorum valde acutis longioribus angustioribusque subtus omnino cinereo-lepidotis, spinula sepalorum brevi, placentis apicalibus differt.
Stoloniferous; leaves in a slenderly crateriform rosette, 5-6 dm. long, much exceeding the inflorescence, covered beneath with fine appressed cinereous scales, sheaths broadly elliptic, 13 cm. long, blades linear, acute with a thick pungent apical cusp, 25 mm. wide, flat, laxly serrulate with teeth 0.5 mm. long, densely cinereous-lepidote above
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 13
becoming more or less glabrous with age; scape slender, erect, white- flocculose when young; scape-bracts lanceolate, acuminate to a thick pungent apex, elsewhere membranaceous, erect, about equaling the internodes, the lowest serrulate ; inflorescence simple, laxly cylindric, 5-8 cm. long, white-flocculose ; floral bracts broadly ovate, acute, thin, the lowest about equaling the ovary, the others much shorter ; flowers polystichous, sessile, divergent; sepals yellow, 4 mm. long exclusive of the slender I mm. mucro, connate for nearly half their length, the free lobes broadly ovate and rounded; petals 9 mm. long, white, bearing two lacerate scales above the base, blades elliptic, obtuse, stamens included; ovary broadly obconic, 5-6 mm. long; epigynous tube shallowly crateriform, placentae apical, ovules apiculate.
Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1952441, collected on trees in
dense forest, between Ituagi and Jequié, State of Baia, Brazil, altitude 480 meters, Oct. 18, 1948, by M. B. Foster (No. 2450).
Aechmea blanchetiana (Baker) L. B. Smith, comb. nov. Tillandsia blanchetiana Baker, Handb. Bromel. 182. 1880.
Aechmea cariocae L. B. Smith, nom. nov.
Chevalieria comata Mez in DC. Monogr, Phan. 9: 153. 1896. In part: as to description but not as to basonym.
Aechmea castanea L. B. Smith, sp. nov. FIGURE III
A Ae. cariocae L. B. Smith, cui affinis, bracteis florigeris brunneo- lepidotis, sepalis glabris minutissime armatis differt.
Leaves many in a spreading rosette, 1.7 m. long, covered on both sides with a membrane of coalesced scales, thick, coriaceous, sheaths castaneous-lepidote, blades linear, acute with a stout brown apical cusp, 7 cm. wide, buff-lepidote, subdensely serrate with ascending brown teeth 2 mm. long; scape over 35 cm. long, 2 cm. in diameter, brown-flocculose ; scape-bracts erect, very densely imbricate, their sheaths elliptic, 8 cm. long, dark castaneous, covered with brown appressed scales but becoming glabrous, their blades ligulate, acute, to 10 cm. long, entire, subcoriaceous; inflorescence simple, densely strobilate with about 15 rows of flowers, slenderly conical, 29 cm. long, 10 cm. in diameter ; floral bracts cymbiform, enfolding the base of the flower, thick, woody, the truncate rugose apex densely brown- lepidote, the terminal mucro not more than 3 mm. long; flowers spreading; sepals free, strongly asymmetric with a broad wing, 16 mm. long, coriaceous, thick, glabrous, the delicate mucro less than
14 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
0.5 mm. long; petals fleshy, imperfectly known ; epigynous tube con- spicuous, broad-based.
Type in the Gray Herbarium, collected at Santa Teresa, State of Espirito Santo, Brazil, Aug. 5, 1940, by M. B. & R. Foster (No. 831).
Aechmea chlorophylla L. B. Smith, sp. nov. FIGURE I07
A Ae. bromelufolia (Rudge) Baker, cui affinis, bracteis florigeris sepalisque nullo modo retusis, petalis basi appendiculatis differt.
Leaves 5 dm. long, green, wholly covered with coarse pale appressed scales, sheaths broadly elliptic, 12 cm. long, blades ligulate, acute, 3 cm. wide, laxly serrate with spreading teeth 3 mm. long; scape 4 dm. long, 4 mm. in diameter, densely white-flocculose ; scape-bracts thin, roseate, white-lepidote, the lower ones elliptic, about equaling the internodes, serrate near their apices, the upper ones lanceolate, much exceeding the internodes and massed below the inflorescence, entire; inflorescence simple, densely strobilate, ellipsoid, 7-9 cm. long, 35-40 mm. in diameter, covered with white appressed scales ; floral bracts suberect, broadly cymbiform, broadly acute or obtuse and apiculate, thick-coriaceous and bicarinate or tricarinate but near the apex rather thin and distinctly nerved, about equaling the ovary; sepals strongly asymmetric, 12 mm. long, connate for 2 mm., un- armed ; petals erect, 20 mm. long, bearing 2 lacerate scales at base, fleshy, quickly turning black; epigynous tube broad, conspicuous, placentae apical, ovules long-caudate.
Type in the Gray Herbarium, collected at Santa Teresa, State of Espirito Santo, Brazil, Aug. 6, 1940 (bloomed in cultivation, June 1942), by M. B. & R. Foster (No. 830).
ADDITIONAL SPECIMEN EXAMINED:
Espiriro Santo: Near Santa Teresa, 1939, M. B. & R. Foster 176-b (GH).
Aechmea comata (Gaud.) Baker var. makoyana (Mez) L. B. Smith, comb. nov.
Aechmea lindenii var. makoyana Mez, Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 32: 159. 1934.
Aechmea leucolepis L. B. Smith, sp. nov. FIGURE II0
A Ae. sphaerocephala (Gaud.) Baker, cui affinis, bracteis superi- oribus scapi integris, inflorescentia lepidibus albidis adpressis obtecta differt.
Forming dense clusters ; flowering shoot to 4 m. high (! Foster) ; leaves to 4 m. long (! Foster), the single leaf of the type 1.1 m. long, wholly covered with pale appressed scales, the sheath elliptic, 3 dm.
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 15
long, dark castaneous, the blade ligulate-attenuate with a stout termi- nal cusp, 11 cm. broad, very laxly serrate with dark uncinate teeth 5 mm. long; scape stout, only the upper 15 cm. known, glabrous, dark castaneous; upper scape-bracts subfoliaceous, entire, large, erect, densely imbricate; inflorescence simple, densely strobilate, ellipsoid, 14 cm. long, 9 cm. in diameter including the sepals, covered with ap- pressed white scales; floral bracts cymbiform, enfolding the ovary and the bases of the sepals, very thick and woody, broadly truncate with a slender terminal mucro 3 mm. long; sepals 27 mm, long in- cluding the slender 3 mm. long mucro, connate for 3 mm., the free lobes ovate, asymmetric, dark castaneous, coriaceous; petals and stamens included, imperfectly known ; epigynous tube infundibuliform, 5 mm. long, seeds apparently abortive.
Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, Nos. 1952447 and 1952448, collected
between Milagres and Maracas, State of Baia, Brazil, altitude 450 meters, Oct. 18, 1948, by M. B. Foster (No. 2452).
Aechmea lingulata var. froesii L. B. Smith, var. nov.
A var. lingulata ramis rectis plus minusve recurvatis, bracteis flori- geris breviter mucronulatis, sepalis majoribus differt. Type in the herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden, collected between
Colonia Itatinga and Bom Gosto, State of Baia, Brazil, November 1942, by Ricardo de Lemos Frées (No. 19970).
Aechmea lingulata var. patentissima (Mart. ex Schult.) L. B. Smith, comb. nov.
Billbergia patentissima Mart. ex Schult. in R. & S. Syst. 7: pt. 2: 1270. 1830.
Aechmea maculata L. B. Smith, sp. nov. FIGURE 107
A Ae. bromeliifolia (Rudge) Baker, cui valde affinis, vaginis foli- orum et scapi bracteis purpureo-maculatis, bracteis florigeris apiculatis differt.
Caudex 6-9 dm. long (! Foster) ; flowering shoot 45 cm. high; leaves rosulate, 27 cm. long, the sheath broadly elliptic, 13 cm. long, covered with white appressed scales, densely and coarsely purple- spotted above, serrate toward apex, the blade ligulate, acute with the extreme apex reflexed, 4 cm. wide, flat, white-lepidote beneath, soon glabrous above, laxly serrate with brown spreading teeth 2 mm. long, concolorous ; scape erect, 7 mm. in diameter sparsely white-flocculose ; scape-bracts elliptic, thin, roseate, the lower ones erect, about equal- ing the internodes, white-lepidote, serrulate at apex, the upper ones
16 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
divergent, imbricate and massed below the inflorescence, involute, glabrous ; inflorescence simple, strobilate, cylindric, 4 cm. long, 2 cm. in diameter, white-flocculose; floral bracts suborbicular, retuse and then apiculate, 10 mm. long, thick and bicarinate with thin apex and margins, dark brown; sepals 8 mm. long, connate for 3.5 mm., the free lobes asymmetric, subquadrate, ecarinate, unarmed; petals 17 mm. long, bearing fimbriate scales near the middle of the claw, blades elliptic; stamens included; epigynous tube 1 mm. long, placentae apical ; ovules caudate.
Type in the Gray Herbarium, collected on the Pico de Piedade near Belo
Horizonte, State of Minas Gerais, altitude 1,300 meters, July 10, 1940, by M. B. & R. Foster (No. 561).
Aechmea mitis (Mart. ex Schult.) L. B. Smith, comb. nov.
Billbergia mitis Mart. ex Schult. in R. & S. Syst. 7, pt. 2: 1267. 1830.
Aechmea mutica L. B. Smith, sp. nov. FIGURE 96
A Ae. macrochlamyde L. B. Smith, cui habitu persimilis, inflores- centia bipinnata, sepalis subduplo minoribus inermibus differt.
Flowering plant 60-65 cm. high; leaves 5-6 dm. long, sheaths elliptic, 16-19 cm. long, much wider than the blades, subdensely and minutely brown-lepidote, blades linear, rounded to a stout pungent terminal cusp, not at all narrowed at base, 3 cm. wide, sparsely and very inconspicuously pale-lepidote, laxly serrate with spreading brown teeth 2 mm. long; scape slightly curved, 5 mm. in diameter, white- lanate, becoming glabrous; scape-bracts lance-oblong, acute, pungent, subcoriaceous, sparsely pale-lepidote, the lower exceeding the inter- nodes, serrulate near their apices, pale green, the upper densely imbricate and massed beneath the inflorescence, roseate ; inflorescence densely bipinnate, cylindric, 14-17 cm. long, 6 cm. in diameter, white- lanate especially on the axis; primary bracts spreading, thin, roseate, the lower ones linear and exceeding the spikes, the upper triangular and much shorter; spikes sessile, cylindric, densely 3—4-flowered ; rhachis not excavated ; floral bracts broadly ovate, acuminate, 20 mm. long including the slender terminal mucro, exceeding and concealing the sepals, thin, prominently nerved, roseate; flowers apparently distichous, sessile, erect; sepals free, asymmetric, elliptic, obtuse, 9 mm. long, unarmed; petals 17 mm. long, blue, bearing 2 bidentate scales at base; epigynous tube 2 mm. long, placentae apical, ovules apiculate.
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 17
Type in the Gray Herbarium, collected at Santa Teresa, State of Espirito Santo, Brazil, altitude 765 meters, July 27, 1939, by M. B. & R. Foster (No. 293). Duplicate in the Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro.
ADDITIONAL SPECIMEN EXAMINED:
Espiriro SANTO: Santa Teresa, Aug. 5, 1940, M. B. & R. Foster 806 (GH).
Aechmea nervata L. B. Smith, sp. nov. FIGURE 105
A Ae. lamarcheit Mez, cui verisimiliter affinis, bracteis florigeris tenuibus valde nervatis, sepalis breviter connatis differt.
Flowering plant 6 dm. high; leaves unknown; scape straight, 6 mm. in diameter; scape-bracts erect, densely imbricate, broadly elliptic with a pungent brown terminal cusp, covered with fine white ap- pressed scales, the lowest ones serrulate near the apex, the central ones over 10 cm. long, the higher ones entire; inflorescence simple, strobilate, cylindric, acute, 9 cm. long, 25 mm. in diameter, white- flocculose, becoming glabrous; floral bracts erect, densely imbricate, very broadly ovate with a long soft acuminate apex, 16 mm. long, about equaling the sepals, nearly flat, thin, strongly nerved; sepals 8 mm. long, connate for 2 mm., the free lobes asymmetric, subelliptic with an acute but soft apex; petals imperfectly known, bearing 2 subentire scales near the base ; epigynous tube 1.5 mm. long, placentae apical, ovules apiculate.
Type in the Gray Herbarium, collected on the litoral at Vitéria, State of Espirito Santo, Brazil, July 19390, by M. B. & R. Foster (No. 176-A).
Aechmea nudicaulis (L.) Griseb. var. aureo-rosea (Antoine) L. B. Smith, comb. nov.
Hoplophytum aureo-roseum Antoine, Wien Ill. Gartenzeit. 6:97, pl. r. 1881.
Aechmea ornata var. hoehneana L. B. Smith, var. nov. FIGURE 104
Differt inflorescentia graciliore, floribus gracilioribus, petalis azureis. Differs from the typical variety in its more slender inflorescence and flowers and blue petals.
Type in the Gray Herbarium, collected at Paidl do Meio, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil, Sept. 19, 1940, by Augusto Gehrt. Duplicate in the Instituto de Botanica, Sao Paulo (No. 43156).
ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED:
SAo Pauto: Sao Bernardo, Aug. 15, 1895, G. Edwall (SP). ParanA: In swamp near sea level, Caioba, Sept. 1, 1930, M. B. & R. Foster 452 (GH).
18 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
Aechmea podantha L. B. Smith, sp. nov. FIGURE 95
A Ae. fulgente Brongn., cui affinis, floribus pedicellatis, ovario verrucoso differt.
Climbing (! Foster) ; flowering shoot 45 cm. long; leaves to 42 cm. long, the sheaths elliptic to suborbicular, 12 cm. long, subdensely and minutely brown-lepidote, the blades ligulate, subacute and apiculate, slightly narrowed toward the base, 3 cm. wide, subdensely serrulate with antrorse teeth 1 mm. long, sparsely and obscurely pale-lepidote, lustrous; scape curved, 3 mm. in diameter, glabrous; scape-bracts erect, densely imbricate, elliptic, acute, red, membranaceous, obscurely lepidote, the lower ones serrulate; inflorescence laxly bipinnate, py- ramidal, 12 cm. long, 7 cm. in diameter, glabrous; primary bracts tri- angular, the largest only 5 mm. long; branches spreading and lax with a few distichous flowers ; rhachis slender, geniculate ; floral bracts minute, suborbicular ; flowers suberect, on pedicels 1 mm. long; sepals 4 mm. long, connate for 1.5 mm., verrucose, the free lobes strongly asymmetric, retuse; petals imperfectly known, their blades 4 mm. long; ovary globose, red, verrucose, epigynous tube very short, placentae apical, ovules caudate.
Type in the Gray Herbarium, collected at Santa Teresa, State of Espirito Santo, Brazil, Aug. 7, 1940, by M. B. & R. Foster (No. 842).
Aechmea ramosa Mart. var. festiva L. B. Smith, var. nov.
Differt sepalis rubris, ovariis albis. Differs from the typical variety by its red sepals and white ovaries. Type in the Gray Herbarium, collected at Linhares, Municipio Collatina,
State of Espirito Santo, Brazil, altitude 20 to 40 meters, Aug. 2, 1940, by M. B. & R. Foster (No. 770).
Aechmea stelligera L. B. Smith, sp. nov. Ficure 98
A Ae. tomentosa Mez, cui affinis, inflorescentia laxa, bracteis primariis angustis, axibus gracilibus differt.
Epiphytic, plant incompletely known but undoubtedly over a meter high; leaves unknown; scape straight, slender; scape-bracts erect, densely imbricate, lanceolate, acute, entire, over 2 dm. long, charta- ceous, rose (! Vasconcellos), brown-lepidote; inflorescence laxly subpyramidal, tripinnate, 4 dm. long, covered with fine brown stellate trichomes ; primary bracts linear-lanceolate, the upper ones shorter than their axillary branches ; spikes laxly 7-8-flowered ; rhachis genic- ulate, slender; floral bracts acicular from a broadly triangular base, 2 mm. long; flowers more than 2-ranked, sessile, suberect; sepals
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 19
12 mm. long, connate for 1 mm., subelliptic, strongly asymmetric, the terminal mucro 1 mm. long; petals about 2 cm. long, each bearing 2 oblong obtuse entire scales near the base; ovary subcylindric, becom- ing ellipsoid, epigynous tube infundibuliform; placentae extending almost the whole length of the cell, ovules caudate.
Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 2059452, collected in Areia, State
of Paraiba, Brazil, Sept. 15, 1944, by Jaime M. Vasconcellos. Duplicate in the Instituto de Botanica, Sao Paulo (No. 52358).
The collector records the flower as yellow, but it is not clear whether he means to include the petals or not. In the dried material they appear much darker than the sepals.
Aechmea triangularis L. B. Smith, sp. nov. FIGURE 106
A Ae. bromeliifolia (Rudge) Baker, cui affinis, laminis foliorum caudato-acuminatis, bracteis florigeris nullo modo retusis, petalis purpureis differt.
Flowering plant to 37 cm. high; leaves to 5 dm. long, covered with a membrane of pale appressed scales, the sheaths elliptic, 18 cm. long, 9 cm. wide, near the apex densely serrate with dark spreading spines 5 mm. long, green with small red spots, elsewhere entire and dark brown, the blades narrowly triangular, caudate-acuminate, 4 cm. wide at base, laxly serrate with spreading or antrorse teeth; scape erect, 3 mm. in diameter, white-flocculose ; scape-bracts broadly ellip- tic, thin, rose-lake (! Foster), inconspicuously lepidote with white appressed scales, the lower ones much shorter than the internodes, caudate, serrate near the apex, the upper ones much longer than the internodes, divergent, serrate throughout; inflorescence simple, stro- bilate, cylindric, 6 cm. long, 2 cm. in diameter exclusive of the petals, densely lepidote with white subappressed scales; floral bracts orbicu- lar, apiculate, 8 mm. long, exceeding the ovary, coriaceous, bicarinate ; sepals 6 mm. long, connate for 2 mm., the free lobes asymmetric, subquadrate, retuse, unarmed ; petals 12 mm. long, lavender to purple turning black the second day (! Foster), bearing 2 fimbriate scales high on the claw, blade broadly elliptic, obtuse; epigynous tube al- most none, placentae apical, ovules caudate.
Type in the Gray Herbarium, collected at Santa Teresa, State of Espirito
Santo, Brazil, Aug. 7, 1940 (bloomed in cultivation Apr. 22, 1941), by M. B. & R. Foster (No. 829).
Aechmea triticina var. capensis L. B. Smith, var. nov.
A var. triticina scapi bracteis supremis serrulatis, bracteis florigeris sepala superantibus differt.
20 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
Type in the Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, Nos. 46221 and 46223, collected near Cabo Frio, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, October 1809, by E. Ule.
Araeococcus goeldianus L. B. Smith, sp. nov. FIGURE 52
A A. micrantho Brongniart, cui affinis, inflorescentiae ramis diver- gentibus paulo ramosis leviter flexuosis differt.
Stemless, 7 dm. high; leaves few in an ellipsoid rosette, the outer ones reduced to acute sheaths, the inner about equaling the inflores- cence; sheaths elliptic, about 25 cm. long; blades ligulate, acute, nar- rowed toward the base, flat, 4 cm. wide, laxly serrulate ; scape erect, slender ; scape-bracts imbricate, lanceolate ; inflorescence laxly tripin- nate, 28 cm. long; lower primary bracts like the scape-bracts but smaller, much shorter than the axillary branches ; branches divergent, 10 cm. long, few-branched, slightly flexuous, slender, very laxly flowered ; floral bracts suborbicular, 3 mm. long, apiculate, minutely serrulate, membranaceous; flowers spreading; sepals free, oblong, asymmetric, 2 mm. long, truncate and apiculate; petals and stamens unknown ; fruit globose.
Type in the herbarium of the Museu Goeldi, No. 1067, collected on trees or granite rocks at Cunani, Territorio de Amapa, Brazil, Oct. 15, 1895, by J. Huber (No. 983). Fragment and photograph in the U. S. National Herbarium.
Billbergia amoena (Lodd.) Lindl. var. viridis L. B. Smith, var. nov.
Differt petalis omnino viridibus. Differs from the typical variety in having its petals wholly green instead of dark blue at the apex.
Type in the Gray Herbarium, collected at Santa Teresa, State of Espirito Santo, Brazil, July 27, 1939 (bloomed in cultivation June 1940), by M. B. & R. Foster (No. 246).
Billbergia euphemiae E. Morr. var. nudiflora L. B. Smith, var. nov.
Differt inflorescentia subdensa, axi fere recto, bracteis florigeris omnibus vel fere omnibus minutis.
Differs from the typical variety by its subdense inflorescence, nearly straight axis, and in having all or nearly all the floral bracts minute.
Type in the Gray Herbarium, collected at Itapemirim, State of Espirito Santo, Brazil, altitude 900 meters, July 7, 1939, by M. B. & R. Foster (No. 159). Duplicate in the Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro.
ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED:
Espirito Santo: Monte Carlo, Collatina, July 19, 19390, M. B. & R. Foster 217 (GH). Cachoeiro de Itapemirim, Aug. 17, 1940, M. B. & R. Foster 969 (GH, US).
No. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 21
Billbergia euphemiae E. Morr. var. saundersioides L. B. Smith, var. nov. Differt foliis pallide maculatis, haud transverse vittatis.
Differs in its leaves which have pale spots instead of transverse bands.
Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 2120883, collected near Maracas, State of Baia, Brazil, Oct. 19, 1948 (bloomed in cultivation December 1953), by M. B. Foster (No. 2470).
Billbergia fosteriana L. B. Smith, sp. nov. FIGURE 122
A B. saundersu Hort. Bull. cui affinis, inflorescentia erecta, foliis transverse zonatis differt.
Terrestrial, stoloniferous, flowering shoot 45-60 cm. long; leaves few, to 85 cm. long, densely pale-lepidote and cross-banded beneath, the sheaths as long as or longer than the blades, forming a very slender tube, the blades ligulate, acute and apiculate, 3 cm. wide, laxly serrulate ; scape erect, slender, white-flocculose ; scape-bracts suberect, lanceolate, 9 cm. long, membranaceous, rose fading to stramineous by anthesis, white-flocculose, the upper ones much exceeding the internodes ; inflorescence erect, simple, laxly few-flowered, white- flocculose ; axis slender, geniculate; floral bracts much shorter than the pedicels, ovate, acute ; pedicels divergent to spreading, very slender, to 18 mm. long; flowers erect, making an angle with the pedicels ; sepals elliptic, apiculate, 20 mm. long, lavender; petals 50 mm. long, green with blue-green apices, bearing 2 fimbriate scales at the base and 2 dentate lateral folds above them; stamens and pistil included ; ovary subcylindric, 12 mm. long, epigynous tube infundibuliform.
Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 2120880, collected near Maracas,
State of Baia, Brazil, Oct. 18, 1948 (bloomed in cultivation December 1953), by M. B. Foster (No. 2447 in part).
Billbergia iridifolia (Nees & Mart.) Lindl. var. concolor L. B. Smith, var. nov.
Differt petalis omnino pallide aureis.
Differs from the typical variety in having the petals pale yellow throughout instead of dark blue at the apex.
Type in the Gray Herbarium, collected at Itapemirim, State of Espirito Santo, Brazil, in 1939, by M. B. & R. Foster (No. 160).
ADDITIONAL SPECIMEN EXAMINED:
Espirito Santo: On rocks, Vitéria, Aug. 9, 1940, M. B. & R. Foster 873 (GH).
22 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
Billbergia minarum L. B. Smith, sp. nov. FIGURE 120
A B. lietzei E. Morr. et B. leptopoda L. B. Smith, quibus affinis, bracteis florigeris superioribus minutis differt.
Flowering plants 3-10 dm. high (! Foster) ; leaves in a tubular rosette, to 54 cm. long, maroon-green mottled with cream-white spots, covered with coarse white appressed scales, becoming glabrous above, the sheath indistinct, somewhat darker than the blade, the blade nar- rowly triangular, acuminate, about 2 cm. wide at base, very laxly serrulate; scape curved, 2 mm. in diameter, nearly glabrous; scape- bracts lanceolate with an acuminate involute densely white-lepidote apex, to 10 cm. long, thin, roseate, the upper ones much exceeding the internodes; inflorescence pendent, pseudosimple with very short 1-flowered branches, lax with 9 flowers in 2 rows; axis geniculate, very slender, glabrous; lowest floral bract like the scape-bracts but smaller, the upper ones minute, shorter than the pedicels; flowers spreading to reflexed, glabrous ; pedicels slender, to 3 mm. long ; sepals oblong, broadly acute, to 22 mm. long, the apical third dark blue and the remainder green; petals linear, obtuse, 5 cm. long, exceeding the stamens, green except for the dark blue apex, bearing 2 scales at the base; pollen grains ellipsoid, sculptured, bearing a longitudinal fold when dry; ovary obconic, to 10 mm. long, epigynous tube short, placentae linear, ovules apiculate.
Type in the Gray Herbarium, collected on rocks in dry woods, Gobernador
Valadores near the Rio Doce, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, altitude 600 meters, July 28, 1940, by M. B. & R. Foster (No. 766).
Billbergia tweedieana Baker var. latisepala L. B. Smith, var. nov.
Differt sepalis brevibus subduplo longioribus ac latis.
Differs from the typical variety in having sepals barely 13 mm. long, about twice as long as wide.
Type in the Gray Herbarium, collected at Cantagallo, State of Rio de Janeiro,
Brazil, by A. Glaziou (No. 15476). Duplicate in the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris.
Billbergia tweedieana Baker var. minor L. B. Smith, var. nov.
Differt planta minore, sepalis majoribus, late acutis.
Differs from the typical variety in its much smaller stature and broadly acute sepals 24 mm. long.
Type in the Gray Herbarium, collected at Santa Teresa, State of Espirito
Santo, Brazil, altitude 765 meters, July 27, 1939, by M. B. & R. Foster (No. 277). Duplicate in the Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro.
No. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 23
Bromelia interior L. B. Smith, sp. nov. Ficure 80
A B. glaziovi Mez, cui affinis, inflorescentia aliquid elongata, sepalis parvis bracteas florales superantibus differt.
Propagating by rhizomes ; flowering plant low, probably little more than 5 dm. high at most; leaves 5-10 dm. long, sheaths suborbicular, 7 cm. wide, glabrous above and the lower half beneath, the upper half beneath covered with coarse brown subspreading scales, blades linear, acuminate, not at all constricted at base, 2 cm. wide, glabrous above, covered with white appressed scales beneath, laxly serrate with un- cinate teeth 4-7 mm. long, the basal teeth recurved, the others ascend- ing; scape erect, elongate; scape-bracts subfoliaceous, densely imbri- cate ; inflorescence ellipsoid or short-cylindric, much longer than wide, 4 cm. in diameter; primary bracts broadly elliptic, covering all but the apices of the flowers, the lowest with small foliaceous blades ; branches short, few-flowered ; floral bracts oblong, obtuse, cucullate, carinate, serrulate, white-lepidote ; flowers subfasciculate, subsessile, 32-39 mm. long; sepals oblong, obtuse and cucullate, 12-15 mm. or rarely to 20 mm. long, carinate, conduplicate, densely white-lepidote ; petals erect, lilac; filaments connate for 5 mm.; ovary slenderly ellipsoid, densely white-lepidote.
Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 2046592, collected in campo at Quintas, Municipio Goias, State of Goids, Brazil, July 6, 1951, by A. Macedo (No. 3260).
ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED:
Mato Grosso: Between Coxipo da Ponte and Cuiaba, March 1911, Hoehne in Rondon 4518 (R); October 1914, J. G. Kuhlmann 86 (R). Campo Grande, Sept. 10, 1936, Archer & Gehrt 168 (SP, US). Aquiduana, Noreste R. R., Sept. 24, 1940, Foster 1075 (GH). Braco, Rio Arinos, Sept. 26, 1943, Baldwin 4103). (Gi, US).
SAo Pauto: Itapura, Sept. 29, 1940 (bloomed in cultivation April 1944), Foster 1101 (GH).
Cryptanthus duartei L. B. Smith, sp. nov. FIGURE 67
A C. maritimo L. B. Smith, cui affinis, bracteis florigeris linearibus sepala subaequantibus, petalis aureis differt.
Stemless; leaves 35 cm. long, the sheaths broadly elliptic, 2 cm. long, serrulate, glabrous, the blades linear-triangular, filiform-acumi- nate, not at all constricted at the base, 12 mm. wide, glabrous above, covered beneath with pale appressed scales, laxly serrulate with pale ascending teeth 0.5 mm. long; floral bracts linear, about equaling the sepals, membranaceous, subcucullate, densely lepidote toward the apex ; sepals 13 mm. long, unequally connate 4-5 mm., oblong, broadly cuspidate-acute, subcucullate, membranaceous, lepidote; petals 4 cm.
24 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
long, obtuse, bright orange; stamens and style included; ovary ob- conic, 5 mm. long.
Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 2121558, collected on micaceous quartzite soil of rocky campo, Serra do Cipo, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil,
November 1949, by A. P. Duarte. Duplicate in the herbarium of the Jardim Botanico, Rio de Janeiro (No. 76607).
Cryptanthus marginatus L. B. Smith, sp. nov. FIGURE 70
A C. lacerdae Antoine, cui affinis, foliis rubescente marginatis, sepalorum partibus liberis latioribus atrisque differt.
Plants closely aggregated; leaves about 12 in each flat rosette, to 20 cm. long, covered beneath with pale coarse appressed scales, sheaths small and inconspicuous, blades linear-lanceolate, acuminate, 3 cm. wide, becoming glabrous above except near the base, very light green with a narrow reddish margin, the broad flat median band somewhat darker than the equally broad undulate marginal bands, densely serrulate with teeth 0.5 mm. long; fascicles few-flowered, axillary, the distal perfect, the central staminate (! Foster) ; floral bracts lance-oblong, acute, exceeded by the sepals, thin, lepidote; sepals 11 mm. long, connate for 6 mm., the free lobes subquadrate with broad wings and thick triangular lepidote apiculus, dark; petals obtuse, 25 mm. long, white.
Type in the Gray Herbarium, collected near Santa Teresa, State of Espirito Santo, Brazil, July 25, 1939 (bloomed May 14, 1941), by M. B. and R. Foster (No. 243).
Cryptanthus minarum L. B. Smith, sp. nov. FicurE 69
Foliis homomorphis, laminis ad basin versus attenuatis, subtus brunneo-lepidotis, supra glabris et verisimiliter linea ampla pallida mediana notatis; laminis sepalorum late ellipticis apiculatis serrula- tisque.
Complete caudex unknown, stout; leaves all alike, to 39 cm. long, the sheaths oblong, barely differentiated, the blades ligulate, acuminate, tapered gradually toward the base, 35 mm. wide, covered beneath with brown appressed scales, glabrous above and apparently marked with a broad pale median stripe (not absolutely certain in the dried material), subdensely serrulate with pale upcurved teeth 1 mm. long; inflorescence 3 cm. in diameter ; floral bracts oblanceolate, acuminate, about equaling the midpoint of the sepals, serrulate and lepidote toward the apex; sepals 15 mm. long, connate for 8 mm., alate- carinate with the wings decurrent on the ovary, the free lobes broadly
No. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—-SMITH 25
elliptic, apiculate, serrulate, lepidote near the apex; petals 4 cm. long ; stamens and pistil included ; ovary subcylindric, 11 mm. long.
Type in the Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro (No. 46186), collected at Itabira do Campo, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, June 1902, by A. Melo Matos.
Cryptanthus pickelii L. B. Smith, sp. nov. FIGURE 72
A C. incrassato L. B. Smith et C. diversifolio Beer, quibus affinis, foliorum laminis supra linea lata pallida mediana pictis differt.
Short-caulescent ; leaves densely brown-lepidote, becoming glabrous above, sheaths elliptic, subdensely serrulate, blades caudate-acuminate, laxly and minutely serrulate, marked above with a broad pale median stripe, dimorphic, those of the outer leaves linear-lanceolate, distinctly contracted toward the base, to 35 cm. long, 25 mm. wide, blades of the inner leaves narrowly triangular, not at all contracted toward the base, not over 15 cm. long, 13 mm. wide; inflorescence compound with the flowers fasciculate in the axils of foliaceous bracts; floral bracts elliptic, exceeding the ovary, membranaceous except for the thick pungent apex, serrulate, brown-lepidote; sepals 16 mm. long, carinate, lepidote, connate for 9 mm., the free lobes ovate, acute, en- tire; petals imperfectly known, about 2 cm. longer than the sepals, exceeding the stamens, white.
Type in the herbarium of the Instituto de Pesquisas Agrondémicas, collected in forest, Tord, Escola de Sao Bento, near Tapera, Municipio Sao Lourenco da Mata, Pernambuco, Brazil, Mar. 12, 1925, by Bento José Pickel (No. 909 in part). Also the cotype, collected in the Mata do Corrego da Bexiga, Escola de Sao Bento, May 1927, by B. J. Pickel (No. 909 remainder).
Cryptanthus pseudoscaposus L. B. Smith, sp. nov. Ficure 68
A C. acauli (Lindl.) Beer, cui affinis, stolonibus elongatis nudis, foliis subtus brunneo-lepidotis, floribus subduplo minoribus, bracteis sepalisque lepidotis differt.
Stolons arising from the inflorescence, elongate, naked, at first erect and scape-like; leaves about 15 in each rosette, all alike, to 18 cm. long, completely covered beneath with brown appressed scales, soon glabrous above, sheaths small and inconspicuous, blades linear- lanceolate, filiform-acuminate, 22 mm. wide, subdensely serrulate, the center channeled, the sides undulate; fascicles few-flowered, axillary ; floral bracts broadly ovate, slightly exceeded by the sepals, membranaceous, lepidote; sepals 10 mm. long, connate for 4 mm., the free lobes subsymmetrical, lance-ovate, with a thickened pungent apex, densely pale-lepidote ; petals obtuse, 14 mm. long, white.
26 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
Type in the Gray Herbarium, collected between Domingos Martins and Vitéria, State of Espirito Santo, Brazil, altitude 75 meters, July 14, 1930, by M. B. & R. Foster (No. 208). Duplicate in the Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, and in U. S. National Herbarium.
Cryptanthus sinuosus L. B. Smith, nom. nov. Cryptanthus undulatus Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartenz. 4:299. 1836. In
part. Nomen illegitimum, because of the citation of Tillandsia acaulis in its synonymy.
Dyckia heloisae L. B. Smith, sp. nov. FicurE 16
A D. hilaireana Mez, cui affinis, foliis integerrimis, pedicellis elon- gatis differt.
Subacaulescent, 4-5 dm. high; leaves 10-12 cm. long, entire, the sheaths large, suborbicular, almost black, the blades narrowly triangu- lar, 2 cm. wide at base, thick, rigid, pungent, glabrous above, covered beneath with cinereous appressed scales; scape stout, to 6 mm. in diameter, glabrous at least in age; scape-bracts subfoliaceous, the upper ones much shorter than the internodes; inflorescence laxly racemose, many-flowered, glabrous at least in age; floral bracts nar- rowly triangular, the lower ones exceeding the pedicels; pedicels slenderly clavate, spreading, frequently curved upward toward the apex, to 14 mm. long; sepals broadly ovate, apparently broadly acute, 9 mm. long; stamens free above the very short tube with the petals; capsule ovoid, short-beaked, about equaling the sepals.
Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 2120193, collected on rocky crest, Serra do Cipé, 5 kilometers north of Chapeu de Sol. Municipio Jaboticatubas, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, altitude 1,100 meters, Apr. 29, 1952, by L. B.
Smith (No. 6608), F. Segadas-Vianna, W. A. Egler, L. Dau, Z. Lopes da Silva, W. T. Ormond & G. C. Machline.
Encholirium bradeanum L. B. Smith, sp. nov. FIGURE 2
Inter generis species valde singularis, a speciebus omnibus laminis foliorum angustissimis quam longitudine spinarum angustioribus differt.
Flowering plant over 7 dm. high; leaves rosulate, 24 cm. long, ap- pressed-pale-lepidote on both sides, the sheaths small and inconspicu- ous, the blades linear, 4 mm. wide at base, laxly serrate with slender curved mostly subopposite spines 5 mm. long; scape 8 mm. in di- ameter, glabrous at least with age; scape-bracts suberect, foliaceous and much exceeding the internodes but the highest small, entire, and shorter than the internodes; inflorescence simple, many-flowered,
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 27
dense except near the base, 20 cm. long, 4 cm. in diameter, glabrous at least with age; floral bracts narrowly triangular, exceeding the pedicels ; flowers spreading ; pedicels 6 mm. long, stout, sulcate ; sepals broadly ovate, 5 mm. long; petals and stamens very imperfectly known but apparently free; capsule ovoid, stout, 9g mm. long, dark castaneous ; seeds surrounded by a falcate wing.
Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 2104402, collected from cultivated material in the Jardim Botanico do Rio de Janeiro, originating from the region of Diamantina, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, Feb. 8, 1952, by L. B. Smith & A. C. Brade (No. 5652).
Neoregelia bahiana (Ule) L. B. Smith var. viridis L. B. Smith, var. nov.
Differt foliis omnino viridibus. Leaves wholly green in contrast to the typical variety which has the inner leaves red on the upper side.
Type in the Gray Herbarium, collected on the Serra de Piedade, near Belo Horizonte, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, altitude 1,300 meters, July 10, 1940 (bloomed in cultivation, June 1, 1943), by M. B. & R. Foster (No. 573).
Neoregelia coriacea (Antoine) L. B. Smith, comb. nov.
Karatas coriacea Antoine, Phyto-Iconogr. 51, pl. 30, fig. 1. 1884.
Neoregelia fluminensis L. B. Smith, sp. nov. Ficure 58
A N. macahensis (Ule) L. B. Smith, cui affinis, foliis omnibus similibus angustioribus utrinque lepidibus magnis pallidis adpressis densissime obtectis, pedicellis brevioribus sepalis apiculatis, subsym- metricis differt.
Stoloniferous ; leaves all alike, to 36 cm. long, completely covered with coarse pale appressed scales, sheaths broadly elliptic, 11 cm. long, their scales brownish, blades ligulate, rounded and apiculate, 27 mm. wide, laxly serrulate with teeth 0.5 mm. long, green; scape 6 cm. long; inflorescence simple, about 12-flowered; outer bracts ovate, 3 cm. long, membranaceous, densely lepidote; floral bracts oblong, obtuse and apiculate, membranaceous, lepidote; pedicels slender, 14 mm. long; sepals 15 mm. long, connate for 3 mm., the lobes slightly asymmetric, broadly elliptic and apiculate; fruit globose, 6 mm. in diameter.
Type in the Gray Herbarium, collected at Teresdpolis, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Aug. 21, 1940, by M. B. & R. Foster (No. 982).
28 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
Neoregelia hoehneana L. B. Smith, sp. nov. FicurE 56
A N. ampullacea (E. Morr.) L. B. Smith, cui affinis, stolonibus arcuato-dependentibus, bracteis florigeris sepala subaequantibus, sepalis obtusis valde asymmetricis, petalis obtusis omnino albis differt.
Stemless, propagating by long slender arching-pendent stolons; leaves about 10 in each rosette, even the inner ones only 15 cm. long, bearing minute dark appressed scales, the sheaths ample, 6 cm. long, forming a subcylindric or ellipsoid tank, densely lepidote, the blades linear, flat, broadly rounded and apiculate, 25 mm. wide, green, very sparsely lepidote, very sparsely serrulate with teeth less than 0.5 mm. long; inflorescence few-flowered, hidden in the center of the leaf- rosette; floral bracts oblong, obtuse, about equaling the sepals, thin, greenish white, subglabrous; pedicels slender, 5 mm. long; sepals short-connate, 12 mm. long, broadly obtuse, strongly asymmetric, green centrally ; petals 22 mm. long, white, the blades elliptic, obtuse ; stamens included ; ovary ellipsoid, 7 mm. long.
Type in the Instituto de Botanica, Sao Paulo, No. 44469, collected in Cara- guatatuba, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil, Nov. 13, 1940, by A. Gehrt.
Neoregelia johannis (Carr.) L. B. Smith, comb. nov.
Nidularium johannis Carr. Rev. Hortic. 56: 432. 1884.
Neoregelia kuhlmannii L. B. Smith, sp. nov. FIGURE 60
A N. coriacea (Antoine) L. B. Smith, cui affinis, foliis viridibus, pedicellis brevissimis differt.
Plant propagating by long rhizomes 7 mm. in diameter ; leaves sub- erect, 25 cm. long, the sheaths broadly elliptic, 11 cm. long, pale green, densely and finely brown-lepidote, the blades ligulate, broadly rounded or even somewhat retuse and apiculate, 5 cm. wide, sub- entire, green, concolorous, glabrous above, inconspicuously pale- lepidote beneath; scape 3 cm. long, 4 mm. in diameter ; scape-bracts suborbicular, 15 mm. long, thin, densely lepidote ; inflorescence simple, few-flowered, less than 3 cm. in diameter ; outer bracts broadly ovate, acute, nearly equaling the sepals, thin, lepidote toward the apex; floral bracts lance-linear, flat, rounded and apiculate, slightly exceeded by the sepals, thin, sparsely lepidote; pedicels 5 mm. long; sepals lance-linear, acute, slightly asymmetric, 30 mm. long, connate for 8 mm., glabrous; only immature petals and stamens known; ovary subcylindric, 2 cm. long.
Type in the Instituto de Botanica, Sao Paulo, No. 55355, collected at Fazenda
Japuhyba, Angra dos Reis, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, by Moysés Kuhlmann (No. 2652).
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 29
Neoregelia leprosa L. B. Smith, sp. nov. FIGURE 57
A N. macahensis (Ule) L. B. Smith, cui affinis foliis angustioribus lepidibus magnis pallidis adpressis densissime obtectis, pedicellis brevioribus differt.
Leaves all alike, to 22 cm. long, covered on both sides with coarse cinereous appressed scales, sheaths broadly elliptic, 6-8 cm. long, their scales with brownish centers, blades ligulate, rounded and apicu- late, becoming broadly retuse by the reflexing of the apex, 28 mm. wide, subdensely serrulate with teeth less than 1 mm. long, green, darker beneath; scape unknown; inflorescence simple, about 20- flowered ; outer bracts broadly ovate, 3 cm. long, thin, lepidote ; floral bracts exceeded by the sepals, membranaceous, lepidote; pedicels slender, to 13 mm. long; sepals strongly asymmetric with the acumi- nate apex extending 3 mm. above the wings, subfree, 14 mm. long, the median part red-purple and lepidote toward the apex, the wings white ; petals 18 mm. long, white, their blades broadly ovate, acute; ovary ellipsoid, 7 mm. long.
Type in the Gray Herbarium, collected on the Serra do Cipd, State of Minas
Gerais, Brazil, July 13, 1940, by M. B. & R. Foster (No. 656). Duplicate in U. S. National Herbarium.
Neoregelia macrosepala L. B. Smith, sp. nov. FIGuRE 61
A N. farinosa (Ule) L. B. Smith, cui verisimiliter affinis, vaginis foliorium angustioribus, purpureo suffultis, sepalis majoribus paulo asymmetricis lepidotis differt.
Propagating by short, ascending stolons; leaves about 15 in a spreading rosette, 50-85 cm. long, coarsely pale-lepidote on both sides, sheaths elliptic, 12-20 cm. long, tinged with purple, blades ligulate, rounded and apiculate, 4o-45 mm. wide, laxly serrulate with basal teeth 2 mm. long; scape short; scape-bracts densely imbricate; in- florescence many-flowered, 6 cm. in diameter; outer bracts ovate, acute, thin, densely lepidote; floral bracts lanceolate, to 7 cm. long, nearly or quite equaling the sepals, straight; pedicels slender, to 30 mm. long; sepals slightly asymmetric with inconspicuous wings, lanceolate, acuminate, 38 mm. long, connate for 2 mm., sparsely lepidote becoming glabrous ; ovary ellipsoid, 12 mm. long.
Type in the Gray Herbarium, collected at Cachoeiro de Itapemirim, State of Espirito Santo, Brazil, Aug. 17, 1940, by M. B. & R. Foster (No. 968). Dupli- cate in U. S. National Herbarium.
ADDITIONAL SPECIMEN EXAMINED:
Espirito SANTo: Vargem Alta, Aug. 15, 1940, M. B. & R. Foster 929 (GH).
30 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
Neoregelia melanodonta L. B. Smith, sp. nov. Ficure 66
A N. zonata L. B. Smith, cui affinis, stolonibus robustis, foliorum laminis brevibus latisque regulariter minuteque albido zonatis, brac- teis florigeris amplis cuspidatis differt.
Caudex 35 mm. in diameter (! Foster) ; leaves many, 15-20 cm. long, pale-lepidote on both sides, the sheaths broadly elliptic, about as long as the blades and slightly darker, blades broadly ligulate, rounded and apiculate becoming retuse by the recession of the apex, 5 cm. wide, sparingly dark-spotted, laxly serrate with black teeth 1.5 mm. long, very regularly and finely marked beneath with white cross-lines ; scape very short; inflorescence few-flowered, fusiform, 1 cm. in di- ameter ; outer bracts ovate, cuspidate-acute, serrulate, densely lepidote ; floral bracts like the outer bracts but narrower, nearly equaling the sepals; pedicels slender, 20 mm. long; sepals definitely asymmetric, elliptic with an involute-subulate apex, 23 mm. long, connate for 2 mm.; petals light blue (! Foster) ; ovary ellipsoid, 14 mm. long.
Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 2057905, collected at Cuibica, . State of Espirito Santo, Brazil, Aug. 14, 1940 (bloomed in cultivation October 1952), by M. B. & R. Foster (No. 897).
Neoregelia myrmecophila (Ule) L. B. Smith, comb. nov.
Nidularium myrmecophilum Ule, Verh. Bot. Ver. Brand. 48: 132. 1907.
Neoregelia oligantha L. B. Smith, sp. nov. FIGURE 62
A N. cruenta (R. Graham) L. B. Smith, cui affinis, omnibus parti- bus minoribus, inflorescentia pauciflora, sepalis paulo asymmetricis differt.
Propagating by short ascending stolons; leaves few, 26 cm. long, covered on both sides with pale coarse appressed scales but becoming glabrous above in extreme age, sheaths broadly elliptic, 10 cm. long, blades ligulate, rounded and apiculate, 23 mm. wide, laxly serrulate with strongly uncinate teeth about 1 mm. long; scape very short; in- florescence few-flowered, about 2 cm. in diameter; bracts thin, old and poorly preserved in the only specimen seen; pedicels slender, 12 mm. long; sepals slightly asymmetric, lanceolate, acute, 23 mm. long, connate for 1.5 mm.; ovary ellipsoid, 8 mm. long.
Type in the Gray Herbarium, collected in the Parque Nacional, Ipatinga on
the Rio Doce, Municipio of Antonio Dias, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, July 26, 1940, by M. B. & R. Foster (No. 742).
No. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 31
Neoregelia pauciflora L. B. Smith, sp. nov. FIGURE 65
A N. zonata L. B. Smith, cui affinis, foliorum vaginis intus atro- purpureis, laminis brevibus supra regulariter transverseque albido lineatis, bracteis florigeris brevissimis differt.
Stolons elongate, slender, horizontal ; leaves about 12, 15 cm. long, minutely and sparsely lepidote on both sides, sheaths elliptic, as long as or longer than the blades, dark purple above, blades broadly ligulate, rounded and apiculate, 35 mm. wide, laxly serrulate with dark teeth 1 mm. long, marked above with fine regular white cross- lines; scape very short; inflorescence fusiform, few-flowered, less than 2 cm. in diameter ; floral bracts shorter than the pedicels, ovate, acute, membranaceous; pedicels slender, 25 mm. long; sepals slightly asymmetric, narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, 20 mm. long, connate for I mm.; petals 35 mm. long, white (! Foster) ; ovary slenderly ellip- soid, 7 mm. long.
Type in the Gray Herbarium, collected at Santa Teresa, State of Espirito Santo, Brazil, altitude 765 meters, July 26, 1939, by M. B. & R. Foster (No. 265).
Neoregelia princeps (Baker) L. B. Smith, var. phyllanthidea (Mez) L. B. Smith, comb. nov.
Aregelia princeps var. phyllanthidea Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9: 76. 1896.
Neoregelia uleana L. B. Smith, sp. nov. FIGURE 59
A N. leucophoea (Baker) L. B. Smith, cui affinis, foliorum laminis angustioribus acutis et subulato-mucronatis differt.
Leaves 32 cm. long, bearing dark brown appressed scales, the sheaths broadly elliptic, 10 cm. long, densely lepidote, dark castaneous except for the pale apex, the blades ligulate, acute with a subulate 5 mm. long mucro, 3 cm. wide, apparently concolorous, densely lepidote beneath, becoming glabrous above, laxly serrate with black ascending teeth 2 mm. long; scape 8 cm. long, 2 cm. in diameter ; scape-bracts very broadly ovate with a short triangular apex, thin, densely lepidote, the lowest serrate; inflorescence simple, many- flowered, 6 cm. in diameter; outer bracts like the scape-bracts, the highest nearly equaling the sepals; floral bracts linear, slightly ex- ceeded by the sepals, cucullate, mucronulate, thin, densely brown- lepidote toward the apex ; pedicels slender, 25 mm. long ; sepals lanceo- late, acute, somewhat asymmetric, 34 mm. long, connate for 5 mm., brown-lepidote inside, glabrous outside; only very immature petals and stamens seen; ovary ellipsoid, 18 mm. long.
Type in the Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, No. 46406, collected from culti- vated material in the gardens of the Museu, May 1806, by E. Ule.
32 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
There is no record of the origin of Neoregelia uleana nor of N. leucophoea which appears to be its nearest relative.
Nidularium apiculatum L. B. Smith, sp. nov. FIGURE 77
A N. terminale Ule, cui affinis, foliis multo minoribus angustiori- busque, scapo humile differt.
Propagating by short basal offshoots; leaves about 15 in a flat rosette, to 33 cm. long, sheaths elliptic, to cm. long, sparsely pale- lepidote, blades ligulate, broadly acute and apiculate, 27 mm. wide, glabrous at maturity, laxly serrulate with teeth 0.5 mm. long, bearing a broad pale median channel toward the base; scape 10 cm. high, distinctly separating the inflorescence from the rosette; scape-bracts foliaceous but much reduced, densely imbricate; outer bracts of the inflorescence subfoliaceous with elongate spreading blades, red-striate ; floral bracts oblong, acute, much exceeded by the sepals, serrulate, membranaceous, lepidote; sepals 18 mm. long, connate for 7 mm., the free lobes elliptic, broadly rounded and apiculate at least in drying, entire; petals and stamens unknown.
Type in the Gray Herbarium, collected under trees, Mount Itatiaia, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, June 30, 1939, by M. B. & R. Foster (No. 124).
Nidularium apiculatum L. B. Smith var. serrulatum L. B. Smith, var. nov.
Differt sepalis dense serrulatis. Differing from the typical variety by its densely serrulate sepals.
Type in the Gray Herbarium, collected on rocks in shade, Mount Itatiaia, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, June 30, 1939, by M. B. & R. Foster (No. 121).
Nidularium innocentii Lem. var. lineatum (Mez) L. B. Smith, comb. nov.
Nidularium lineatum Mez, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 12: 412. 1913.
Nidularium itatiaiae L. B. Smith, sp. nov. FicurE 76
A N. longifloro Ule et N. paucifloro Ule, cuibus affinis, sepalis minoribus altiore connatis late rotundatis mucronulatisque differt.
Leaves rosulate, to 31 cm. long, coarsely appressed-lepidote be- neath, sheaths broadly elliptic, 12 cm. long, blades ligulate, broadly acute and apiculate, 35 mm. wide, laxly serrulate with teeth less than 1 mm. long, glabrous above at maturity; scape 9 cm. long; scape- bracts subfoliaceous, densely imbricate; outer bracts of the inflores- cence broadly ovate with minute blades, red, serrulate, lepidote ; floral bracts elliptic, acute, 25 mm. long, membranaceous, serrulate, densely and coarsely appressed-lepidote; sepals 17 mm. long, connate for
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 33
8 mm., the free lobes broadly ovate, mucronulate, entire or erose; petals and stamens unknown. Type in the Gray Herbarium, collected on trees near Maromba Falls, Mount
Itatiaia, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, June 30, 1939, by M. B. & R. Foster (No. 118).
Orthophytum amoenum (Ule) L. B. Smith, comb. nov. Sincoraea amoena Ule, Bot. Jahrb. 42: 191, fig. r A-F. 1908.
Orthophytum disjunctum L. B. Smith, sp. nov. Ficure 85
A O. folioso L. B. Smith, cui affinis, foliis utrinque lepidibus pa- tentibus obtectis, inflorescentia fere omnino laxa, bracteis primariis spicas subduplo superantibus dense serratis differt.
Stoloniferous, aggregated, 35-50 cm. high; leaves 15-17 cm. long, covered with pale-cinereous spreading scales, sheaths small and incon- spicuous, blades narrowly triangular, acuminate, 17-20 mm. wide, flat, densely serrate with spreading teeth 3 mm. long; scape erect, slender, densely cinereous-flocculose; scape-bracts foliaceous but spreading and almost completely exposing it; inflorescence elongate, lax except for the extreme apex, densely cinereous-flocculose ; pri- mary bracts foliaceous but only about twice as long as the axillary spikes, curving-reflexed; spikes subglobose, 15-20 mm. long, few- flowered ; floral bracts broadly ovate with an acuminate recurved apex, 13 mm. long, pectinate-serrate; sepals narrowly triangular, II mm. long; petals 12 mm. long, white, the scales borne well above the base.
Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1952419, collected on rocks at Queimada, between Campina Grande and Caruaru, State of Paraiba, Brazil,
altitude 450 meters, Oct. 11, 1948, by M. B. Foster (No. 2419). ADDITIONAL SPECIMEN EXAMINED:
PERNAMBUCO: Mun. Quipapa: Engenheiro Pelada, Silva & Leal 247 (RB).
Orthophytum maracasense L. B. Smith, sp. nov. Ficure 84
A O. folioso L. B. Smith, cui affinis, foliis utrinque lepidibus ad- pressis obtectis, bracteis primariis superioribus spicas subduplo super- antibus differt.
Caudex short and thick but evident; flowering plant 3 dm. high; leaves 3 dm. long, covered with white appressed scales but becoming more or less glabrous above with age, sheaths small and inconspicuous, blades narrowly triangular, acuminate, 3 cm. wide, laxly serrate with spreading teeth 3 mm. long; scape erect, white-flocculose; scape-
34 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
bracts foliaceous, large, spreading and exposing most of the scape; inflorescence densely cylindric except at base, 13 cm. long, densely white-lepidote ; primary bracts foliaceous, spreading, the lowest elon- gate, the others not more than twice as long as the axillary spikes; spikes subglobose, 3 cm. long; floral bracts broadly ovate with an acuminate spreading or recurving apex, 2 cm. long, pectinate-serrate ; sepals narrowly triangular, acuminate, 15 mm. long; petals slightly exceeding the sepals, white, appendaged well above the base.
Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1952463, collected in Table Rock
area near Maracas, State of Baia, Brazil, altitude 900 meters, Oct. 21, 1948, by M. B. Foster (No. 2471).
Orthophytum navioides (L. B. Smith) L. B. Smith, comb. nov.
Cryptanthopsis navioides L, B. Smith, Contr. Gray Herb. 129: 31, pl. 3, figs. 4-6. 1940.
Orthophytum rubrum L. B. Smith, sp. nov. Ficure 83
Ab omnibus speciebus adhuc cognitis inflorescentia digitata, spicis elongatis rubris differt.
Leaves numerous, 55 cm. long, covered at first with white ap- pressed scales, the sheaths suborbicular, 2-3 cm. long, pale brown, becoming glabrous and lustrous, the blades linear-triangular, caudate- acuminate, 2 cm. wide, laxly serrate with pale ascending spines 2 mm. long, becoming glabrous above; scape elongate; scape-bracts folia- ceous, spreading; inflorescence digitate from a few spikes; primary bracts foliaceous, about twice as long as the spikes, spreading ; spikes ellipsoid, densely many-flowered, 4 cm. long, 25 mm. in diameter, red; floral bracts divergent, broadly ovate, acuminate, 2 cm. long, serrate, nerved, soon glabrous; sepals triangular, mucronulate, 12 mm. long, the posterior ones very broadly alate-carinate; petals 15 mm. long, white, appendaged well above the base ; stamens included ; ovary subglobose.
Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 2057911, collected on Table Rock,
near Maracas, State of Baia, Brazil, in 1948, by M. B. Foster (No. 2444), and flowered in cultivation in 1952.
Orthophytum saxicola (Ule) L. B. Smith, comb. nov. Cryptanthopsis saxicola Ule, Bot. Jahrb. 42: 193, fig. 1 G-K. 1908.
Quesnelia edmundoi L. B. Smith, sp. nov. FIGURE I13
A Q. laterale Wawra atque Q. blanda (Schott) Mez, quibus affinis, foliis grosse subdenseque serratis, inflorescentia cylindrica magna, bracteis florigeris cucullatis subcoriaceis differt.
No. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—-SMITH 35
Known only from fragments, the flowering shoot over 4 dm. high ; leaves 4-5 dm. long, bearing appressed brown scales throughout, the sheaths elliptic, ample, the blades ligulate, rounded and apiculate, 4 cm. wide, subdensely serrate with straight or slightly curved spines 4 mm. long ; scape straight, 6 mm. in diameter, brown-lepidote ; inflorescence strobilate, cylindric, 15 cm. long, 3 cm. in diameter; floral bracts in about 8 ranks, erect, broadly ovate, acute, cucullate, 25 mm. long, slightly exceeding the sepals, subcoriaceous except for the thin narrow margins, glabrous, nerved toward the apex; sepals oblong, slightly asymmetric, broadly obtuse, 14 mm. long; petals and stamens un- known; ovary globose, epigynous tube infundibuliform, 2 mm. long, ovules borne at the top of the cell.
Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 2121556, collected at Barreiras, Baixada Fluminensis, at the base of the Serra de Teresdpolis, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Dec. 8, 1948, by Edmundo Pereira and A. P. Duarte (No. 1522). Duplicate in the herbarium of the Jardim Botanico do Rio de Janeiro (No. 65289).
Vriesia segadas-viannae L. B. Smith, sp. nov. FIGURE 40
A V. penduliflora L. B. Smith, cui affinis, ramis inflorescentiae prophyllatis, bracteis florigeris quam sepalis subduplo brevioribus differt.
Stemless, 8 dm. high; leaves 4 dm. long, finely and densely brown- lepidote throughout, the sheaths elliptic, 16 cm. long, very dark castaneous except near the apex, the blades ligulate, acute, 45 mm. wide ; scape erect, slender, glabrous ; scape-bracts ovate, acute, slightly exceeding the internodes ; inflorescence bipinnate, 3 dm. long, glabrous at least with age; primary bracts like the scape-bracts, about equaling the sterile bases of the branches; branches erect or suberect, very slender, the lateral ones g cm. long including the abortive apical flower, 3-4-flowered, the terminal 7-flowered, the sterile base short and bearing one or two prophyllae; floral bracts becoming down- wardly secund with the flowers, broadly ovate, acute, carinate, thin, about half as long as the sepals; pedicels obconic, 8 mm. long; sepals oblong, obtuse, 20 mm. long; petals and stamens unknown; capsule cylindric, acute, 3 cm. long, coma pale brown.
Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 2120196, collected at Palacio, Serra do Cipé, Municipio Jaboticatubas, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, altitude 1,200 meters, Apr. 28, 1952, by L. B. Smith (No. 6755), F. Segadas-Vianna, L. Dau & W. T. Ormond.
36 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
Vriesia splendens (Brongn.) Lem. var. longibracteata (Baker) L. B. Smith, comb. nov.
Tillandsia longibracteata Baker, Journ. Bot. 26: 81. 1888. Vriesia longibracteata Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9: 568. 1896.
Type Locaity: Venezuela; Mountains of Tovar. Type collected by Fendler (No. 2449). DistRIBUTION : Tobago, Trinidad, Venezuela, British Guiana.
Vriesia splendens var. longibracteata can be said to differ from the typical variety only in its concolorous leaf-blades, yet its different range makes a designation for it desirable.
Wittrockia azurea L. B. Smith, n. sp. FIGURE 90
Ab omnibus speciebus adhuc cognitis sepalis minimis, petalis azureis differt.
Flowering shoot 2 dm. high; leaves rosulate, 4 dm. long, green with a pale median band, obscurely pale-lepidote, the sheaths elliptic, 8 cm. long, entire except near the apex, the blades linear, acuminate, con- tracted toward the base, 13 mm. wide, laxly serrulate; scape erect, slender, much exceeding the leaf-sheaths, covered and much exceeded by the foliaceous bracts ; inflorescence compact, few-flowered, less than 3 cm. in diameter; primary bracts subfoliaceous, elongate, forming a stellate involucre about the inflorescence ; floral bracts oblong, obtuse, about equaling the center of the sepals, densely serrulate, membrana- ceous, lepidote ; sepals oblong, obtuse, 12 mm. long, connate for 3 mm., thin, glabrous, nerved ; petals 15 mm. long, bearing 2 fimbriate scales at base, the free lobes elliptic, obtuse, cucullate, blue; stamens in- cluded; ovary obconic, 6 mm. long, epigynous tube 1.5 mm. long, placentae central, ovules apiculate.
Type in the herbarium of the Instituto de Botanica, Sao Paulo, No. 51968,
collected in virgin rain forest, Fazenda da Companhia, Coronél Pacheco, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, Aug. 30, 1944, by Ezechias P. Heringer (No. 1536).
Wittrockia campos-portoi L. B. Smith, sp. nov. Ficure 89
A W. smithii Reitz, cui affinis, foliis viridibus, scapo elongato, in- florescentiae bracteis primariis angustis, petalis callosis apice flavis differt.
Leaves rosulate; scape elongate; raising the compact involucrate inflorescence well above the leaf-sheaths ; primary bracts 14 cm. long, obscurely pale-lepidote, the sheaths ovate, ample, concealing all but the apices of the few flowers in each axil, the blades linear, acuminate, 15 mm. wide, reddish, laxly and minutely serrulate; floral bracts
No. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 37
broadly ovate, subacute, 2 cm. long, entire, membranaceous, white ; sepals 28 mm. long, connate for 7 mm., the free lobes lanceolate, acute but not pungent, subsymmetric, green; petals 5 cm. long, highly con- nate, the free lobes 15 mm. long, elliptic, obtuse, cucullate, yellow, the tube green and white, bearing calli above the base; stamens included ; ovary globose, 6 mm. long, epigynous tube lacking, placentae central.
Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 2104774, collected from cultivated
material received from the Jardim Botanico do Rio de Janeiro, by L. B. Smith. Duplicate in the Herbario “Barbosa Rodrigues.”
SYSTEMATIC TREATMENT
CHARACTERS OF THE FAMILY
Herbs or rarely shrubby perennials, largely epiphytic. Roots usually present, but often serving merely as holdfasts in the epiphytic species. Leaves spirally arranged, usually rosulate, dilated-sheathing at the base, simple, entire or spinose-serrate, bearing peltate scales at least when young, and these serving to absorb moisture. Inflorescence simple or compound, of spikes or racemes, usually bearing brightly colored conspicuous bracts. Flowers perfect or sometimes func- tionally unisexual, that is with both stamens and pistil but only one functional, rarely strictly staminate (Cryptanthus). Perianth hetero- chlamydeous, the sepals and petals free or connate. Stamens 6 in 2 series; filaments free, or joined to the petals or to each other. Styles 3-parted. Ovary superior to inferior, 3-celled. Placentae axile, extending the length of the cell or variously reduced. Fruit capsular or baccate. Seeds naked, winged, or plumose. Embryo small, situated at the base of the copious mealy endosperm.
KEY TO SUBFAMILIES AND GENERA
1. Seeds variously appendaged (naked in Navia, but the ovary superior and the fruit dehiscent); ovary wholly or in part superior (wholly inferior in Pitcairnia anomala) ; fruit a capsule (but indehiscent in a few species of Pitcairnia).
2. Seeds with entire appendages, not plumose; ovary usually wholly or in part superior; leaves often spinose-serrate; plants almost always POMROCUE SAV. icnivicisaveieia pb oe ssw ce’ <sia/uelaterate Subfamily 1. Pitcairnioideae
2. Seeds plumose; ovary nearly or quite superior (in the Brazilian genera) ; leaves always entire; plants chiefly epiphytic.
Subfamily 2. Tillandsioideae
1. Seeds always naked; ovary wholly or in very large part (Acanthostachys) inferior; fruit always baccate, fleshy to coriaceous; leaves usually spinose- serrate; plants often epiphytic............. Subfamily 3. Bromelioideae
38 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
Subfamily 1. PITCAIRNIOIDEAE
1. Seeds appendaged; sepals convolute with the left side of each overlapping the right of the next one (except in Brocchinia). 2. Petals free; filaments not forming a tube; flowers always perfect. 3. Ovary wholly superior. 4. Petals naked; herbs. 5. Seeds broad, with a wing surrounding at least three sides; plants usually large and coarse. 6. Petals broad, much more conspicuous than the sepals, strongly twisted together after anthesis; seed-wing little if at all pro-
duced. (iim ierecntarmetie: piescttarccs cence mae 1. Puya 6. Petals narrow, inconspicuous; seed-wing produced dorsally. (Figs. Fe Te PPP Rete Sf oh i Ot rene ie a 2. Encholirium
5. Seeds narrow, caudate-appendaged or apiculate at each pole; petals not twisted together after anthesis. 7. Seeds or ovules merely apiculate; placentae basal. (Fig. 4.) 3. Cottendorfia 7. Seeds long-caudate; placentae usually extending almost the height
of the cell. 8. Petals white, separate after anthesis; sepals not over 5 mm. long, thin, flat; plants slender. (Fig. 5.)..... 4. Lindmania
8. Petals brightly colored, more or less massed together after anthesis but not twisted; sepals larger and firmer; plants relatively robust (GEIS. Gives doce ccencaciens 5. Connellia
4. Petals each bearing a single large scale near the base; spreading shrubs; scape with a definite cambium layer; inflorescence panicu- ate. (Pigs 7.) Uist tamete alee ’s ws ebieie os 6. Deuterocohnia
3. Ovary at least partly inferior.
9g. Flowers large and conspicuous, usually zygomorphic; petals often
appendaged, several times as long as the ovary; ovules numerous.
(Bigs. STi. )icsiclce pein eee ee bie oo) oles wo nigere wie 7. Pitcairnia 9. Flowers minute, regular; petals naked, usually shorter than the ovary; ovules: few. (Figs 122) facade ere ress ces ane an ne 8. Brocchinia
2. Petals joined centrally to a tube formed by the bases of the filaments but their margins free, yellow or orange; flowers sometimes with one sex
aborted; seeds winged. (BIgs: 13-20 Qi cervecedeeccecncws 9. Dyckia 1. Seeds naked; sepals cochlear with both posterior ones overlapping the anterio®:: (( Fig 21.) dc dos fee See Ee eines © Saw eAN elt sje 10. Navia
Subfamily 2. TILLANDSIOIDEAE
1. Appendage of the seed basal, straight at maturity. (Fig. 22.)
2. Petals free or slightly joined, the corolla-tube then deeply included in the calyx.
3. Petals naked; inflorescence of one or more distichous-flowered spikes or rarely simple and polystichous or even one-flowered. (Figs. 22-30.) 11. Tillandsia 3. Petals each bearing two scales (or very rarely a single one) on the mrier face:) (Pigs. 91-48)iiizcamesueen en nee na enaneg cs 12. Vriesia
No. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 39
2. Petals joined or closely agglutinated and simulating true fusion, the corolla-tube about equaling the calyx or longer; flowers always poly-
BECOME, CHIP AU RO a a ciaele.s dea 4 a's 050s cin go ae 13. Guzmania 1. Appendage of the seed apical, folded at maturity; sepals strongly asymmetric in most species; flowers polystichous. (Fig. 50.)........... 14. Catopsis
Subfamily 3. BROMELIOIDEAE
1. Petals naked; flowers never in strobilate spikes. 2. Filaments not forming a tube; petals free or connate by their margins. 3. Inflorescence elongate or if short (some species of Streptocalyx) then the flowers distichous ; petals free. 4. The inflorescence simple, lax; flowers pedicellate. (Fig. 51.) 15. Fernseea 4. The inflorescence compound; flowers pedicellate or sessile. 5. Sepals not more than 3 mm. long; flowers minute, sessile or pedicel-
lateovulesstews.\ (Pig? 52°). 3)... as aseooenee 16. Araeococcus 5. Sepals 8-23 mm. long; flowers larger, sessile; ovules numerous. CUR TEASE A ASIC Th) ata EOD ed cet th 17. Streptocalyx
3. Inflorescence densely capitate or capitiform, often involucrate; flowers never distichous; petals free or connate by their margins. 6. Flowers on slender pedicels; inflorescence involucrate, sunk in the
center of the rosette; petal-blades spreading, acute. (Figs. 55-66.)
18. Neoregelia 6. Flowers sessile or subsessile. 7. Epigynous tube very short or lacking.
8. Petals thin, widely spreading, obtuse, white or rarely yellow; bracts of the inflorescence foliaceous; usually some of the flowers unisexual. (Figs. 67-72.)........... 19. Cryptanthus >
8. Petals fleshy, erect or rarely spreading and acute; bracts of the inflorescence not foliaceous; flowers all perfect. (Figs. 73-77.)
20. Nidularium 7. Epigynous tube elongate; scape elongate, slender; inflorescence not iInvolucrate: ChIes 7S.) «sas vas mca cae aen selene 21. Andrea 2. Filaments forming a tube to which the fleshy petals are joined along their centers but with their margins free; inflorescence compound, many- flowered, sessile or scapose, globose or elongate. (Figs. 79-81.) 22. Bromelia 1. Petals appendaged or when rarely naked then the flowers strobilate. 9. Ovaries always remaining distinct; inflorescence compound or simple; sepals often mucronate. 10. Ovary in small part superior; scape naked; inflorescence simple, strobilate, pseudolateral. (Fig. 82.)........... 23. Acanthostachys 10. Ovary completely inferior. 11. Scape-bracts foliaceous or the scape lacking; sepals always free; epigynous tube very short or none. 12. Petal-scales well developed; sepals nearly or quite symmetric, 10-20 mm. long; inflorescence or its spikes few-flowered, small. MRM R SUS A=SS. ) vias x aiacdaieie x apeate ame een aw eee 24. Orthophytum
40 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
12. Petal-scales vestigial; sepals definitely asymmetric, 25-35 mm. long; inflorescence or its spikes many-flowered, 6-15 cm. in CiamMeter:-iapetercmtteteeteteealslatalcioarctsiwieuecoets state e nrenete 29. Aechmea
11. Scape-bracts distinct from the leaves, or if there is no evident scape (some species of Aechmea) then the sepals much connate; epigy- nous tube often large.
13. Inflorescence involucrate; sepals unarmed, nearly or quite free in most species.
14. Petals completely free. (Figs. 86, 87.)........ 25. Canistrum
14. Petals partially connate above the base but often free at the base and exposing the bases of the filaments of the first series. (Figs, 88-00.) crevice nn kieiye eitacele a.avcls aves 26. Wittrockia
13. Inflorescence not involucrate or if somewhat so then the sepals mucronate and much connate.
15. The inflorescence compound (simple in depauperate specimens of Hohenbergia littoralis) ; flowers in strobilate spikes, much compressed.
16. Epigynous tube very small or lacking; pollen-grains with 2 or 4 pores; CEGS9OT=08 isles scdistacds. ds 27. Hohenbergia 16. Epigynous tube well developed; pollen-grains with more than A pores: Cie meres ccs see Spee nese 28. Gravisia 15. The inflorescence simple or if compound then the flowers not in strobilate spikes. 17. Flowers sessile or if rarely pedicellate then the sepals free. 18. Sepals mucronate or pungent or if blunt then small and the ovules long-caudate. (Figs. 95-1II.)...... 29. Aechmea 18. Sepals unarmed or soft-apiculate. 19. Ovules numerous. 20. Petals regular, erect or suberect; pollen-grains with pores; flowers sessile. (Figs. 112-114.) 30. Quesnelia 20. Petals either zygomorphic or recurved in a spiral; dry pollen-grains usually with a single longitudinal fold; flowers sessile or pedicellate. (Figs. 115-123.) 31. Billbergia 19. Ovules few; flowers pedicellate, regular. (Fig. 124.) 32. Neoglaziovia 17. Flowers pedicellate; sepals connate; pollen-grains with more than 4: POLS in ee ip aires essa as lam, 9i0, olaia'e asa 33. Portea 9. Ovaries fused with each other and with the fleshy bracts to form a syncarp; inflorescence with an apical coma, simple; sepals never mucronate.
21. Inflorescence with a small inconspicuous coma, never producing basal shoots; plant propagating by elongate rhizomes; petals bearing vertical. folds,» CHig. 1026:)) fein erste = wleye <u sao! 34. Pseudananas
21. Inflorescence with a large conspicuous coma, often with basal shoots; rhizomes lacking; petals usually bearing well developed scales (Figs. POP. (NDS: ) 56 rs aad wiacaie TU etic ala\avale ile wrelates 35. Ananas
No. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 4I
1. Puya Molina Puya Molina, Saggio Chile 160, 351. 1782.
Principally Andean with outlying species in Costa Rica, Guiana, and northwestern Argentina.
1. Puya floccosa (Linden) E. Morr. Belg. Hortic. 35:81. 1885. Ficure 1. Pourretia floccosa Linden, Catal. 1853 ex Bot. Zeitung 11:718. 1853. Pitcairnia floccosa Regel, Act. Hort. Petrop. 3:124. 1875.
Pitcairnia guyanensis Baker, Handb. Bromel. 120. 1880.
Rio Branco: Serra de Mairori, Rio Branco, Surumt, Ule 8371 (K (GH neg. 2550), MG, US).
ALso: VENEZUELA, COLOMBIA.
2. Encholirium Mart. ex Schult. £.
Encholirium Mart. ex Schult. f. in R. & S. Syst. 7, pt. 2: p. Ixviii, 1233. 1830. Endemic in northeastern Brazil.
1. Inflorescence usually compound with spreading more or less decurved branches, curving when simple; dorsal wing of the seed linear, elongate. 1. E. horridum 1. Inflorescence usually simple, erect and rigid, when compound the branches strict; dorsal wing of the seed subdeltoid, short. 2. Leaf-blades linear, 4 mm. wide, the spines longer than the width of the blade; plants less than 1 m. high. (Fig. 2.)........ 2. E. bradeanum 2. Leaf-blades narrowly triangular, several times wider than 4 mm., the spines relatively short; plants mostly 2 m. high or more. 3. Floral bracts short and narrow, much exceeded by the sepals. 4. Pedicels slender, 8-14 mm. long, usually longer than the floral bracts. PME SAD a dative eis bia'a)s vi s-<-a10's oc 6.614 wo tre ee 3. E. spectabile 4. Pedicels stout, 5-7 mm. long, shorter than the floral bracts. 4. E. hoehneanum 3. Floral bracts conspicuous, nearly equaling to exceeding the sepals. S local bracts Coarsely Serrate::.... 2s soa geeumen eae 5. E. glaziovii 5. Floral bracts obscurely serrulate or entire. 6. Sepals narrowly elliptic, nearly equaling the petals. 6. E. subsecundum 6. Sepals elliptic or oblong, much shorter than the petals. 7. Axis of the inflorescence completely hidden by the flowers; sepals POSTS mms ONT sicie-cs <ieleleel.e cetera 7. E. densiflorum 7. Axis of the inflorescence visible; sepals 6-7 mm. long. 8. E. rupestre
1. Encholirium horridum L. B. Smith, Contr. Gray Herb. 129: 32, pl. 3, figs. I-3. 1940.
Espirito Santo: Vitéria, Foster 193 (GH, type, US neg. 4209, 4210).
2. Encholirium bradeanum L. B. Smith, p. 26 and fig. 2.
Minas Gerats: Region of Diamantina, Smith & Brade 5652 (US, type).
42 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
3. Encholirium spectabile Mart. ex Schult. f. in R. & S. Syst. 7, pt. 2: 1233. 1830. FIGURE 3.
Dyckia spectabilis Baker, Handb. Bromel. 138. 1880.
Pravui: Oeiras, Gardner 2329 (BM, K (GH neg. 2548), NY).
CearA: Campo Grande, Dahlgren 896 (F). Cascavel, Dahlgren (GH). Humaita, Ducke (MG).
Paraisa: Campina Grande, Foster 2418 (US).
PERNAMBUCO: Mun. Caruaru: Carapotos, Caruaru, Pickel 4240 (IPA).
Lene “ns Genes
Fic. 1.—Puya floccosa: a, Section of leaf, X 1; b, branch of inflorescence, X %; ¢, sepal, X 1; d, seed, X 2. Fic. 2—Encholirium bradeanum: a, Habit, X 1/10; b, section of leaf, X13 c, flower and capsule, 1; d, seed, X 2.
Baia: Itumirim, Campos Porto (RB). Joazeiro, Martius 2483 (M, type); Rose & Russell 19770 (NY, US). Paulo Afonso Falls, Schery 505 (GH).
4. Encholirium hoehneanum L. B. Smith, Arquiv. Bot. Estado Sio Paulo nov. ser. 1: 100, fl. 112. 1943.
Baia: Jacobina, Foster 89 (GH, type; R).
5. Encholirium glaziovii Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3:505. 1894.
Minas Gerats: Glaziou 19918 (B, type, F neg. 11456).
6. Encholirium subsecundum (Baker) Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9: 540. 1806. Dyckia subsecunda Baker, Handb. Bromel. 135. 1880. Minas Gerais: Milho Verde, Saint-Hilaire E-496 (P, type, GH neg. 2095). Serra do Cipd, Foster 640 (GH, US). Mun. Jaboticatubas: Serra do Cipé,
No. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 43
6 km. north of Palacio, Smith & Mus. R 6881 (R, US). Chapeu de Sol, Serra do Cipé, Smith & Mus. R 7036 (R, US).
7. Encholirium densiflorum Ule, Bot. Jahrb. 42: 198. 1908.
Bafa: Tamburi Ule 7060 (B, type, F neg. 11455). Mun. Amargosa: Milagres, Foster 2474 (US).
8. Encholirium rupestre Ule, Bot. Jahrb. 42: 199. 1908.
Baia: Serra do Sao Ignacio, Ule 7223 (B, type, F neg. 11457).
Fic. 3. Fic. 4.
Fic. 3.—Encholirium spectabile: a, Habit (after M. B. Foster), X 1/40; b, section of leaf, & %4; c, flower (after Flora Brasiliensis), & 1; d, seed, X I.
Fic. 4.—Cottendorfia florida: a, Apex of leaf, X %; b, branch of inflorescence, X 4; c, flower, X 2.5; d, longitudinal section of ovary, X 5. (All after Flora Brasiliensis. )
3. Cottendorfia Schult. f.
Cottendorfia Schult. f. in R. & S. Syst. 7, pt. 2: p. Ixiv, 1193. 1830. A monotypic Brazilian endemic. 1. Cottendorfia florida Schult. f. in R. & S. Syst. 7, pt. 2: 1193. 1830. Ficure 4. Prauf: Southern part of state, Luetzelburg (! Mez). Paraisa: Piancd, Luetzelburg (! Mez).
Baia: Jeremoabo, Luetzelburg (! Mez). Serra do Sincora, Martius 1938 (M, type, F neg. 8629) ; Ule 7081 (K).
4. Lindmania Mez
Lindmania Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9: 535. 1806.
Southern México to Paraguay and northern Argentina. Chiefly Andean.
44 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
1. Inflorescence glabrous; flowers polystichous, spreading; leaf-blades broadest
At the base ccd asic sic'e ace nsvep te teeterede nese iecheon arevesa ce ore hata ene 1. L. guianensis
1. Inflorescence arachnoid; flowers secund, pendent; leaf-blades broadest at
the mlddle, «0s 23 ss ote mid Me aE ee aa die ow seis aceite 2. L. micrantha
1. Lindmania guianensis (Beer) Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9: 537. 1896. FIGURE 5.
Anoplophytum guianense Beer, Bromel. 44. 1857.
BraziL: Probable, but not yet recorded.
BriTisH GUIANA: Kaieteur, Maguire & Fanshawe 23158 (GH, NY, US). Berbice, upper Corentyne River, Rob. Schomburgk 20 (K, isotype, GH neg. 1396).
VENEZUELA: Southwest slope, Mount Roraima, Steyermark 58616 (F, GH).
2. Lindmania micrantha (Lindl.) L. B. Smith, Contr. Gray Herb. 104: 77.
1934. Pitcairnia micrantha Lindl. Bot. Reg. 29, Misc.: 44. 1843. Cottendorfia neogranatensis Baker, Handb. Bromel. 129. 1889. Lindmania neogranatensis Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9: 538. 1806. Lindmania flaccida Standley, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 13: 364. 1923.
Distrito FEDERAL: Rio de Janeiro, C. Smith (CGE, type). The only record for Brazil and a very dubious one because based on cultivated material.
Atso: SouTHERN MExIco, CENTRAL AMERICA.
5. Connellia N. E. Brown Connellia N. E. Brown, Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. II. 6:66. t1gor. Southern Venezuela.
1. Inflorescence compound with several flowers in the axil of each major
bract; leaf-blades glabrous on both sides................- 1. C. augustae
1. Inflorescence simple with a single flower in the axil of each bract; leaf- blades more or less lepidote on one side.
2. Leaf-blades stout, rigid, densely tomentose-lepidote above, soon glabrous
bedeath! (Fig. 6.) ou...2 eae meee eee ae slees cee 2. C. quelchii 2. Leaf-blades flaccid, glabrous above, obscurely lepidote beneath, margins White; promifient::./4..csiecaneeeiteteelae siete niaiciele.eie ales 3. C. caricifolia
1. Connellia augustae (Rich. Schomburgk) N. E. Brown, Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. II. 6: 66, pl. 13. 1901. Encholirium augustae Rich. Schomburgk, Verh. Preuss. Gartenb. Ver. 18: 130, pl. 2. 1847. Dyckia augustae Baker, Handb. Bromel. 135. 1880. Puya augustae Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9: 487. 18096. Brazit: Probable, but not yet recorded. VENEZUELA: Mount Roraima, McConnell & Quelch 670 (K); Schomburgk 687 (or 1021) (BM, K (GH neg. 1374) ) ; Steyermark 58883 (F, GH).
2. Connellia quelchii N. E. Brown, Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. II. 6:67, pl. 14. I90I. FicurE 6. Puya roraimae Mez, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 12: 417. 1913. Puya quelchiit L. B. Smith, Contr. Gray Herb. 89:7, 66. 1930. Brazit: Probable, but not yet recorded.
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 45
VENEZUELA: Mount Roraima, im Thurn 315 (BM, BRG, K, US) ; Luetzelburg 21567 (R) ; McConnell & Quelch 107 (K, type, GH neg. 1377) ; Steyermark 58818 (F, GH) ; Ule 8557 (B, type of Puya roraimae Mez (F neg. 11417), MG).
3. Connellia caricifolia L. B. Smith in Steyermark, Bot. Explor. Venezuela-I, Fieldiana, Bot. 28: 130, fig. 20 a—b. 1951.
Brazit: Probable, but not yet recorded.
VENEZUELA: Mount Roraima, Steyermark 58846 (F, type).
Fic. 5. ENG OF
Fic. 5.—Lindmania guianensis: a, Habit, X 1/10; b, section of inflorescence, X1; ¢, sepal, X 1; d, petal and stamen, <1; ¢, pistil, < 1.
Fic. 6.—Connellia quelchii: a, Leaf, X %; b, inflorescence, X 14; c, petal and stamen, X1; d, pistil, X1. (All after N. E. Brown.)
6. Deuterocohnia Mez Deuterocohnia Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 506. 1894.
Xerophytic shrubs. Slopes of the Andes in Pert, Bolivia, Argen- tina, and Chile, also in the basin of the Rio Paraguay in Brazil and Paraguay.
1. Deuterocohnia meziana O. Kuntze ex Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9: 465. 1896. FicuRE 7. Deuterocohnia paraguariensis Hassler, Ann. Consery. & Jard. Bot. Genéve 20: 298. I9gI9. Deuterocohnia divaricata Mez, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 16:9. 1910.
46 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
Mato Grosso: Corumba, Kuntze (NY, type); Hoehne in Rondon 3543 (R); Foster 1045 (GH, US); 1064 (GH). Aso: PARAGUAY.
7. Pitcairnia L’Hérit.
Pitcairnia L’Heérit. Sert. Angl. 7. 1788, nomen conservandum. Hepetis Sw. Prodr. 4, 56. 1788.
México and the West Indies to northern Argentina. One species in Africa. 1. Flowers and pedicels stout; floral bracts large, ample; ovary almost wholly superior; leaves entire, petiolate, 6-8 cm. wide. ........ 1. P. maidifolia 1. Flowers slender and usually the pedicels also (pedicels almost lacking in P. anomala) ; floral bracts usually small or narrow. 2. Fruit dehiscent; ovary at least half superior; inflorescence simple or compound. 3. Petals naked. 4. Inflorescence amply paniculate; leaf-blades narrowly triangular, not narrowed at the base. 5. Flowers deflexed-secund; sepals 30-37 mm. long....... 2. P. nuda 5. Flowers stiffly spreading in all directions; sepals 15-20 mm. long. 3. P. patentiflora 4. Inflorescence simple; leaf-blades often narrowed at the base. 6. Blades of all the leaves persistent. 7. Leaves with a distinct slender petiole........... 4. P. lancifolia 7. Leaves not petiolate, though often somewhat narrowed at the base. 8. Pedicels 3-5 mm. long, stout, sulcate; petals only a little longer than the sepals; flowers spreading..... 5. P. encholirioides 8. Pedicels 8-30 mm. long, slender, even; petals two to three times as long as the sepals. 9. Petals zygomorphic at least by position, not spirally recurving at anthesis. (Fig. 8.) 10. Base of the rosette not thickened; leaves not more than TS ems TOM pee terete tee eo ciclels vie ee h es 6. P. beycalema 10. Base of the rosette bulbous-thickened ; leaves usually much more than 15 cm. long. 11. Sepals distinctly carinate............00 7. P. carinata tr. Sepals ecarinate, (lig, 8.) 5 oa. ene sds 8. P. flammea 9. Petals regular, spirally recurving at anthesis. (Fig. 9.) 12, Rhachis of the inflorescence glabrous; sepals 15-18 mm.
long; petals white to yellow............. 9. P. albiflos 12. Rhachis of the inflorescence furfuraceous; sepals 19-22 mim. ‘lofig’s petals Sedversnet cede cess 10. P. staminea
6. Blades of the larger leaves deciduous along a straight transverse line. 13. Leaves serrate on the reduced blades and on the persistent re- mainder of the large blades................. 11. P. glaziovii £3. Leaves ‘all: entire, i... pose eee asses daw o's 12. P. decidua 3. Petals each bearing a single scale at base. 14. Leaf-blades narrow and elongate, never more than 22 mm. wide. 15. Inflorescence compound.
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 47
16. Inflorescence lax, its axes glabrous....... 13. P. anthericoides 16. Inflorescence dense, densely pale-flocculose. ........ 14. P. ulei 15. Inflorescence simple. 17. Sepals alate-carinate; leaves dimorphic, the larger ones with Seremiate MenOlesi Le. at yee 15. P. ensifolia 17. Sepals ecarinate. 18. Scape-bracts all exceeding the internodes; sepals acuminate ; BBE ANDER MM EATE RS hte Co ah 55's & bd ase’ e/a oseale ele eee 16. P. suaveolens 18. Scape-bracts shorter than the upper internodes; sepals broadly acute or obtuse. 19. Sepals not more than 15 mm. long; leaf-blades 5-8 mm. wide. 20. Leaves dimorphic, the blades of the larger ones deciduous ; BOSC ae 5 aac ve si ais a's, Soe alg A 17. P. torresiana 20. Leaves all alike, all persistent; petals white. 18. P. bradei 19. Sepals to 30 mm. long; leaf-blades 11-22 mm. wide. 21. Sepals obtuse; seeds caudate; leaf-blades 16-22 mm. wide. 19. P. subpetiolata 21. Sepals acute; seeds alate; leaf-blades 11 mm. wide. 20. P. platypetala 14. Leaf-blades lanceolate to elliptic-oblong, 3.5-18 cm. wide; seeds nar- rowly winged; species of the Amazon Basin. 22. Leaf-blades entire, broadly rounded and apiculate, to 18 cm. wide; scape-bracts all much shorter than the internodes. 21. P. undulata 22. Leaf-blades serrulate toward the apex, acuminate, not over 9 cm. wide; scape-bracts exceeding at least the upper internodes. 22. P. sprucei 2. Fruit indehiscent, pseudocapsular; inflorescence simple; species of the Amazon Basin. (Figs. 10, 11.) 23. Larger part of the ovary superior. (Fig. 10.) 24. Scape elongate, slender; inflorescence lax; pedicels 20 mm. long. 23. P. uaupensis 24. Scape very short or none; inflorescence dense; pedicels not more PETER 2 NITES STE a c.s «os won ole cas aieaementeany 24. P. aphelandriflora 23. Larger part or all of the ovary inferior. (Fig. 11.) 25. Ovary in small part superior; pedicels evident, slender. 26. Leaf-blades distinctly petiolate, 25-30 mm. wide, reddish-lepidote beneath; inflorescence subdensely many-flowered; pedicels 15-40 mm. long; sepals 22-26 mm. long........... 25. P. amazonica 26. Leaf-blades only slightly narrowed at base, 6-13 mm. wide, pale- lepidote beneath; inflorescence laxly few-flowered; pedicels 5- 10 mm. long; sepals 15 mm. long........... 26. P. caricifolia 25. Ovary wholly inferior; pedicels almost wholly lacking. 27. P. anomala
1. Pitcairnia maidifolia (C. Morr.) Dene. ex Planch. Fl. des Serres 9: I5I, pl. 915. 1854. Puya maidifolia C. Morr. Ann. Soc. Agr. Bot. Gand 5: 453, pl. 289. 1849. Puya funckiana Linden, Catal. 5:2. 1850. Pitcairnia funckiana A. Dietr. Allg. Gartenz. 19: 337. 1851.
48 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
Pitcairnia macrocalyx Hook. Bot. Mag. 79: pl. 4705. 1853. Pitcairnia zeifolia C. Koch & Sellow ex C. Koch, Ind. Sem. Hort. Berol. 1854. App.: 11. 1855. Pitcairnia oerstediana Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9: 448. 1896. BraziIL: Probable, but not yet recorded. BritisH GuIANA: Kaieteur, Maguire & Fanshawe 23411 (GH, NY). Aso: CENTRAL AMERICA, COLOMBIA, VENEZUELA.
2. Pitcairnia nuda Baker, Journ. Bot. 19: 269. 1881.
BraziL: Probable, but not yet recorded.
British GUIANA: Rupununi River, Appun 1582 (K, type, GH neg. 1389). Kanuku Mountains, A. C. Smith 3644 (GH, NY, US).
SurINAM: Tafelberg, Maguire 24460 (GH, NY).
3. Pitcairnia patentiflora L. B. Smith, Contr. Gray Herb. 127: 18, pl. 1, fig. 4. 1939.
Amazonas: Rio Igana, Serra de Tunui, Black 48-2815 (IAN, US).
Aso: COLOMBIA, VENEZUELA.
4. Pitcairnia lancifolia Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 447. 1804. Ee SEOAIS SE tin LOU: «,. a-alsie em eraee muita cies Coke 62s Var. a. lancifolia oe SSETALS 24 Tritit: TONE:: </avcpraretatnretb ete imete wie ioe «-diesais. « eiclaie apace Var. b. minor
4a. Pitcairnia lancifolia var. lancifolia. Rio DE JANEIRO: Serra dos Orgaos, Glaziow 3628 (BR, type).
4b. Pitcairnia lancifolia var. minor L. B. Smith, Bol. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro nov. ser. No. 15:4. 1952.
Rio DE JANEIRO: TeresOpolis, Sampaio 2444 (R, US neg. 3397).
Distrito FEDERAL: Serra da Tijuca, Brade (R, 46830, type, US neg. 3395).
5. Pitcairnia encholirioides L. B. Smith, Arquiv. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 10: 146, pl. 2, fig. 6. 1950. Rio DE JANEIRO: Mun. Santa Maria Madalena: Pedra das Flores, Santos Lima & Brade 13249 (RB, type, US neg. 4203).
6. Pitcairnia beycalema Beer, Bromel. 63. 1857. Pitcairnia muscosa sensu Hook. Bot. Mag. 80: fl. 4770. 1854. Not Mart.
Brazit: Described from cultivated material of unknown origin, Hb. Kunth (B, F neg. 11350).
Rio DE JANEIRO: Macaé, Riedel 865 in part (! Mez). Old road up the Serra to Petropolis, Smith & Mus. R 6493 (R, US).
7. Pitcairnia carinata Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 448. 1894.
Rio pE JANEIRO: Nova Friburgo, Glasiou 13256 (B, type, F neg. 11352). Mun. Santa Maria Madalena: Serra da Furquilha, Santos Lima & Brade 14180 (RB).
8. Pitcairnia fammea Lindl. Bot. Reg. 13: pl. 1092. 1827. 1. Leaves covered beneath with spreading scales, mostly 20-36 mm. wide. 2. Axis of the inflorescence glabrous, usually turning black on drying. Var. a. fammea 2. Axis of the inflorescence lepidote, usually remaining pale. Var. b. roezlii
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 49
1. Leaves glabrous or, if lepidote, always less than 20 mm. wide; inflorescence remaining pale. 3. Axis of the inflorescence glabrous; leaves glabrous.
4. Inflorescence lax, few-flowered................. Var. c. corcovadensis 4. Inflorescence dense, at least toward the apex, many-flowered.
eet GANS Ca liesatcimiats ela tcklela. a! svc, sin! ex's. 0) alan ¢ o:dare ee omens Var. d. glabrior
Sa tas MeN ORM ISI MUTE Cd Ais eho wise d’si's-« vie esse tlelstamanmiate Var. e. pallida
3. Axis of the inflorescence lepidote......5......s00eeees Var. f. floccosa
8a. Pitcairnia fammea var. fammea. Ficure 8.
? Tillandsia laevis Vell. Fl. Fluminensis 133. 1825; Icon. 3: pl. 126, 1835. Not Pitcairnia laevis Willd. 1830.
? Pitcairnia fulgens Poit. Rev. Hortic. 3:157. Jan. 1836; Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9: 430. 1896.
Pitcairnia morelii Lem. Hort. Univ. 7: 231, pl. 1846.
Pitcairnia laevis Beer, Bromel. 60. 1857. Not Willd. 1830.
Pitcairnia roezli sensu Baker, Bot. Mag. 117: pl. 7175. 1801. Not E. Morr.
c
Fic. 7. Fic. 8.
Fic. 7.—Deuterocohnia meziana: a, Habit (after M. B. Foster), X 1/40; b, flower, X1; c, sepal, 1; d, petal and stamen, X I. Fic. 8.—Pitcairnia flammea var. flammea: a, Habit, 1/10; b, flower (after Botanical Register), X %; c, sepal, & 1; d, petal, <I.
Brazit: Cultivated (K, basis of “Pitcairnia roeslit’ in Bot. Mag. pl. 7175). Cultivated, “Rivage” (G, basis of citation of Pitcairnia fulgens Poit. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9: 430).
Espirito SANTO: Cuibica, Foster 894 (GH). Domingos Martins, Foster 233 (GH).
50 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
Rio pE JANEIRO: Itatiaia, Brade 17171 (RB); Luiz 20 (RB); Foster 127 (GH); L. B. Smith 2311 (GH). Japuiba, Hoehne & Gehrt (SP). (Ju- turnaiba) Passarelli 105 (R); 112 (R). Nova Friburgo, Lutz 1339 (R). Serra dos Orgaos, Gardner 5896 (BM); Miers 2856 (BM); 4078 (BM). Petropolis, Goés & Constantino 23 (RB); Pabst 10080 (Pabst). Teres6- polis, Bailey 1292 (BH, GH); 1301 (BH).
Distrito FEDERAL: Cultivated in England, Harrison (CGE, type). Recreio dos Bandeirantes, Lutz 902 in part (R). Monte do Cochrane, L. B. Smith 1410 (GH). Pedra Dois Irmiaos, Rose & Russell 20242 (NY, US). Chacara do Fonseca, Occhioni (RB). Pedra da Gavea, Frazéo (RB); Reitz 4030 (HBR); Smith & Mus. R 6427 (R, US). Praia do Leblon, Hoehne (SP). Paineiras, Serra da Carioca, Pabst 10085 (Pabst). Avenida Niemeier, Freire & Vidal (R). Tijuca, L. B. Smith 2130 (GH); Ule 4692 in part (R). Restinga da Tijuca, Machado (RB).
SAo Pauto: Santos, Mosén 3246 (S). Ubatuba, Santos, Edwall (SP).
8b. Pitcairnia fammea var. roezlii (E. Morr.) L. B. Smith, Arquiv. Bot. Estado Sao Paulo nov. ser. 1: III. 1943. Pitcairnia roezlii E. Morr. Belg. Hortic. 35: 285, pls. 18, 19. 1885. Pitcairnia hypoleuca Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 458. 1804.
Brazi_: Freyreis (S). Cultivated in Liége, Belgium (LG, type).
Rio pe JANEIRO: Alto da Serra to Meio da Serra, L. B. Smith 2112 (GH). Meio da Serra, Smith & Brade 2292 (GH). Petropolis, Glaziou 16474 (P, cotype of Pitcairnia hypoleuca Mez, GH neg. 2065). Old road below Pe- tropolis, Smith & Mus. R. 6493a (R, US). Mun. Nova Friburgo: Teodoro de Oliveira to Nova Friburgo, Smith & Mus. R 6680a (R, US).
Distrito FEDERAL: Cachoeira, Siqueira (R). Rio de Janeiro, Widgren (S). Tijuca, Horta & Brade 14494 (RB).
8c. Pitcairnia fammea var. corcovadensis (Wawra) L. B. Smith, Arquiv. Bot. Estado Sao Paulo nov. ser. 1: 112. 1943. Pitcairnia corcovadensis Wawra, Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 12: 384. 1862. Rio DE JANEIRO: TeresOpolis, Brade 16295 (RB); Frazdo (RB). Mun. Santa Maria Madalena: Furquilha, Santos Lima 154 (RB, US neg. 3255). Distrito FEpERAL: Serra da Carioca, Brade 14380 (RB). Corcovado, Ule 4166 (R); Wawra I-s5o1 (W, type). Pedra da Gavea, Glaziou 12237 (K, GH neg. 2543); Smith & Mus. R 6429 (R, US). Estrada do Redentor, Oc- chioni 40 (RB). Rio de Janeiro, Widgren 76 (S). 8d. Pitcairnia Mammea var. glabrior L. B. Smith, Arquiv. Bot. Estado Sao Paulo noy. ser. I: I12, 1943. ? Pitcairnia cinnabarina A. Dietr. Allg. Gartenz. 18: 202. 1850. Brazit: Cultivated in Berlin (P, GH neg. 2967). Minas Gerais: Serra da Caparao, Brade 17127 (RB). Rio DE JANEIRO: Teresdpolis, Brade 9756 (R). Distrito FEDERAL: Tijuca, Glaziou 8021 (B (F neg. 11353), P). SAo Pauto: Alto da Serra, Hoehne (SP, type; GH). Alto dos Marins, Loef- gren (SP). Itapeva to Campos do Jordao, Eugenio 3444 (GH). ParAnA: Cadeado, Dusén 8834 (S, US); 11590 (S). Sao Joao, Serra do Mar, Dusén 7245 (S); 17299 (S, US). 8e. Pitcairnia fammea var. pallida L. B. Smith, Arquiv. Bot. Estado Sado Paulo nov. ser. 1: 112, pl. 115. 1943.
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 5I
Rio pE JANEIRO: Teresdpolis, Brade 9533 (R); Foster 1015 (GH, type) ; Sampaio 2903 (R).
8f, Pitcairnia fammea var. floccosa L. B. Smith, Arquiv. Bot. Estado Sao
Paulo nov. ser. 1: 112. 1943.
Pitcairnia muscosa Mart. in R. & S. Syst. 7, pt. 2: 1240. 1830.
Pitcairnia selloana Baker, Handb. Bromel. 100. 1889.
Pitcairnia dietrichiana Wittm. Bot. Jahrb. 13, Beibl. 29:15. 1891.
Pitcairnia pruinosa Mez in Mart. Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 3:454. 1804. Not H. B. K. 1816.
Pitcairnia claussenii Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 454. 1894.
Pitcairnia weddelliana Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9: 434. 1896. Not Baker 1889.
Pitcairnia minarum Mez in Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 32: 636. 1935.
Brazit: Sellow 1317 (B, type of Pitcairnia selloana Baker, F neg. 11381). Cultivated, Hort. Petrograd (G).
CearA: Serra do Araripe, Luetzelburg (! Mez). Quixada, Luetzelburg (! Mez).
Paraisa: Cajazeiras, Luetzelburg (! Mez). Pianco, Luetzelburg (! Mez).
Bafa: Central and northeastern parts of the state, Luetzelburg (! Mez).
Espiriro Santo: Mun. Castelo: Forno Grande, Brade 19992 (RB, US).
Minas Gerais: Claussen (K, isotype of Pitcairnia claussentti Mez, GH neg. 2573); 286 (BM). Regnell I-439 (S). Weddell 1556 (P, type of Pitcairnia weddelliana Mez, GH neg. 2079). Serra da Cachoeira do Campo, Glaziou 20524 (B, F neg. 11370). Caeté, Serra da Piedade, Martius 1236 (M, type of Pitcairnia muscosa Mart.). Serra de Caracol, Mosén 4434 (S).
Rio DE JANEIRO: (Fazenda da Rocinha, Pedra do Rio) Freire & Xavier 652 (R).
Sko Pauto: Atibaia, Foster 480 (GH, US); Ostemayer (SP, type). Pedra do Bat, Sao Bento do Sapucai, Eugenio 3905 (GH). Braganca Paulista, Pires (SP, US). Retiro de Laien, Cajurt, Regnell III-1252 (S, US). Itt, Santos, Hemmendorff 490 (S). Sorocaba, Santos, Mosén 2980 (S).
ParanA: Mun. Morretes: Pico Olimpo, Hatschbach 1758 (US).
Santa CATARINA: Morro do Bat, Itajai, Reitz C-2074 (HBR, US); 4596 (HBR); 5174 (! Reitz).
9. Pitcairnia albiflos Herb. Bot. Mag. 53: pl. 2642. 1826.
Rio DE JANEIRO: Niteroi, Glaziou 8023 (P); Foster 105 (GH).
Distrito FEDERAL: Regnell (S). Pedra Bonita, Brade 11912 (R). Lagoa Rodrigo de Freitas, Schwacke (R, US neg. 3304). Corcovado, Apparicio & Paulo 213 (RB); Widgren 215 (S). Morro da Viuva, Glaziou 3629 (P). Copacabana, Glaziou 17281 (P). Morro Flamengo, Miers (BM). Gavea, Guerra (RB); Smith & Mus. R 6428 (R, US). Morro do Grajau, Mello Filho 545 (R, US).
10. Pitcairnia staminea Lodd. Bot. Cab. 8: fl. 722. 1823. FicuRE 9. Pitcairnia canaliculata Baker, Handb. Bromel. 99. 1880. Pitcairnia longicauda Hornem. ex Mez in Mart. Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 445. 1894. Pitcairnia albiflos sensu Mez in Mart. Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 3: pl. 84. 1894. Pitcairnia staminea var. longicauda Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9: 439.
1896.
52 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
Baia: Salvador to Vitoria, Sellow bromel 41 (P, GH neg. 2968) ; Sellow 942 (BM). (Baia records unverified, probably from Espirito Santo.)
Epiriro SANTO: Vitoria, Foster 232 (GH, R).
Rio DE JANEIRO: Jurujuba, Glaziou 8022 (B, F neg. 11373).
Distrito FepERAL: Lay & Collie (BM); Weddell 515 (P). Morro da Babi- lonia, Hoehne 28 (SP, GH neg. 7162). Morro do Flamengo, Gardner 846 (BM); Miers (BM). Gavea, Frazdo (RB).
11. Pitcairnia glaziovii Baker, Handb. Bromel. 92. 18809. Rio DE JANEIRO: Serra dos Orgaos, Glaziou 17282 (K, type (GH neg. 2604), B (F neg. 11359) ).
12. Pitcairnia decidua L. B. Smith, Arquiv. Bot. Estado Sao Paulo nov. ser. 1: 110, pl. 1174. 1943. Espirito Santo: Cultivated, Reitz 5676 (HBR). Cuibica, Foster 893 (GH, type). Itabapoana, Mazzini in Hoehne (SP, US). Minas Gerais: Araponga, Bailey 1036 (GH).
13. Pitcairnia anthericoides Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 441. 1894. Distrito FEDERAL: Sao Cristovao, Glaziou 8024 (B, type, F neg. 11347); Hoehne 140 (SP); Ule (R).
14. Pitcairnia ulei L. B. Smith, Bol. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro nov. ser. No. 15:5, pl. 1, figs. h-j. 1952. GorAs: Corumba, Ule 788 (R, type, US neg. 3389). 15. Pitcairnia ensifolia Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 436, pl. 82. 1894. GorAs: Serra Dourada, Schott 2037 (W, type); Ule 511 (R, US neg. 3393) ; Ule 5900-A (R, US neg. 3396).
16. Pitcairnia suaveolens Lindl. Bot. Reg. 13: pl. 1069. 1827.
Minas Gerais: Saint-Hilaire B1 2026 (P).
Rio DE JANEIRO: R. Harrison (CGE, type). Serra dos Orgaos, Gardner 5895 (BM, K).
17. Pitcairnia torresiana L. B. Smith, Bol. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro nov. ser. No. 15:4, pl. 1, figs. f, g. 1952. Marto Grosso: H. Smith (R, type, US neg. 3398). Chapada, Hoehne in Rondon 3552, 3553 (R, US neg. 3392) ; Malme 1474-b (S).
18. Pitcairnia bradei Markgraf, Notizblatt 15: 215. 1940. Minas Gerais: Montes Claros, Markgraf, Brade & Mello Barreto 3918 (B, type; photo RB).
19. Pitcairnia subpetiolata Baker, Journ. Bot. 19: 267. 1881. Pitcairnia caldasiana Baker, Handb. Bromel. 100. 1889. Pitcairnia burchellu. Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 436. 1804. Pitcairnia sessiliflora Rusby, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 4: 457. 1907. AMAZONAS: Xavier 245 (US). Minas Gerats: Sabara, Hoehne in Rondon 6914 (R). Belo Horizonte, Sampaio 7153 (R). Caldas, Regnell III-1253 (S, US). Lagoa Santa, Warming 2174 (C, F neg. 22330). Mun. Ituiutaba: Carmo, Macedo 3215 (US). GorAs: Cavalcante to Conceicio, Burchell 8116 (K, type of Pitcairnia burchel- lit Mez, GH neg. 2569).
No. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 53
Mato Grosso: Ponte de Pedra, Hoehne in Rondon 2138 (R). Camizao, Foster 1077 (GH). Campo Grande, Foster 1096 (GH). Atso: Pert, Botivia.
20. Pitcairnia platypetala Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 438. 18904. BraziL: Peters (LE, type).
21. Pitcairnia undulata Scheidw. Allg. Gartenz. 10: 275. 1842. Amazonas (?): Cultivated, E. Morren (LG); Barry (GH).
22. Pitcairnia sprucei Baker, Journ. Bot. 19: 303. 1881.
Amazonas: Manaus, Spruce 1653 (K, type (GH neg. 2568), BR); Black 47-1150a (IAN, US); Ducke (MG); Krukoff 9123 (NY); Schwacke 4009 (! Mez); Ule (! Mez). Sao Paulo de Olivenca, Krukoff 9026 (NY).
Aso: PERU.
Pre.70; Fic. 10.
Fic. 9.—Pitcairnia staminea: a, Habit (after Botanical Cabinet), > 1/40; b, apex of leaf, X14; c, inflorescence, X 1%. (b and c, after Botanical Magazine. )
Fic. 10.—Pitcairnia uaupensis: a, Flower, X %; b, flower with fruit, * 4; c, sepal, X 1; d, petal, X 1; e, seed, X 5.
23. Pitcairnia uaupensis Baker, Handb. Bromel. 93. 1889. FicurRE 10.
Amazonas: Foster 1134 (GH). Rio Uaupés, Spruce 2667 (K, type, GH neg. 2567). Camanaus, Rio Negro, Luetzelburg in Rondon 22654 (M). Rio Igana, Leutselburg in Rondon 22512 (M); 22751 (R); 22782 (M, R). Rio Aiari, Cururu, Luetzelburg in Rondon 22533 (R). Sao Gabriel, Rio Negro, Pires 787 (IAN); Schultes & Lépez 8788 (US). Rio Curicuriari, Schultes & Lépez 8861 (US); 8032 (US). Sao Felipe, Rio Negro, Schultes & Lépez 9504 (US). Manaus, Corner 24 (IAN).
Aso: CoLomBIA.
54 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
24. Pitcairnia aphelandriflora Lem. Ill. Hortic. 16: Misc. 90. 1869. Pepinia aphelandriflora André, Ill. Hortic. 17: 32, pl. 5. 1870.
Brazi_: Probable, but not yet recorded.
Pert: Loreto: Rio Pumayacu (Balsapuerto), Sandeman 136 (K).
25. Pitcairnia amazonica Baker, Handb. Bromel. 117. 1880.
Amazonas: Serra Dimiti, basin of the upper Rio Negro, Schultes & Lépez 10009 (US).
Aso: VENEZUELA.
26. Pitcairnia caricifolia Mart. in R. & S. Syst. 7, pt. 2: 1242. 1830. Fic- URE II. Pitcairnia kegeliana Schlecht. Linnaea 24: 664. 1851. Pitcairnia pauciflora Baker, Journ. Bot. 19: 230. 1881. Pitcairnia subjuncta Baker, Handb. Bromel. 116. 1880. Amazonas: Rio Amazonas, Martius (M, type, F neg. 18759). (Cachoeira Caranguejo) Rio Cauaburi, Holt & Blake 425 (GH, NY, US). ParA: Rio Jaramacari, Ducke (RB). Atso: CoLtomBia, VENEZUELA, GUIANA.
27. Pitcairnia anomala Hoehne in Comm. Linh. Telegr. Estrat. Matto-Grosso [Publ. 47], Annexo 5, Bot. pt. 9:9, pl. 161. 1919. ParA: Capipi Mission, Rio Cururu, Hoehne in Rondon 5151 (R, type). Mato Grosso: Rio Juruena above Salto Augusto, Hoehne in Rondon 5081 (R, US neg. 3390, 3391).
8. Brocchinia Schult. f. Brocchinia Schult. f. in R. & S. Syst. 7, pt. 2: p. Ixx, 1250. 1830. Colombia and Venezuela.
1. Petals without a claw; filaments free or nearly so; ovary wholly inferior. 2. Axes of the inflorescence straight; leaf-blades only nerved, not reticulate; primary bracts subfoliaceous, to 18 cm. long............6.. 1. B. tatei 2. Axes of the inflorescence geniculate ; leaf-blades reticulate; primary bracts broadly ovate, small; scape-bracts small, remote. 3. Scape about 3 mm. in diameter; leaves few, erect. (Fig. 12.) 2. B. reducta 3. Scape stouter; leaves many, spreading............. 3. B. hechtioides 1. Petals with a distinct claw; filaments of the second series much connate with the petals; ovary to one-fourth superior. 4. Inflorescence (including the ovaries) glabrous......... 4. B. micrantha 4. Inflorescence (including the ovaries) lepidote.......... 5. B. paniculata
1. Brocchinia tatei L. B. Smith, Contr. Gray Herb. 161: 20, pl. 4, fig. 1. 1946. Brocchinia cordylinoides sensu im Thurn ex N. E. Brown, Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. IL. 2: 256, 269. 1887. BraziL: Probable, but not yet recorded. VENEZUELA: Mount Roraima, Tate 514 (NY, type).
No. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 55
2. Brocchinia reducta Baker, Journ. Bot. 20: 331. 1882. FIGURE 12.
BraziL: Probable, but not yet recorded.
BritisH GuIANA: Kaieteur, Jenman 873 (K, type, GH neg. 1395); Maguire & Fanshawe 23198 (GH, NY).
3. Brocchinia hechtioides Mez, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 12: 414. 1913. Rio Branco: Campo below Roraima, Ule 8561 (B, type, F neg. 11329). ALso: VENEZUELA, COLOMBIA.
HirGs dees
Fic. 11.—Pitcairnia caricifolia: a, Apex of leaf, X %; b, inflorescence, KX %; c, sepal, X 1; d, petal, X 1; e, seed, X 5. Fic. 12—Brocchinia reducta: a, Habit, X 1/20; b, flower, X 1; c, perianth and stamens, X 5; d, fruit, X I.
4. Brocchinia micrantha (Baker) Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 464. 1894. Cordyline micrantha Baker, Gard. Chron. n. ser. 14, pt. 2: 243, fig. 47. 1880. Brocchinia cordylinoides Baker, Journ. Bot. 20: 330. 1882. BraziL: Probable, but not yet recorded. British Guiana: Kaieteur, im Thurn (K, type, GH neg. 1399); Maguire & Fanshawe 23300 (NY, US).
5. Brocchinia paniculata Schult. f. in R. & S. Syst. 7, pt. 2: 1250. 1830. Brazit: Probable, but not yet recorded. Cotompia: Serra de Araracoara, Martius (M, type; F neg. 8632).
56 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
9. Dyckia Schult. f. Dyckia Schult. f. in R. & S. Syst. 7, pt. 2: p. Ixv, 1194. 1830.
Chiefly native of the dry open campos of Brazil with outlying species in Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay, and northern Argentina.
1. Pedicels 20 mm. long or more, much exceeding the floral bracts; leaves over I m. long, repand-serrate with teeth 4 mm. long....... 1. D. pedicellata 1 1. Pedicels much less than 20 mm. long.
2. Inflorescence densely ferruginous-lepidote, amply tripinnate ; leaves lepidote on both sides; floral bracts not more than 3 mm. long, much exceeded by ‘the ‘sepals*.; icuckince eet ast aiein ne ov acs shales oad 2. D. tomentosa }
2. Inflorescence not densely ferruginous-lepidote or else either less than tripinnate or the leaves glabrous above or the floral bracts more than 3 mm. long.
3. Filaments free above the common tube formed by the petals and stamens together. (Fig. 15.) To p. 50. 4. Floral bracts not more than 3 mm. long, exceeding the pedicels; in- florescence ample, 2-3-pinnate; sepals 5 mm. long or less. 5. Leaves densely lepidote; inflorescence completely glabrous; flowers
dimorphic; Sepats: Apteiiatetce cas ere sels snc ge vio eels 3. D. selloa 5. Leaves nearly glabrous on both sides; inflorescence densely tomen- tose-lepidote ; flowers all perfect; sepals acute.... 4. D. maritima
4. Floral bracts much more than 3 mm. long, or shorter than the pedicels (Dyckia orobanchoides) ; inflorescence simple or bipinnate. 6. Stamens distinctly exceeding the petals; floral bracts exceeding the pedicels. 7. Floral bracts broadly ovate or suborbicular, apiculate. 8. Racemes dense; sepals 3-4 mm. long; style nearly the same leneth as’ the vavaryes cect see se si tes 5. D. microcalyx 8. Racemes lax; sepals 6-10 mm. long; style much shorter than the ovary... (Rigs 4b cease cacsvies 6. D. leptostachya 7. Floral bracts ovate, acuminate; inflorescence simple, few-flowered ; sepals 6—7; tut: Lone 22 arieinieis eis inn'e oe spaiees 7. D. tenuis 6. Stamens equaling the petals or shorter, or the floral bracts shorter than the pedicels. 9. Sepals acute, subacute, or apiculate. To p. 58. 10. Inflorescence densely ferruginous-tomentose or ferruginous- lanate, simple to much branched; scape-bracts serrulate. 11. Margins of the sepals obscured by the dense lanate indument; petals barely exceeding the 15-mm.-long sepals; floral bracts entire; leaf-blades glabrous, the spines 3 mm. long. 8. D. ursina 11. Margins of the sepals clearly visible; petals greatly exceed- ing the 8 mm. long sepals; floral bracts serrulate; leaf- blades lepidote beneath, the spines 3-5 mm. long. (Fig. 15.) 9. D. encholirioides 10. Inflorescence pale-lepidote or pale-villous or glabrous; usually simple. 1 Dyckia pedicellata and D. tomentosa are known from fruiting material only, thus necessi-
tating the artificial treatment given above. It is not even wholly certain that they belong to the genus Dyckia.
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 57
12. Scape-bracts all with linear blades; leaves entire or sub- entire, over 40 cm. long; flowers few, 9 mm. long, half as long as the internodes................. 10. D. burchellii
12, Scape-bracts diverse, the upper ones bladeless; leaves serru- late, 7-30 cm. long; flowers usually numerous, much more than half as long as the internodes.
13. Floral bracts apiculate or abruptly acute; flowers 11-24 mm. long.
14. Inflorescence compound; pedicels 3 mm. long, exceeding the floral bracts; sepals 7 mm. long, fimbriate, to- PHPTONSY se pos s vole ase ous 11. D. orobanchoides
14. Inflorescence simple; pedicels either shorter than the floral bracts or over 3 mm. long.
15. Pedicels about 8 mm. long ; inflorescence 2-3-flowered ; sepals narrow, 8 mm. long; petals erect, ecarinate, MB AAG 5 6 oo. sr5's ccchenpard Ho, caspemre « 12. D. biflora 15. Pedicels much less than 8 mm. long; inflorescence more than 3-flowered; sepals broad, 8-12 mm. long; petals more or less spreading and carinate.
16. Upper scape-bracts shorter than the internodes. 13. D. remotiflora 16. Upper scape-bracts equaling or exceeding the inter-
nodes. 17. Axis of the inflorescence lepidote; inflorescence many-flowered. ............- 14. D. vaginosa
17. Axis of the inflorescence white-villous; inflores-
cence few-flowered..... 15. D. choristaminea
13. Floral bracts acuminate; flowers never more than 12 mm. long.
18. Upper scape-bracts equaling or exceeding the internodes; lower floral bracts usually exceeding the flowers; leaf-blades 25-35 mm. wide, short and thick; sepals Teh GT NOUS... ass oie coc et etiine 16. D. brevifolia
18. Upper scape-bracts shorter than the internodes; lower floral bracts shorter than the flowers; leaf-blades 10-20 mm. wide.
19. Upper scape-bracts entire; leaves to 12 cm. long. 20. Pedicels not more than 3 mm. long; leaf-blades serrulate, I cm. wide; sepals 6 mm. long.
17. D. hilaireana
20. Pedicels to 14 mm. long; leaf-blades entire, 2 cm. wide; sepals 9 mm. long. (Fig. 16.)
18. D. heloisae
19. Upper scape-bracts serrulate; leaves 15-40 cm. long.
21. Style almost as long as the ovary; leaf-blades
covered on both sides with a membrane of coarse silvery scales; sepals 6 mm. long.
19. D. argentea
21. Style very short; leaf-blades glabrous above; sepals
5-7 (rarely to 9) mm. long. (Fig. 17.) 20. D. tuberosa
58 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
9. Sepals obtuse.
22. Petals ferruginous-tomentulose outside; petal-filament tube only 0.5 mm. long; styles elongate; plant 1 m. or more high; leaves repand-serrate with teeth 10 mm. long; inflorescence simple, dense; sepals 7-8.5 mm. long; petals suberect, ecari- Mate scl eae PAM we ei aes ab visi bids b.ctetn She 6 21. D. ferruginea
22. Petals completely glabrous; petal-filament tube longer; styles usually short.
23. Upper scape-bracts equaling or exceeding the internodes.
24. Leaves short and thick, only 6-20 cm. long, but 8-35 mm. wide; inflorescence simple.
25. Floral bracts entire, narrowly lance-triangular; inflores- cence soon glabrous; leaf-blades 25-35 mm. wide, glabrous above; sepals to 8 mm. long.
16. D. brevifolia
25. Floral bracts serrulate, broadly ovate; inflorescence densely lepidote ; leaf-blades 8-10 mm. wide, cinereous- lepidote on both sides; sepals 9-10 mm. long.
22. D. simulans
24. Leaves long and narrow, 30-50 cm. long; inflorescence often compound.
26. Floral bracts to 25 mm. long, the lower ones equaling or exceeding the flowers; spines of the leaves I-1.5 mm. long.
27. Inflorescence compound or with buds in the axils of the lower bracts; pedicels short and stout; petal- blades suborbicular, ecarinate; sepals 7-12 mm. long.
23. D. trichostachya
27. Inflorescence simple; pedicels 5 mm. long; petal-
blades trapeziform, carinate; sepals 9 mm. long. 24. D. eminens
26. Floral bracts not more than 15 mm. long, the lower ones usually equaling the sepals; spines of the leaves to 4 mm. long.
28. Inflorescence brown-furfuraceous; leaf-blades to 45 mm. wide; sepals to 10 mm. long.... 25. D. frigida
28. Inflorescence soon glabrous; leaf-blades 17 mm. wide; SEOUS 7 MAG ane Seer ea b ee sane 26. D. elata
23. Upper scape-bracts shorter than the internodes.
29. Inflorescence covered with a dark ferruginous tomentum, its axis strongly flexuous; flowers to 18 mm. long; sepals 8-11 mm. long; petals ecarinate; stigmas sub- sessile; leaves 5 dm. long, the blades subglabrous on DOLN SMCs. c en Meee has ene net 27. D. sordida
29. Inflorescence sparsely pale-furfuraceous or glabrous.
30. Upper scape-bracts and floral bracts serrulate.
31. Pedicels short, much exceeded by the floral bracts; leaves 15-40 cm. long; sepals 5-7 (rarely to 9) mm. log A Ee Ee, Poa see lsiane aude 20. D. tuberosa
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 59
31. Pedicels 5 mm. long, about equaling the floral bracts; leaves 6-8 cm. long; sepals 5 mm. long. (Fig. 18.) 28. D. macedoi 30. Upper scape-bracts and floral bracts entire. 32. Pedicels about 7 mm. long; sepals 8 mm. long. 33. Leaves over 40 cm. long; inflorescence many- BUENA siisa'se ob ortete cues 29. D. linearifolia 33. Leaves 4 cm. long; inflorescence 2-3-flowered. 12. D. biflora 32. Pedicels short and stout. 34. Floral bracts triangular-ovate, acuminate; sepals 6-8 mm. long. 35. Styles very short; leaves to 40 cm. long, the blades 15 mm. wide, the spines stout, to 6 mm. POM Sy . trate icles coece mens 30. D. elongata 35. Styles elongate; leaves 14-20 cm. long, the blades 20-35 mm. wide, the spines small and incon- Spmeiioties f. ys 0d OAR Pee 31. D. distachya 34. Floral bracts broadly ovate to subreniform, apiculate. 36. Sepals 3-4 mm. long; flowers 6-13 mm. long; Pacemies dense. is isin. Rhee ss 5. D. microcalyx 36. Sepals 6-10 mm. long; flowers 13-23 mm. long; racemes lax. (Fig. 14.)... 6. D. leptostachya 3. Filaments connate and forming a definite ring above their junction with the petals. (Fig. 20.)
37. Petals without a distinct claw and blade, narrowly elliptic; leaf- blades erect, 13-32 cm. long, the spines nearly straight, 2 mm. long; scape-bracts remote; inflorescence simple, lax; sepals 6-8 mm. long; filaments wholly connate; stigmas subsessile.
32. D. horridula
37. Petals with a sharp distinction between the narrow claw and broad blade.
38. Sepals acute or apiculate. 39. Scape-bracts (or the great majority of them) equaling or ex- ceeding the internodes.
40. Pedicels 15 mm. long, stout; inflorescence much branched; leaf-blades 3 cm. wide; scape-bracts serrulate; floral bracts exceeding the sepals; sepals 9-10 mm. long.
33. D. princeps
40. Pedicels much less than 15 mm. long.
41. Leaves equally lepidote on both sides.
42. Sepals 11 mm. long; inflorescence branched or with buds in the axils of the lower bracts; leaves nearly 50 cm. long, the blades 30 mm. wide, laxly serrate.
34. D. cinerea
42. Sepals 6 mm. long; inflorescence simple; leaves 9-17 cm. long, the blades 8-10 mm. wide, repand-serrate.
35. D. fosteriana 41. Leaves much more lepidote on the under side than on the upper; inflorescence simple.
SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
43. The leaves only 5-6 cm. long, the spines 3 mm. long; sepals 7-8 mm. long.
44. Filament-tube continued only 2 mm. above the junction with the petals; scape-bracts ovate with linear blades, obscurely serrulate............ 36. D. schwackeana
44. Filaments highly connate above the junction with the petals; scape-bracts acuminate, densely serrulate.
37. D. densiflora 43. The leaves 17-50 cm. long.
45. Sepals 16 mm. long; inflorescence soon glabrous.
38. D. dusenii
45. Sepals 6-9 mm. long; inflorescence persistently fur- furaceous.
46. Filaments not connate for more than 2 mm. above the petal-stamen tube; pedicels to 4 mm. long; sepals 7-9 mm. long; petal-blades suborbicular. (Fig. 19.) 39. D. minarum 46. Filaments high-connate above the petal-stamen tube. 47. Sepals 8-9 mm. long, cucullate; petals 16 mm. long, their blades rhombic............. 40. D. reitzii 47. Sepals 6 mm. long, mucronulate; petals 12 mm. long, their blades broadly obovate. 41. D. lagoensis 39. Scape-bracts shorter than the internodes. 48. Flowers subsessile; sepals 4-6 mm. long; filaments high- connate above the petal-stamen tube. 49. Inflorescence subdense, 4-5 times shorter than the scape; wing of the ovule narrowly falciform... 42. D. consimilis 49. Inflorescence lax, nearly as long as the scape; wing of the ovule broadly fasted se. cick ce ais sc se 43. D. rariflora 48. Flowers distinctly pedicellate.
50. Floral bracts and scape-bracts serrulate. 51. Inflorescence subglabrous; lower floral bracts about equal- ing the 9 mm. long sepals..... 44. D. pseudococcinea 51. Inflorescence furfuraceous; lower floral bracts exceeding
the sepals.
52. Leaves laxly serrate, much more lepidote on the under side; sepals 7-9 mm. long.......... 39. D. minarum
52. Leaves repand-serrate, equally lepidote on both sides; Sepals: Gm MORI d «bese aleee ve 35. D. fosteriana
50. Floral bracts and scape-bracts entire; sepals 6-8 mm. long.
53. Filaments short-connate above the petal-stamen tube. 45. D. dissitiflora 53. Filaments almost completely connate... 46. D. warmingii
38. Sepals obtuse. 54. Scape-bracts all exceeding the internodes; filaments connate for 2 mm. above the petal-stamen tube. 55. Sepals 12 mm. long; leaves 50 cm. long; inflorescence branched or with buds in the axils of the lower bracts.
47. D. bracteata
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 61
55. Sepals not more than 7 mm. long; leaves 6 cm. long; inflores-
Gace Vous casa e .s0il i Bee 36. D. schwackeana 54. Scape-bracts, or at least the upper ones, shorter than the inter- nodes.
56. Stamens exserted; inflorescence glabrous or subglabrous; fila- ments high-connate above the petal-stamen tube. 57. Pedicels stout, angled, 2-4 mm. long, 2 to 3 times shorter than the floral bracts; sepals 5-7 mm. long. 48. D. niederleinii 57. Pedicels slender, 4-5 mm. long, almost as long as the floral bracts; sepals 8-9 mm. long............ 49. D. lutziana 56. Stamens shorter than the petals; inflorescence usually lepidote. 58. Filaments short-connate above the petal-stamen tube; leaves 15-20 cm. long. 59. Floral bracts acuminate, much exceeding the pedicels; inflorescence simple; sepals 8 mm. long. so. D. saxatilis 59. Floral bracts apiculate, barely exceeding the pedicels; inflorescence usually compound; sepals 6 mm. long. 51. D. maracasensis 58. Filaments high-connate above the petal-stamen tube. 60. Flowers subsessile; stigmas subsessile. 61. Floral bracts to 10 mm. long; leaves 50 cm. long; scape- PETS LOMEIEEO. Jane ci ass waclnoe ae eee 52. D. uleana 61. Floral bracts not over 5 mm. long; leaves only 5 cm. long; scape-bracts obscurely serrulate. 42. D. consimilis 60. Flowers distinctly pedicellate; sepals 66.5 mm. long; leaves 25-40 cm. long. 62. Upper scape-bracts serrulate; pedicels short and stout but distinct; inflorescence lax..... 53. D. sellowiana 62. Upper scape-bracts entire; style half as long as the ovary. 63. Floral bracts 9 mm. long, much exceeding the short pedicels; inflorescence simple or compound. (Fig. 2) i ee eae aye he 54. D. weddelliana 63. Floral bracts 3 mm. long, about half as long as the pedicels; inflorescence simple.... 55. D. racemosa
1. Dyckia pedicellata Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9: 515. 1806. Minas Gerats: Serra dos Cristais, Diamantina, Glaziou 19198a (! Mez); Schwacke 8413 (B, type, F neg. 11444). Identity with the genus Dyckia is uncertain because of the lack of petals and stamens.
2. Dyckia tomentosa Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9: 515. 1806. Rro GRANDE Do SuL: Sellow Bromel. No. 73 (P, type, GH neg. 3003). 3. Dyckia selloa (C. Koch) Baker, Handb. Bromel. 136. 1880.
Prionophyllum selloum C. Koch, Ind. Sem. Hort. Berol. for 1873, App. 4: 7.
1874. Dyckia grandifolia Baker, Handb. Bromel. 136. 1889.
62 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
Dyckia macracantha Baker, Handb. Bromel. 137. 1880. Dyckia myriostachya Baker, Handb. Bromel. 137. 1880.
Rio GRANDE Do SUL: Gaudichaud 276 (P, GH neg. 3008). Rio Pardo to Cacapava, Sellow 1615 (! Mez).
Atso: Urucuay.
4. Dyckia maritima Baker, Handb. Bromel. 136. 1889. FicuRe 13. Prionophyllum maritimum Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9: 542. 18096. SANTA CATARINA: Mun. Ararangua: Peroba, Reitz C-755 (GH, HBR) ; C-909 (GH, HBR, US); 1369 (R). Mun. Itajai: Cabecudas lighthouse, Reitz (! Reitz).
Rio GRANDE DO SuL: Tweedie (K, type). Estacao Capela, Eugenio 2640 (GH). Salvador, Eugenio 2640-b (GH). Torres, Reitz 4427 (HBR); 5000 (! Reitz) ; Smith & Reitz 5824 (R, RB, US). Mun. Sao Leopoldo: Morro Sapucaia, Eugenio 220 (SP); 2640-a (GH).
5. Dyckia microcalyx Baker, Handb. Bromel. 133. 1880. Dyckia microcalyx var. inermis Hassler, Ann. Conserv. & Jard. Bot. Genéve 20: 307. IQIQ. Dyckia microcalyx var. micrantha Hassler, Ann. Conserv. & Jard. Bot. Genéve 20: 308. I9109. ParANnA: Iguacu, J. G. Kuhlmann (RB). Mato Grosso: Campo Grande, Foster 1094 (GH). Aso: PARAGUAY.
6. Dyckia leptostachya Baker, Gard. Chron. 1884, pt. 2: 198. 1884. Ficure 14.
Dyckia conspicua Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9: 513. 1806.
Dyckia hassleri Mez, Bull. Herb. Boiss. II. 3: 134. 1903.
Dyckia rojasii Mez, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 16:67. 1919.
Dyckia apensis Mez, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 16:69. 1919.
Dyckia longifolia Mez, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 16: 69. 1919.
Dyckia remotiflora var. montevidensis sensu falso, L. B. Smith, Anais Bot. Herb. Barbosa Rodrigues 2:45. 1950.
Minas Gerais: Mun. Ituiutaba: Macedo 11 (US). Campos de Sao Vicente, Macedo 1286 in part (RB). Ituiutaba, Macedo 1242 (US).
Mato Grosso: Amolar, Rio Paraguai, Hoehne in Rondon 2282 (R). Corumba, Hoehne in Rondon 3548 (R); 5796 (R, US neg. 3606). Rio Pardo, Romboust (SP). Mun. Aquidauana: Camizio, Foster 1080 (GH).
ParaAnA: Cultivated, Kew (K, type, GH neg. 2546).
SANTA CATARINA: Mun. Ararangua: Sombrio, Reitz 3815 (HBR); 3835 (HBR); 4282 (HBR).
Rio GRANDE vo Sut: Porto Alegre, Eugenio 2258 (GH). Mun. Torres: Campo Bonito, Reitz 4411 (HBR); Smith & Reitz 5846 (R, RB, US).
Aso: Paracuay, ARGENTINA.
7. Dyckia tenuis Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 484. 1804. Dyckia morreniana Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 496. 1804. Dyckia kuntzeana Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9: 523. 1896. Brazit: Cultivated, Jard. Bot. Liége (LG, type of Dyckia morreniana Mez). GorAs: Cavalcante to Conceicao, Burchell 7996 (K). Mission de Douro, Gard- ner 3479 (K, isotype, K neg.). Mato Grosso: Kuntze (NY, type of Dyckia kuntzeana Mez). Sao Luiz de Caceres, Jacobina, Hoehne in Rondon 575 (R, US neg. 3602).
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 63
8. Dyckia ursina L. B. Smith, Arquiv. Bot. Estado Sao Paulo nov. ser. 1: 100, pl. III. 1943. Minas Gerais: Mun. Jaboticatubas: Serra do Cipé, Foster 636 (GH, type, US neg. 4053). Serra do Cipd, 5 km. north of Chapeu de Sol, Smith & Mus. R 6697 (R, US).
9. Dyckia encholirioides (Gaud.) Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9: 507. 1806. 1. Axes of the inflorescence and the sepals yellow..... Var. a. encholirioides 1. Axes of the inflorescence and the sepals red................. Var. b. rubra
Fic. 13. Breas
Fic. 13.—Dyckia maritima: a, Habit; b, apex of leaf, X %4; c, branch of inflorescence, X 14; d, flower, X 2; e, sepal, X 2; f, petals and stamens, X 2; g, pistil, X 2.
Fic. 14.—Dyckia leptostachya: a, Section of leaf, X %; b, scape and inflo- rescence, X %4; c, flower, X 1; d, sepal XI; e, pistil XI.
ga. Dyckia encholirioides var. encholirioides. Ficure 15. Garrelia encholirioides Gaud. Atl. Voy. Bonite pl. 175. 1851. Dyckia catharinensis C. Koch, Ind. Sem. Hort. Berol. for 1873, App. 4: 4. 1874. ? Dyckia catharinensis var. dentata Wittm. Bot. Jahrb. 13, Beibl. 29: 17. 1891.
BraziL: Coast, Tweedie 795 (K) ; 796 (K).
SAo Pauto: Ilha Comprida, Iguapé, Lofgren & Edwall (SP).
ParaNnA: Mun. Guaratuba: Morro de Brajatiba, Frenzel (Inst. Biol. Pesq. Tec.). Guaratuba, Reitz 4247 (HBR); Stellfeld (Paran.). Mun. Para- nagua: Caioba, Foster 435 (GH); M. Kuhlmann (SP); Tessmann (Paran., US). Matinhos, Hatschbach 2725 (US).
64 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
SANTA CATARINA: Mun. Araquari: Itajuba, Reitz 3682 (! Reitz); 3806 (! Reitz). Mun. Florianopolis: Ilha de Santa Catarina: Gaudichaud 130 (P, type, GH neg. 2993). Armacao do Sul, Rohr 654 (LIL). Canavieiras, Reitz 4264 (HBR). Mun. Itajai: Cabecudas, Reitz (HBR); 3682-a (HBR, US). Mun. Sao Francisco do Sul: Itapema, Hoehne (GH, SP). Praia Grande, Reitz 3837 (! Reitz). Mun. Sao José: Mainland opposite Desterro [Florianopolis], Schenk 456 (1! Mez, type of Dyckia catharinensis var. dentata Wittm.).
Rro GRANDE DO Sut: Sellow (R).
gb. Dyckia encholirioides var. rubra (Wittm.) Reitz, Anais Bot. Herb. Barbosa Rodrigues 3: 108. 1951. Dyckia rubra Wittm. Bot. Jahrb. 13, Beibl. 29:16. 1801.
SANTA Catarina: Laguna, Reitz 4027 (HBR); Reitz & Klein 47 (HBR); Smith & Reitz 5970 (US). Mun. Florianopolis: Desterro [Florianopolis], Ilha de Santa Catarina, Schenk 619 (? herb., type). Mun. Imarui: Vila Nova to Mirim, Rettz 3700 (HBR). Mun. Palhoca: Campo de Massiambu, Reitz & Klein 974 (! Reitz). Paulo Lopes, Reitz & Klein 38 (HBR).
to. Dyckia burchellii Baker, Handb. Bromel. 131. 1880. GorAs: Between Conceicéo and Natividade, Burchell 8178 (K, type; BR).
11. Dyckia orobanchoides Mez in Mart. Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 475. 1804. Brazit: Tamberlik (W, type).
12. Dyckia biflora Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 486. 1894.
Minas Gerats: Serra do Cipd, Glaziou 19919 (B, type, F. neg. 11428); Schwacke 8410 (! Mez). Mun. Diamantina: Guinda, Mello Barreto 9519 (R).
13. Dyckia remotiflora Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartenz. 1: 129. 1833. 1. Floral bracts and upper scape-bracts with broad apiculate summits. 2. Sepals cucullate, 8-10 mm. long; petals 17-23 mm. long. Var. a. remotifiora 2. Sepals nearly or quite straight, 6-8 mm. long; petals 11-17 mm. long. Var. b. montevidensis 1. Floral bracts and upper scape-bracts acuminate.......... Var. c. angustior
13a. Dyckia remotiflora var. remotiffora. Dyckia rariflora sensu Lindl. Bot. Reg. 21: pl. 1782. 1836. Not Schult. f. 1830. Dyckia rariflora var. “D. remottflora” Baker, Handb. Bromel. 132. 1889. Dyckia rariflora var. cunninghami Baker, Handb. Bromel. 132. 1889. Minas Gerais: Mun. Ituiutaba: Sao Vicente, Macedo 1286 in part (SP). SAo Pauto: Araraquara, Loefgren (SP). Piragununga, Rachi-d (SP, inflores- cence with one lateral branch). Parand: Miers 2518 (BM). Aso: Urucuay, ARGENTINA.
13b. Dyckia remotiflora var. montevidensis (C. Koch) L. B. Smith, Arquiv. Bot. Estado Sao Paulo nov. ser. 1: 108. 1943. Dyckia montevidensis C. Koch, Ind. Sem. Hort. Berol. for 1873, App.: 4. 1874. Dyckia rariflora var. “D. montevidensis” Baker, Handb. Bromel. 132. 1889.
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 65
Dyckia rariflora var. montevidensis Baker ex Hauman & Vanderveken, An. Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Buenos Aires 29: 239. I917.
Brazit: Sellow Bromel. 43 (P); 46 (US); 48 (P); 53 (P); 57 (P).
Rro GRANDE Do Sut: Gaudichaud 278 (P). Rio Irapua, east of Cacapava, Sellow 3247 (B, F neg. 11442). Serra dos Tapes, Cascata, Lindman A-935 (S). Pérto Alegre, Eugenio 130 (R) ; 218 (SP) ; 2490 (GH) ; Jiirgens 356 (US); Palacios & Cuezzo 656 (LIL).
Aso: Urucuay, PARAGUAY, ARGENTINA.
13c. Dyckia remotiflora var. angustior L. B. Smith, Arquiv. Bot. Estado Sao Paulo nov. ser. 1: 108. 10943.
Brazit: Cultivated at Berlin, Hennings (B, F neg. 11425).
Rio GRANDE DO SuL: Salto Alegre, Bornmueller 351 (GH, type).
14. Dyckia vaginosa Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 490. 1804. Dyckia rariflora sensu Graham, Bot. Mag. 62: fl. 3449. 1835. Not Schult. £. 1830. SAo Pauto: Serra do Picu, Glaziou 15497 (B, type, F neg. 11453). Rio GRANDE Do Sut: Sellow Bromel. 305 (R). Atso: URuGuay. Possibly not more than a variety of Dyckia remotiflora Otto & Dietr.
15. Dyckia choristaminea Mez, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 16:71. 1910. Rio GRANDE vO SUL: Cultivated in Berlin, Malme (B, type). Porto Alegre, Lindman A-439 (S); Eugenio 2249 (GH); Rambo (Anchieta, US).
16. Dyckia brevifolia Baker in Saund. Ref. Bot. 4: pl. 236. 1871. Dyckia sulphurea C. Koch, Ind. Sem. Hort. Berol. for 1873, App. 4: 3. 1874. Dyckia princeps Hort. ex Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 493. 1804. In part, not Lem. 1853. Dyckia gemellaria E. Morr. ex Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 494. 1804. Brazi_: Cultivated, Atkinson 29 (GH); 30 (GH); Bailey (BH); Hennings (B, F neg. 11450); E. Morren (LG, type of Dyckia gemellaria E. Morr., GH neg. 2830). Minas Gerais: Saint-Hilaire (! Mez). Distrito FEDERAL: Rio de Janeiro, cultivated ?, Glaziou 331 (! Mez). Sho Pauto: Sao Paulo, Glaziou 15406 (K, GH neg. 2544). SANTA CaTARINA: Blumenau, F. Mueller (! Mez). Salto, Blumenau, Reitz 3707 (HBR, US). Rio Itajai Acu, Encano to Indaial, Reitz 3988 (HBR, US).
17. Dyckia hilaireana Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9: 530. 1806. Minas Gerais: Saint-Hilaire 924 (P, type, GH neg. 3011). Serra do Cipo, A. P. Duarte 2135 (RB, US neg. 3348).
18. Dyckia heloisae L. B. Smith, p. 26, fig. 16. Minas Gerats: Mun. Jaboticatubas: Serra do Cipd, 5 km. north of Chapeu de Sol, L. B. Smith & Mus. R 6608 (US, type, R).
19. Dyckia argentea Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 492. 1894. Minas Gerats: Sao Joao del Rei, Glaziou 17279 in part (C ! Mez); 17280a (B, type, F neg. 11427).
66 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
20. Dyckia tuberosa (Vell.) Beer, Bromel. 157. 1857. 1. Floral bracts shorter than the flowers and usually shorter than the sepals, lance-trianigular,!c. 55.4 Wee bhi selec sc tle thw PCE Var. a. tuberosa 1. Floral bracts exceeding the lowest flowers, narrowly triangular. Var. b. deltoidea 20a. Dyckia tuberosa var. tuberosa. Ficure 17. Tillandsia tuberosa Vell. Fl. Fluminensis 135. 1825; Icon. 3: pl. 136. 1835. Dyckia coccinea Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 491. 1894. Minas Gerais: Carmo do Rio Claro, Mello Filho 628 (R). Mun. Ouro Preto: Casa Branca, Williams 8121 (GH).
Fic. 15. Fic. 16.
Fic. 15.—Dyckia encholirioides var. encholirioides: a, Leaf-blade, & 1/10; b, in- florescence, X 1/10; c, flower, X 1; d, sepal, X 1; e, petals and stamens, 1. Fic. 16.—Dyckia heloisae: a, Habit, X 1/10; b, flower and capsule, & 1;
c, seed, X 2.
SAo Pauto: Atibaia, Foster 348 (GH). Campinas, Viegas (GH, IAC); Viegas & Lima (IAC). Campo Grande, Edwall (SP). Itirapina, Toledo & Gehrt (GH, SP). Santo Amaro, Krieger 182 (SP). Sao José dos Campos, Loefgren (S). Serra da Cunha, Kuhlmann & Gehrt (GH, SP). Mun. Sao Paulo: Bosque da Saude, Brade 5926 (S). Ipiranga, Luederwaldt (SP, GH neg. 7166); Hoehne (GH, SP). Jabaquara, Brade (SP). Sao Paulo, Sellow E-23 (B, type of Dyckia coccinea Mez, F neg. 11430); Pickel 5479 (US); Tamandaré 196 (RB). Vila Ema, Brade (GH, SP). Vila Mariana, Usteri (SP).
ParaNA: Morungava, Dusén 16522 (S). Turma 23, Jonsson in Dusén 1323a (S). Mun. Palmeira: Rio do Salto, Hatschbach 2620 (US).
SANTA CaTARINA: Curitibanos, Reitz 4673 (HBR).
At first glance it seems inconsistent to associate a Vellozo name with a
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 67
species that has not been recorded from the state of Rio de Janeiro. However, Vellozo collected around Pharmacépolis (now Parati) so that the collection of Kuhlmann and Gehrt from the Serra da Cunha in Sao Paulo could be a topotype.
2ob. Dyckia tuberosa var. deltoidea (L. B. Smith) L. B. Smith, Arquiv. Bot. Estado Sao Paulo nov. ser. 2: 119. 1950. Dyckia coccinea var. deltoidea L. B. Smith, Arquiv. Bot. Estado Sao Paulo nov. ser. 1: 107. 1043. ParANA: Jaguariaiva, Dusén 10373 (BM, K, NY, S); 17357 (GH, type; S).
21. Dyckia ferruginea Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9: 533. 1806. Mato Grosso: Jacobina, Kuntze (NY, type). Mun. Aquidauana: Camizao, Foster 1082 (GH, US).
22. Dyckia simulans L. B. Smith, Arquiv. Bot. Estado Sao Paulo nov. ser. 1: 108, pl. TIO. 1943. Minas Gerais: Pico da Piedade, Belo Horizonte, Foster 570 (GH, type, US neg. 4055).
23. Dyckia trichostachya Baker, Handb. Bromel. 133. 1880. Dyckia micracantha Baker, Handb. Bromel. 135. 1880. Minas Gerais: Sellow Bromel. 59 (P, type, GH neg. 3002) ; Sellow 1097 (B, type of Dyckia micracantha Baker, F neg. 11452). Itacolomi, Lauro (R).
My
Fic. 17. Fic. 18.
Fic. 17.—Dyckia tuberosa var. tuberosa: a, Habit, X 1/10; b, flower, X 1; c, sepal, X1; d, petals and stamens, X 1; @, pistil, <1. Fic. 18.—Dyckia macedoi: a, Leaf-blade, 1; b, inflorescence, X 1; c, petals and stamens, X 2; d, pistil, X 2.
68 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
24. Dyckia eminens Mez, Bot. Jahrb. 30, Beibl. 67:5. 1901. GorAs: Glaziou 22192a (B, type).
Not verified. Characters dubious because the original description is self- contradictory. According to the measurements the lower floral bracts exceed the flowers.
25. Dyckia frigida (Linden) Hook. f. Bot. Mag. 103: pl. 6294. 1877. Pourretia frigida Linden, Catal. No. 8:31. 1853. BraziL: Cultivated, E. Morren (LG type collection?). ParanA: Ponta Grossa, Dusén (S). Vila Velha, Dusén 2801 (R); 4059 (R); 14936 (S); 15829 (S); Foster 417 (GH); M. Kuhlmann (SP, US).
26. Dyckia elata Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9: 508. 1806.
Minas Gerats: Serra de Antonio Pereira, Schwacke 8739 (B, type, F neg. 11432).
27. Dyckia sordida Baker, Handb. Bromel. 132. 1880.
Minas Gerats: Itambé, Saint-Hilaire 402 (P, type, GH neg. 3004). Serra do Cipd, Duarte 2106 (RB, US neg. 3350); Foster 623 (G, US).
28. Dyckia macedoi L. B. Smith, Arquiv. Bot. Estado Sao Paulo nov. ser. 2:195. 1952. Ficure 18. Minas Gerats: Lagoa Santa, Pires & Black 2887 (IAN). Mun. Conceicgao do Mato Dentro: Serra do Cipd, Macedo 2974 (US, type, US neg. 3651).
29. Dyckia linearifolia Baker, Handb. Bromel. 131. 1880. Minas Gerats: Saint-Hilaire 1010 (P, type, GH neg. 3010).
30. Dyckia elongata Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9: 529. 1806. Brazit: Sellow 58 (P, GH neg. 2989). Bafa: Milagres to Maracas, Foster 2439 (US).
31. Dyckia distachya Hassler, Ann. Conserv. & Jard. Bot. Genéve 20: 308. Feb. 1919. Dyckia distachya forma induta Hassler, Ann. Conserv. & Jard. Bot. Genéve 20: 309. Feb. 1910. Dyckia interrupta Mez, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 16: 70. Nov. 1919. Santa CAtTartnA: Mun. Concordia: Estreito do Uruguai, Reitz 3818-a (HBR, US). ALso: PARAGUAY, ARGENTINA. 32. Dyckia horridula Mez, Bot. Jahrb. 30, Beibl. 67:5. 1901. GorAs: Near Goias, Burchell 6791 (K). Rio Descoberto, near Capelinha, Glaziou 22194 (B, type (F neg. 11435), K). Marto Grosso: Siao Jeronimo, Lindman 2707b (S). Serra das Araras, Lind- man 2707¢c (S). 33. Dyckia princeps Lem. Jard. Fleur. 3: pls. 224, 225. 1853. Dyckia altissima sensu Baker, Handb. Bromel. 134. 1889. In part, not Lindl. Minas GERAIS: Described from material cultivated in Brussels. Apparently no specimens preserved.
34. Dyckia cinerea Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 469. 1804. BrAzIL: Glaziou 18570 (B, type (F neg. 11429), K).
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 69
35. Dyckia fosteriana L. B. Smith, Arquiv. Bot. Estado Sao Paulo nov. ser. 1: 107, pl. 106. 1943. ParanA: Mun. Campo Largo: Serra Sao Luiz de Puruna, Foster 1154 (GH, type, US neg. 4098) ; 2526 (US) ; Hatschbach 1567 (US). By error the type locality was given originally as “Santa Catarina.”
36. Dyckia schwackeana Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 478. 1804. Minas Gerais: Pico de Itabira do Campo, Glaziou 18572 (B, F neg. 11448) ; Schwacke (R); Schwacke 5857 (B, type).
37. Dyckia densiflora Schult. f. in R. & S. Syst. 7, pt. 2: 1194. 1830. Minas Gerats: Morro da Vila Rica (near Ouro Preto), Martius (M, type). Not verified but see Mez in Mart. Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 3: pl. 90, fig. 2.
38. Dyckia dusenii L. B. Smith, Contr. Gray Herb. 98:6, pl. 2. 1032. ParaANnA: Porto Amazonas, Dusén 18081 (S, type). Serrinha, Dusén 8686, 8996 (S). Tamandaré, Jonsson ex Dusén 1029a (GH, S).
39. Dyckia minarum Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 483, pl. 91. 1804. FIGURE 109.
BraziL: Sellow Bromel. 46 (P); 55 (P); 56 (P); Weir (K); Widgren (S).
Espiriro SANTO: Serra da Caparao, Mexia 4082-a (UC).
Minas Gerais: Claussen 148 (P); Mosén 4443 (S). Barbacena, Glaziou 18571 (K). Belo Horizonte, Hoehne (SP). Serra do Curral, Belo Hori- zonte, Foster 675 (GH). Serra de Rola Moga, Belo Horizonte, Foster 530 (GH). Nova Lima to Belo Horizonte, Mello Barreto 4909 (R). Caldas, Regnell I1-283 (S, US); IlI-529 (S). Serra de Caparao, Brade 16983 (RB, US). Serra Sao José [Joao] del Rei, Glaziou 17279 (K). Sao Joao del Rei, Lindman A-55 (S); A-57 (S); A-50 (S); A-50%4 (S); A-61 (S) ; A-614 (S). Serra de Lenheiro, Glaziou 17280 (K). Serra da Piedade, Hoehne 6428 (R). Mun. Baipendi: Sao Tome das Letras, Brade & Apparicio 20479 (RB).
Gords (?): Glaziou 22192-a (K).
SAo Pauto: Pedra Grande, Atibaia, Gehri (SP).
SANTA CaTARINA: Campo Alegre, Reitz 3765 (HBR) ; 3912 (HBR).
40. Dyckia reitzii L. B. Smith, Anais. Bot. Herb. Barbosa Rodrigues 2: 14, pls. I-3. 1950. Santa CaTARINA: Campo dos Padres, Reitz 2690 (US, type (US neg. 3516), HBR).
41. Dyckia lagoensis Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 483. 1804. Minas Gerais: Lagoa Santa, Warming 2171 (C, type, F neg. 22328).
42. Dyckia consimilis Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 479, pl. 90. 1804.
Minas Gerais: Weddell 1407 (P, type, GH neg. 2991). Pico de Itabira do Campo, Glaziou & Schwacke 17822 (P); Palacios, Balegno & Cuezzo 3891 (LIL, US neg. 3310).
43. Dyckia rariflora Schult. f. in R. & S. Syst. 7, pt. 2: 1195. 1830.
Mrnas Gerais: Handro (SP). Ouro Preto to Sorocaba (Sao Paulo), Martius (M, type, F neg. 8631). Serra de Ouro Preto, Ule (R, US neg. 3603) ; 2434 (! Mez). Mun. Jaboticatubas: Serra do Cipd, Chapeu de Sol, Smith & Mus. R 7065 (US).
70 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126 '
44. Dyckia pseudococcinea L. B. Smith, Arquiv. Bot. Estado Sao Paulo nov. ser. 1: 108, pl. 100, fig. I. 1043.
Rio DE JANEIRO: Foster 1144 (GH, type, US neg. 4054).
SAo Pauto: Atibaia, Foster 348 in part (R).
45. Dyckia dissitiflora Schult. f. in R. & S. Syst. 7, pt. 2: 1194. 1830. Praui: Serra do Brejo, Luetzelburg (! Mez).
Fic. 19.—Dyckia minarum: a, Section of inflorescence (After Flora Brasil- iensis), X1; b, sepal, X1; c, petals and stamens, <1; d, pistil, X1; e, seed, X 5.
Fic. 20.—Dyckia weddelliana: a, Habit, 1/20; b, section of leaf, X1; c, flower, X 1; d, petals and stamens, <1; ¢, pistil, * 2.
Baia: Joazeiro, Rio Sao Francisco, Luetzelburg (! Mez). Serra da Lapa, Rio Sao Francisco, Luetzelburg (! Mez). Sincora, Martius (M, type, F neg. 8630).
Minas Gerais: Lagoa Santa, Warming 21712 (! Mez).
46. Dyckia warmingii Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 481. 1894. Minas Gerats: Lagoa Santa, Hoehne ex Rondon 6363 (R, old specimen, de- termination uncertain) ; Warming (C, type, F neg. 22329). Macbride’s photograph indicates that some large bracts from some genus other than Dyckia are mixed with the type.
47. Dyckia bracteata (Wittm.) Mez in Mart. Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 3:.470. 1894. Dyckia dissitiflora var. bracteata Wittm. Bot. Jahrb. 13, Beibl. 29: 16. 1891. Minas Gerais: Serra do Ouro Branco, Schenck 3510 (LZ, type).
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 71
48. Dyckia niederleinii Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3:.474. 1804. Dyckia missionum Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3:.477. 1804. Dyckia missionum var. breviflora Hassler, Ann. Conserv. & Jard. Bot. Genéve 20: 316. I9Q109. Brazit: Probable, but not yet recorded. ARGENTINA: Sierra de Santa Ana, Territorio de Misiones, Niederlein 229 in part (B, type, F neg. 11443); Niederlein 229 in part (B, type of Dyckia missionum Mez, F neg. 11441).
49. Dyckia lutziana L. B. Smith, Arquiv. Bot. Estado Sdo Paulo nov. ser.
1: 107, pl. 107. 1943. Brazit: Foster 1144b (GH, type, US neg. 4099).
50. Dyckia saxatilis Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9: 518. 1806.
Minas Gerais: Belo Horizonte, Mello Barreto 4085 (R). Serra da Cachoeira do Campo, Schwacke 8948 (B, type, F neg. 11447).
Mato Grosso: Chapada, Hoehne in Rondon 4545-4550 (R). Arica, Cabeca de Boi (near Cuiaba), Hoehne in Rondon 3545-3547 (R, US neg. 3601).
51. Dyckia maracasensis Ule, Bot. Jahrb. 42: 197. 1908. Baia: Maracas, Foster 2459 (US); Ule 7019 (B, type, F neg. 11439).
52. Dyckia uleana Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9: 517. 1806. GorAs: Mossamedes, Ule 510 (R, US neg. 3604); Ule 3134 (Type. In hb. Taubert according to Mez, in Manaus according to Ule).
53. Dyckia sellowiana Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9: 520. 1896. Rio GRANDE Do Sut (?): Sellow Bromel. 52 (P, type, GH neg. 3005).
54. Dyckia weddelliana Baker, Handb. Bromel. 132. 1889. FiGuRE 20.
Brazit: Weddell 2584 (P, type, GH neg. 3001).
Minas GertAs: Mun. Ituiutaba: Santa Terezinha, Macedo 1673 (US); 2200 (US).
55. Dyckia racemosa Baker, Handb. Bromel. 132. 1889. GorAs: Arraias, Gardner 4015 (K, type, K neg.).
1o. Navia Mart. ex Schult. f.
Navia Mart. ex Schult. f. in R. & S. Syst. 7, pt. 2: p. Ixv, 1195. 1830. The name proposed for conservation, cf. Arquiv. Bot. Estado Sado Paulo n. ser, 2: 197. 1952.
Mountains and hills along the northern rim of the Amazon Basin in Colombia, Venezuela, British Guiana, and Surinam.
1. Inflorescence elongate, interrupted.................000 1. N. caulescens 1. Inflorescence densely capitate or glomerate. 2. Scape present, slender, covered by the subentire leaves; sepals 10 mm. long; PMANSTSOMOW. ic Peia's 600s cirains dics o.ade sida ed emanate 2. N. myriantha 2. Scape lacking; inflorescence sessile in the center of the terminal leaves. 3. Sepals 50 mm. long; leaves entire with blades 23 mm. wide; petals fone-pirples Cig. Shi) isid. evs ovcwbidsias dete ew sed wel. 3. N. lopezii 3. Sepals 4-19 mm. long; leaves serrulate with blades 6-15 mm. wide. 4. Inflorescence subglobose; leaf-blades flat, uniform.
72 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
5. Leaf-blades 6 mm. wide; sepals 4 mm. long......... 4. N. acaulis 5. Leaf-blades 15 mm. wide; sepals 19 mm. long... 5. N. angustifolia 4. Inflorescence subdigitate from numerous short spikes; leaf-blades with crisped margins and strongly marked median channel; sepals
8: mm, long, 222i ee ere deter et bore ieee 6. N. crispa
1. NW. caulescens Mart. ex Schult. f. in R. & S. Syst. 7, pt. 2: 1195. 1830.
BraziL: Probable, but not yet recorded.
CoLtompia: Serra de Araracoara, Martius (M, type). Cerro de Cupati, middle Rio Japura, Ducke (MG, US) ; Schultes 5859 (US).
2. Navia myriantha L. B. Smith ex R. E. Schultes, Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard 15:41. IQ5I. Amazonas: Serra Dimiti, upper Rio Negro, R. E. Schultes & F. Lépez 9055 (US, type).
3. Navia lopezii L. B. Smith ex R. E. Schultes, Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard 15:40. 19051. FIGURE 21. Amazonas: Serra Dimiti, upper Rio Negro, R. E. Schultes & F. Lépez 9956 (US, type). Atso: VENEZUELA.
4. Navia acaulis Mart. ex Schult. f. in R. & S. Syst. 7, pt. 2: 1196. 1830. BraziL: Probable, but not yet recorded. CoLtompia: Serra de Araracoara, upper Rio Japura, Martius (M, type).
5. Navia angustifolia (Baker) Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9: 553. 1806. Cryptanthus angustifolius Baker, Handb. Bromel. 15. 1880.
BraziL: Probable, but not yet recorded.
BritisH GuiaANA: Marima (Maringma), Appun 1055 (K, type, GH neg. 1373).
6. Navia crispa L. B. Smith, Phytologia 4: 378, pl. 1, figs. I-3. 1953.
Amazonas: Rocky ground at foot of serra, Tunui, Rio Igana, Pires 725 (IAN, US).
ALSO: VENEZUELA.
11. Tillandsia L. Tillandsia L. Sp. Pl. 286. 1753. Southeastern United States to northern Argentina and Chile.
1. Stamens equaling the petals or shorter. 2. Sepals symmetric, or if slightly asymmetric then ovate or lanceolate and broadest below the middle. 3. Stamens appearing in the throat of the corolla; style slender, much longer than the ovary. 4. Filaments straight; flowers distichous in all Brazilian species. (Fig.
23.) 5. Stamens only a little shorter than the narrow suberect entire petal- blades!’ 4 20.) 22 Seb etter cates baele Subgenus Allardtia
6. Inflorescence 3 dm. long or more, laxly paniculate; species of northern and northwestern Brazil.
7. Leaf-blades ligulate, broadly acute; spikes not over 9 cm. long;
floral bracts imbricate, carinate, 2 cm. long..... 1. T. duidae
no. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 73
7. Leaf-blades narrowly triangular, acuminate; spikes elongate.
8. Floral bracts imbricate, 2 cm. long; spikes to 15 cm. long in
the Brazilian variety of the species........ 2. T. elongata
8. Floral bracts not imbricate, much less than twice the length
of the internodes, 5 cm. long; lateral spikes to 55 cm. long. ent ee We, MIN Cie, SUT See 3. T. adpressiflora
6. Inflorescence less than 3 dm. long, densely to laxly paniculate or
simple; floral bracts imbricate.
9. Inflorescences numerous in the leaf-axils, always simple; leaf- blades ligulate, broadly acute or subobtuse; floral bracts imbricate, exceeding the 10-15 mm. long sepals.
4. T. complanata
9. Inflorescence single, terminal, simple or compound; leaf-blades narrowly triangular, acuminate.
10. Primary bracts conspicuous, the lower ones nearly or quite equaling the axillary spikes; inflorescence very dense; leaf-blades 30-40 mm. wide; floral bracts carinate; sepals 18-20 m. long, much connate posteriorly... 5. T. turneri
10. Primary bracts much shorter than the axillary spikes or else the inflorescence simple; leaf-blades 5-20 mm. wide.
11. Leaves covered with conspicuous spreading scales especially along the margins; floral bracts 20-25 mm. long, nearly or quite glabrous, ecarinate......... 6. T. lorentziana
11. Leaves covered with appressed or subappressed scales; floral bracts 11-20 mm. long, usually densely lepidote.
12. Plant stemless; inflorescence compound, fan-shaped with all the spikes in one plane; leaf-blades 6-20 mm. wide; floral bracts ecarinate. (Fig. 23.) i 7. T. didisticha 12. Plant with a stem up to 14 cm. long; inflorescence simple; leaf-blades 5 mm. wide.......... 8. T. dura 5. Stamens barely exceeding the claws of the petals; petal-blades spreading, broad, crenate-serrate; inflorescence simple; sepals to 42 mm. long in the Brazilian species......... Subgenus Aérobia 9. T. xiphioides 4. Filaments more or less transversely plicate or widened toward their apices; inflorescence dense, often simple with the flowers in more than 2 ranks; leaf-blades narrowly triangular or sometimes linear. OPER AAA OSY) U5 Chews cove sacs ete anes Subgenus Anoplophytum 13. Inflorescence compound; flowers in 2 ranks on the spikes.
14. Floral bracts densely imbricate and concealing the rhachis, ex- ceeding the 10-14 mm. long sepals; leaf-blades narrowly tri- angular, 15-20 mm. wide, coarsely cinereous-lepidote.
10. T. gardneri
14. Floral bracts separate and disclosing almost the whole rhachis.
15. Leaf-scales coarse, spreading; leaves 9 cm. long, 10-15 mm.
wide, without a distinct sheath; sepals 16 mm. long, the posterior ones connate for 10 mm..... 11. T. brachyphylla
15. Leaf-scales appressed; leaves about 10-20 cm. long; sepals
12-15 mm. long, the posterior ones short-connate.
74 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL, 126
16. Leaf-sheaths not distinct from the narrowly triangular blades; floral bracts shorter than the sepals. (Fig. 24.)
12. T. geminiflora
16. Leaf-sheaths distinct from the linear blades; floral bracts
about equaling the sepals................ 13. T. globosa
13. Inflorescence simple; flowers usually in more than 2 ranks (only
2 in varieties of T. pulchella and T. stricta).
17. Sepals free or equally short-connate; plants generally stemless
or short-caulescent (sometimes long-caulescent in T. pohliana).
18. Sepals glabrous, lanceolate or lance-ovate.
19. Leaves covered with coarse spreading scales, 3-4 cm. long. 14. T. sprengeliana
19. Leaves covered with appressed scales, 6-18 cm. long. 20. Scape very short, hidden by the leaves ; leaves rigid, curved
and often secund, acuminate but subpungent.
15. T. rosea 20. Scape evident; leaves flexible, not much curved, filiform- ACUMAMIALS TCE 1 ARS. Dove bale old's EWie- vale wa 0's 16. T. stricta
18. Sepals lepidote.
21. The sepals coriaceous, thick, suborbicular... 17. T. pohliana 21. The sepals membranaceous; lance-ovate. 18. T. meridionalis 17. Sepals much more highly connate posteriorly than anteriorly; plants in general strongly caulescent.
22. Leaf-blades slender (about 20 times as long as wide), or if robust then strongly secund, rather flexible; inflorescence few-flowered ; petals white to pale blue.
23. Scape exceeding the short stout strongly secund leaves;
petals to GO Mimi WOH. i sce s ee cece 19. T, araujei 23. Scape usually shorter than the slender leaves; petals not OVEF20.dnit TIGHE real. (aisein. ee ee 20. T. pulchella
22. Leaf-blades stouter (about Io times as long as wide), scarcely if at all secund, 5-13 mm. wide, rigid; inflorescence 5-20- flowered; petals usually dark blue, 17-27 mm. long. 21. T. aéranthos 3. Stamens deeply included; style short and stout; leaf-blades narrowly triangular or linear in the Brazilian species. (Figs. 27, 28.) 24. Petal-blades broad, conspicuous; sepals 10-30 mm. long in the Bra- zilian species ( Pigt 27.) . <0sceeene ee wee Subgenus Phytarrhiza 25. Scape completely covered by its bracts; leaves in more than 2 ranks. 26. Floral bracts 20-40 mm. long; inflorescence simple; plant stem- less. 27. Flowers imbricate at and after anthesis.
28. Floral bracts coriaceous, glabrous, to 4 cm. long; inflores- cence elliptic, 55 mm. wide; leaf-sheaths red-striate; leaf- blades 7-12 mm. wide. (Fig. 26.)........ 22. T. anceps
28. Floral bracts membranaceous, lepidote, about 2 cm. long; inflorescence narrowly lanceolate, 6-10 mm. wide; leaf- sheaths concolorous; leaf-blades 1-2 mm. wide.
23. T. linearis
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 75
27. Flowers spreading, not imbricate at anthesis; floral bracts coriaceous or subcoriaceous, 17 mm. long; rhachis alate- ha: iene: rn ie ile Naas acthskimish ork cl 24. T. monadelpha
26. Floral bracts not more than 12 mm. long; inflorescence usually compound; plant usually caulescent.
29. Leaf-scales subappressed; leaf-blades stout, spirally twisted; inflorescence much branched......... 25. T. decomposita
29. Leaf-scales spreading ; leaf-blades slender, usually twisted only near their apices; inflorescence few-branched or even simple. TT 1 RR RNC Re I 8 26. T. streptocarpa
25. Scape naked or with 1 or 2 bracts which cover only a small part of it; leaves in 2 ranks.
30. Petals bright yellow; floral bracts to 20 mm. long, about equal- ing the sepals; leaf-blades 2-5 mm. in diameter, covered with Narrow: retronsé, scales. ¢....:40:5 waked serene oo vas Sick. eacata
30. Petals blue or purple; floral bracts 9 mm. long, much shorter than the sepals; leaf-blades 1-1.5 mm. in diameter, covered with broad subappressed scales; sepals 12.5 mm. long (dis- tinction from T. recurvata in fruit)..... 28. T. mallemontii
24. Petal-blades narrow and inconspicuous; sepals 6-9 mm. long in the
Brazilian species; inflorescence almost always simple; small plants
with the appearance of coarse mosses. (Fig. 28.)
Subgenus Diaphoranthema 31. Leaves in many ranks; scape evident, covered with bracts.
32. Spike lax with a geniculate axis, to 4 cm. long and 16-flowered ; leaves 2-4 Guo longi. i PUR. 29. T. loliacea
32. Spike dense with a straight axis, not more than 17 mm. long, I-5-flowered; leaves 1 cm. long or rarely to 2 cm.
30. T. tricholepis 31. Leaves in 2 ranks; scape largely naked or else absent.
33. Stem usually shorter than the leaves and always covered by them; scape terminal, always evident; sepals not more than 9 mm. long (distinction from T. mallemontii in fruit).
31. T. recurvata
33. Stem to 8 m. long, exposed between the leaves; scape almost none ; flowers solitary on short pseudo-axillary branches. (Fig. Bare. tas oe a eee 32. T. usneoides
2. Sepals asymmetric, nearly or quite free, broadest near the apex, not over 9 mm. long in the Brazilian species; inflorescence laxly bipinnate in the Peramiiiam species: 227 fee eh cae ed Subgenus Pseudo-Catopsis
34. Leaf-blades ligulate, rounded at the apex, usually with dark irregular cross-bands; floral bracts equaling the sepals; spikes dense. 33. T. triticea 34. Leaf-blades narrowly triangular, acuminate, concolorous; floral bracts usually shorter than the sepals; spikes lax. 35. Flowers erect or ascending ; spikes erect; scape decurved ; leaf-blades eee UTE 1S, BO, )i« » «05, FZ ecala seein 34. T. aéris-incola 35. Flowers spreading; spikes spreading to reflexed; species of northern Brazil.
76 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
36. Scape-bracts much shorter than the internodes; primary bracts very short; leaf-blades 6 mm. wide........... 35. T. jenmanii 36. Scape-bracts about equaling the internodes; primary bracts about half as long as the spikes; leaf-blades to 20 mm. wide. 36. T. caribaea 1. Stamens longer than the petals, exserted; leaf-blades narrowly triangular or linear in the Brazilian species..............e000- Subgenus Tillandsia 37. Leaf-sheaths nearly flat, their apices widely separated from the scape; floral bracts coriaceous or subcoriaceous. 38. Leaf-blades narrowly triangular, 10-30 mm. wide at the base; leaf- sheaths broad; floral bracts nearly or quite glabrous. 39. Spikes not more than 12 mm. wide; leaf-sheaths the same color as the blades except for their extreme bases which are pale-ferrugi-
nous; inflorescence usually compound......... 37. T. polystachia 39. Spikes to 4 cm. wide; leaf-sheaths dark castaneous at least toward the base.
40. Floral bracts pale, coriaceous, even or slightly nerved; sepals lanceolate, acute, connate posteriorly; inflorescence often com-
POW, 6. a.0,0:5/5 ete ie Ie tn NTS, ANGI 38. T. fasciculata 40. Floral bracts blackening when dry, probably fleshy in life; sepals elliptic, obtuse, free; inflorescence simple. .... 39. T. kegeliana
38. Leaf-blades linear-subulate, very narrow; leaf-sheaths narrow; floral bracts densely lepidote at least when young; sepals connate poste- riorly.
41. Inflorescence usually shorter than the leaves, when simple its flowers in 2 ranks, when compound lax at least toward the base.
40. T. tenuifolia
41. Inflorescence usually equaling or exceeding the leaves, when simple its flowers in more than 2 ranks, when compound very dense with its bracts :fmassed Bclowhibw). saeae otifaws te <at~ ave's 41. T. juncea
37. Leaf-sheaths inflated and forming a pseudo-bulb, their apices enclosing the scape or the base of the inflorescence; floral bracts subcoriaceous to subchartaceous.
42. Upper scape-bracts merely apiculate; leaf-blades only curved; sepals free, ecarinate; petals red. (Fig. 30.)............ 42. T. paraénsis
42. Upper scape-bracts, or lacking an evident scape the lowest primary bracts, with long foliaceous blades; leaf-blades contorted; sepals more or less connate posteriorly; petals blue or purple.
43. Leaves covered with minute appressed scales; scape short but evi- dent; inflorescence simple or digitate; spikes lanceolate; floral bracts..10=85. srt. lOne aids thee dedaeniy's « ata poid- wy 43. T. bulbosa
43. Leaves covered with coarse spreading scales; scape not evident; inflorescence usually simple; spikes broad; floral bracts 20-26 mm. (0s) ee ee a ee 44. T. pruinosa
Subgenus Allardtia (A. Dietr.) Baker
1. Tillandsia duidae L. B. Smith, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 58: 340, pl. 26, fig. 3 (1-4). 10931.
BraziIL: Probable, but not yet recorded.
VENEZUELA: Mount Roraima, Steyermark 58908 (F, GH).
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 77
2. Tillandsia elongata H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1:203. 1816. 1. Spikes to 40-flowered, very long and slender............. Var. a. elongata 1, Spikes to 20-flowered, 15 cm. long, 12 mm. wide...... Var. b. subimbricata
2a. Tillandsia elongata var. elongata. Not recorded in or near Brazil.
Fic. 21.—Navia lopesii: a, Habit, < 1/10; b, sepals, 1; c, diagram of imbrication of sepals. Fic. 22.—Tillandsia adpressiflora: a, Habit, X 1/40; b, section of spike, X13'c, sepal, <1; d, seed XT.
2b. Tillandsia elongata var. subimbricata (Baker) L. B. Smith, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 43:68. 1053. Tillandsia subimbricata Baker, Journ. Bot. 25: 304. 1887. Tillandsia orthorhachis Mez & C. F. Baker, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 30: 435. 1903. Rio Branco: Isla do Ajarani, J. G. Kuhlmann 391 (RB). Aso: México (Yucatan), NicarAcuA, PANAMA, CuBA, JAMAICA, TRINIDAD, CoLoMBIA.
3. Tillandsia adpressiflora Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9: 661. 1806. Ficure 22.
Amazonas: Rio Jurua-Mirim, Ule 5618 (B (F neg. 11473), GH).
ALso: SURINAM, VENEZUELA, PERU.
4. Tillandsia complanata Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulphur 173. 1846. Rio Branco: Mount Roraima, Ule 8560 (MG, K). Atso: Costa Rica and the West Inpies to Bottvia and British GUIANA.
78 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
5. Tillandsia turneri Baker, Journ. Bot. 26: 144. May 1888. Tillandsia rhodocincta Baker, Journ. Bot. 26: 143. May 1888. Tillandsia cornuaulti André, Enum. Bromél. 8. Dec. 1888. Guzmania cornuaulti André ex Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9: 925. 1896. Tillandsia multifolia Mez, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 12: 420. 1913. Thecophyllum cornuaulit Mez in Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 32: 423. 1935. Rio Branco: Mount Roraima, Ule 8558 (B, type of Tillandsia multifolia Mez (F neg. 11515), K). Atso: British GUIANA, VENEZUELA, COLOMBIA,
6. Tillandsia lorentziana Griseb. Pl. Lorentz. in Goett. Abh. 19: 271. 1874.
Mato Grosso: Urucum, near Corumba, Foster 1159 (GH).
ParaANA: Mun. Ponta Grossa: Vila Velha, Dusén 2756 (R); 2810 (S); 7624 (S); 9528 (S); Foster 412 (GH, R); M. Kuhlmann (SP); Paech 5680 (HBR).
Rio GRANDE pO SUL: Quari, Jarau, Rambo (LIL). Sao Leopoldo, Eugenio 2211 (GH); Rambo (LIL).
Atso: Paracuay, Borivia, ARGENTINA.
4. Tillandsia didisticha (E. Morr.) Baker, Journ. Bot. 26:16, 1888. Ficure 23. Anoplophytum didistichum E. Morr. Belg. Hortic. 31: 164. 1881. Tillandsia oranensis Baker, Handb. Bromel. 173. 1880. Tillandsia crassifolia Baker, Handb. Bromel. 174. 1889. Tillandsia goyazensis Mez, Bot. Jahrb. 30, Beibl. 67: 11. 1901. Guszmania complanata Wittm. Mededell. Rijks Herb. 29:92. 1916. GorAs: Serra da Arruda, near Pireneos, Glaziou 22196 (K, isotype of Tillandsia goyazensis Mez, GH neg. 2726). Mato Grosso: Hoehne (SP). Corumba, Foster 1056 (GH). Sao Luiz de Caceres, Hoehne in Rondon 556 (R).
8. Tillandsia dura Baker, Handb. Bromel. 168. 1880.
Distrito FeperAL: Morro do Archer, Brade & Duarte 18576 (RB). Serra da Carioca, L. B. Smith 1280 (BM, F, GH, K, US). Tijuca, Glaziou 11689 (P) ; 16460 (K, type (GH neg. 2633), US); L. B. Smith 2126 (B, GH, S).
SAo Pauto: Alto da Serra, Smith & King 1933 (GH). Ribeirao Pires, Edzwall (GH, SP). Sao Paulo, Krieger 176 (SP). Sao Vicente, Santos, Mosén 3716 (S).
SANTA CaTARINA: Pildes, Palhoca, Reitz 4259 (HBR, US); L. B. Smith 6207 (R, US) ; 6215a (R, RB, US).
Subgenus Aérobia Mez
9. Tillandsia xiphioides Ker, Bot. Reg. 2: pl. 105. 1816.
Rio GRANDE pO SuL-SANTA CaTARINA: Boundary near Colonia Sao Pedro, A. R. Schultz 767 (US).
Aso: Urucuay, Paracuay, ARGENTINA, BoLIiviA.
Subgenus Anoplophytum (Beer) Baker
10. Tillandsia gardneri Lindl. Bot. Reg. 28: sub pl. 63. 1842. Tillandsia fluminensis Mez in Mart. Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 591. 1804. Tillandsia regnellii Mez in Mart. Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 592, pl. ro. 1804.
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 79
Tillandsia cambuquirensis A. Silveira, Floralia Montium 2:27, pl. 11, fig. 2. 1931. Tillandsia venusta A. Silveira, Floralia Montium 2:29, pl. 12. 1931.
Praui: Southern part of state, Luetzelburg (! Mez).
CearA: Alemdo e Cysneiros 1526 in part (R). Serra do Araripe, Luetzelburg (! Mez). Barra da Santa Rosa, Luetzelburg (! Mez).
Paraisa: Campina Grande to Caruaru (in Pernambuco), Foster 2423 (US).
Bafa: Agua Preta, Foster 66 (GH). Bom Jesus do Rio de Contas, Luetzel- burg (! Mez). Jacobina, Foster 1o1 (GH, R). Paramirim, Luetzelburg (1! Mez).
Espirito SANTO: (Bananal) Viana Freire 49 (R).
Minas Gerats: Belo Horizonte, Foster 531 (GH). Caldas, Mosén 3989 (S); Regnell III-1798 (S, US isotypes of Tillandsia regnellii Mez). Passo Quatro, Rio Retiro, Brade & Silva Araujo 19071 (RB). Mun. Nova Lima: Lagoa Grande, Williams & Assis 5790 (GH). Fazenda de Mutuda, Melo Barreto 4910 (R). Mun. Santa Barbara: Caraca, Foster 687 (GH).
Rio pE JANEIRO: Campos, Sampaio 2913 (R); 8502 in part (R). Soberbo to Guapi, L. B. Smith 1534 (GH).
Distrito FEDERAL: Gavea, Reitz 4777 (! Reitz). Praia de Grumari, near Guaratiba, Smith & Mus. R 6535 (US, sterile). Jacarepagua, Ule 4050 (R). Recreio de Bandeirantes, Lutz 615 (GH). Rio de Janeiro, Andersson (S); Gardner 134 (K, type, GH neg. 2725); Widgren (S). Tijuca, Lindman A-45 (S). Restinga da Tijuca, Machado (RB).
SAo Pavuto: Caraguatatuba, Hoehne & Gehrt (SP). Itirapina, Gehrt (GH, SP). Santos, Mosén 3717 (S). Sao Vicente, L. B. Smith 2095 (B, GH, S).
ParaANnA: Jacarei, Dusén 15405 (S).
SAnTA CATARINA: Blumenau, Reitz 4059 (HBR). Canto Grande, Porto Belo, Reitz 3627 (HBR); 3657 (HBR). Itajai, Reitz 4050 (HBR). Corupa, Jaragua do Sul, Reitz 4038 (HBR). Sombrio, Ararangua, Reitz C-465 (GH, US).
Rio GRANDE DO SuL: Mun. Torres: Campo Bonito, Reitz 4424 (HBR).
Aso: TRINIDAD, VENEZUELA, COLOMBIA.
11. Tillandsia brachyphylla Baker, Journ. Bot. 26:16. 1888. Anoplophytum binotii E. Morr. ex Baker, Handb. Bromel. 200. 1880, nomen in synonymy. Brazit: Binot (K, Morren Icones, type of Anoplophytum binotii E. Morr.). Rio pE JANEIRO: Serra dos Orgaos, Moura (R, US neg. 4200). Distrito FEpERAL: Gavea, Frazéo Armando (RB, US); Glaziou 8018 (K, type, US neg. 3078) ; Smith & Mus. R 6431 (R, US).
12. Tillandsia geminiflora Brongn. in Duperrey Voy. Coquille 186. 18209. 1. Scales of the leaves closely appressed............see0. Var. a. geminiflora R secanee Gitne leaves SPreadIng,... as « « aed sis oda eine wamtiactele Var. b. incana
12a. Tillandsia geminiflora Brongn. var. geminiflora. FIcuRE 24.
Espiriro Santo: (Bananal), Viana Freire 46 (R).
Minas Gerais: Caldas, Mosén 1945 (S); 4438 (S); Regnell I-282-a (S, US); I-282-b (S, US). Sao Miguel, Mexia 5239-a (GH, US). Mun. Conceigao do Mato Dentro: Serra do Cipd, Foster 616 (GH). Mun. Santa Barbara: Caraca, Foster 717 (GH).
80 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
Mato Grosso: Rio Jaurt, Hoehne in Rondon 889 (R); 928 (R); 929 (R); 930 (R). Palmeiras, Lindman A-2605 (S).
Rro bE JANEIRO: Nova Friburgo, Lutz 1015 (R). Petropolis, Foster 38 (GH). Petrépolis to Raiz da Serra, L. B. Smith 1328 (GH). Teresdpolis, Duarte & Pereira (RB).
Distrito FEDERAL: Morro do Archer, Brade & Duarte 18577 (RB). Represa de Camorim, Peckolt, Freire & Sampaio (R). Corcovado, Lindman A-41 (S); LZ. B. Smith 1262 (B, BA, BM, F, GH, K, S, US). Jacarepagua, Hoehne (SP). Pico do Papagaio, Mello Filho & Dansereau 375 (R). Tijuca, Lindman A-47 (S); A-51 (S). Vista Chineza, Saldanha et al. (R).
Fic. 23. Fic. 24.
Fic. 23.—Tillandsia didisticha: a, Inflorescence, X %; b, sepal, X 1; c, petal and stamen, X I. Fic. 24.—Tillandsia geminiflora var. geminiflora: a, Habit, X %; b, primary bract and spike, <1; c, sepal, X 1; d, petal and stamen, XI.
Saio Pauto: Alto da Serra, Gehrt (SP). Atibaia, Duarte (SP). Campinas, Campos Novaes 1203 (US); Viegas (SP). Campos do Jordao, Hoehne (SP). Serra de Caracol, Mosén 1732 (S). Itt, Russel (SP). Santo Amaro, Krieger 175 (SP). (Socorro), Viegas & Zagato (IAC). Soro- caba, Santos, Mosén 2984 (S); 3804 (S). Mun. Sao Paulo: Handro (SP). Butantan, Hoehne (GH, SP). Cidade Jardim, Krug (SP); Smith & Kuhlmann 1813 (GH). Ipiranga, Luederwaldt (SP). Jardim Botanico, Handro 364 (SP). Pirajussara, Gehrt (GH, SP).
ParANA: Curitiba, Foster 437-F (GH). Guaratuba, Reitz 4240 (HBR). Jaguariaiva, Dusén 10787 (S); 13243 (S); 15528 (GH, S, US). Porto de Cima, Dusén 8447 (S). Saquarema, Stellfeld 4261 (US). Mun. Ponta Grossa: Vila Velha, Foster 424 (GH); M. Kuhlmann (SP).
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 81
Santa CATARINA: D’Urville (P, type, GH neg. 3033). Serra do Mirador, Taio, Reitz 3965 (HBR). Mun. Ararangua: Meleiro, Reitz C-57 (HBR) ; C-59 (GH, HBR). Sombrio, Reitz C-750 (GH, HBR, US) ; C-760 (HBR, US); 1509 (R). Mun. Brusque: Azambuja, Reitz 3028 (HBR, US); 3653 (HBR); 3683 (HBR); 3684 (HBR). Brusque, Smith & Reitz 5765 (US). Mun. Chapec6d: Dionisio Cerqueira, Reitz 4285 (HBR). Mun. Itajai: Praia Braba, Reitz 2306 (HBR). Mun. Jaragua do Sul: Corupa, Seidel 35 (HBR). Mun. Palhoga: Campo de Massiambu, Reitz 1034 (! Reitz) ; 4939 (! Reitz).
Rio GRANDE Do Sut: Pareci Novo, Sehnem 1448 (LIL). Porto Alegre, Lind- man A-503 (S); Rambo (LIL). Sao Leopoldo, Eugenio 119 (R); 1805 (GH). Mun. Torres: Campo Bonito, Reitz 4415 (HBR).
Atso: Paracuay, Urucuay, ARGENTINA.
12b. Tillandsia geminiflora var. incana (Wawra) Mez in Mart. Fl. Bras. 3, Pt. 3:505. 1804. Tillandsia incana Wawra, Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 30: 223. 1880. Rio pE JANEIRO: Itatiaia, Wawra II-508 (W, type). Atso: Urucuay (! Mez).
13. Tillandsia globosa Wawra, Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 30: 222. 1880. 1. Inflorescence not more than bipinnate; spikes 2-3-flowered.
Var. a. globosa 1. Inflorescence tripinnate; some of the spikes 4-flowered....... Var. b. major
13a. Tillandsia globosa var. globosa.
ParaAisa: Ipanargna, Foster 2415 (US).
Baia: Blanchet 1466 (S).
Espirito SANTO: Saint-Hilaire B?-II-284 (P). Mun. Cachoeira do Itapemirim: Foster 162 (GH). Vargem Alta, Foster 906 (GH).
Rio bE JANEIRO: Entre Rios, Wawra 142-b (W, type); 142-c (W). Maua, Ule 4067 (R).
Distrito FEDERAL: Rio de Janeiro, Gaudichaud 360 (P); Wilkes Expedition (GH, US). Tijuca, Lindman A-259 (S).
Sado Pauto: Braganca Paulista, Pires (SP, US). Cubatao, L. B. Smith 2036 (GH). Sado Sebastiio, Handro 365 (SP, US). Sorocaba, Santos, Mosén 2983 (S).
ALso: VENEZUELA.
13b. Tillandsia globosa var. major L. B. Smith, Arquiv. Bot. Estado Sao Paulo nov. ser. 1: 114. 1943. SAio Pauto: Rio Quilombo, near Santos, Doering (SP, type).
14. Tillandsia sprengeliana K1. ex Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 506. 1804. Tillandsia brachyphylla Baker, Handb. Bromel. 200. 1889. In part, not as to type. Braziu: Freyreis (S). Espirito SANTO: Vitoria, Foster 503 (GH). Rio DE JANEIRO: Saint-Hilaire B? 106 (B, type).
15. Tillandsia rosea Lindl. Bot. Reg. 16: pl. 1357. 1830. Anoplophytum roseum (Lindl.) Beer, Bromel. 40. 1857. Tillandsia recurvifolia Hook. Bot. Mag. 87: pl. 5246. 1861.
82 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
Tillandsia langsdorffii Mez in Mart. Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 3:598. 1804. Tillandsia pulchella var. rosea (Lindl.) Mez in Mart. Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 603. 1804. BraziL: Cultivated in England (type, not preserved). Rio pE JANEIRO: Langsdorff (LE, type of Tillandsia langsdorffii Mez). Tere- sopolis, Brade & Pereira 20062 (RB, US).
16. Tillandsia stricta Soland. Bot. Mag. 37: pl. 1529. 1813. tT, Flowero polpsmenoecs. cater et foe des o> sca sine dé bed ecene Var. a. stricta Z., Blowers Gistichous 0) eee ee at Oe wens cece ee ae Var. b. disticha
16a. Tillandsia stricta var. stricta. FIcuRE 25.
Anoplophytum strictum var. krameri André, Rev. Hortic. 60: 350. 1888.
Tillandsia krameri Baker, Handb. Bromel. 197. 1880.
Tillandsia meridionalis Baker, Handb. Bromel. 197. 1889. In part, not as to type.
Tillandsia stricta var. krameri Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 600. 1804.
Brazit: Arduino 10 (LINN, GH neg. 2642); Widgren 1079 (S); cultivated (LG, type of Tillandsia krameri Baker; K, Morren Icon.).
Baia: Agua Preta, Bondar (SP); Foster 78 (GH, R). Salvador, Torrend (FFBahia).
Espirito SANTO: Leopoldina, Luetzelburg (! Mez). Linhares, Foster 785 (GH). Santa Teresa, Foster 307 (GH). Vitoria, Foster 202 (GH). Minas Gerais: Mosén 1733 (S). Caldas, Regnell I-282-c in part (F, S); I-282-d in part (S). Caldas to Serra de Caracol, Mosén 4439 (S). Passa Quatro, Sampaio 6192 (R); 6193 (R). Sitio, Sampaio 248 (R). Vaccaria to Palacios, Serra do Cipo, Foster 633 (GH); 634 (GH). Mun. Caete: Serra Piedade, Foster 672 (GH). Mun. Jaboticatubas: Chapeu de Sol, Serra do Cipo, Smith & Mus. R 7064 (US). Mun. Nova Lima: Serra da Mutuca, Williams & Assis 6201 (GH, US). Mun. Sérro: Boca da Mata,
Williams & Assis 7939 (GH).
Rio DE JANEIRO: Angra dos Reis, M. Kuhlmann 2651 (SP); Luetzelburg (! Mez). Atafona, Sampaio (R); 8046 (R) ; 8061 (R). Campos, Sampaio (R); 7803 (R); 7957 (R); 7958 (R); 8501 (R). Carmo, bank of Rio Paquequer, Neves Armond 126 (R). Iguaba Grande, Rose & Russell 20714 (US). Itatiaia, Dusén 2161 (S); Foster 145 (GH). Ilha de Marambaia, Mello Filho & Santos (R). (Maria), Mus. R 12 (NY). Marica, Vidal (R). Maua, Dusén 232 (S); Ule (R). Restinga de Maud, Hemmendorff 462 (S). Monte Alegre, Vidal 138 (R). Niteroi, Foster 108 (GH). Rio Paquequer, Serra dos Orgiaos, Brade 16603 (RB). Soberbo to Guapi, L. B. Smith 1535 (F, GH). Surui, Foster 329 (GH, R). Teresdpolis, Vasconcelos & Sampaio 2523 (R); Wille (RB). Mun. Cabo Frio: Cabo Frio, Neto, Glaziou & Schwacke (R). Ponta do Gabriel, Smith & Mus. R 6651 (R, US). Praia do Pontal, Smith & Mus. R 6597 (R, US).
Distrito FepERAL: Campo Grande, Parker 1 (R). Serra da Carioca, Smith & Vieira 1204 (GH). Corcovado, Lindman A-43 (S). Ilha das Flores, Parodi (SP). Gavea, Luetzelburg (! Mez). Praia de Grumari, near Guaratiba, Smith & Mus. R 6537 (R, US); 6538 (R, US). Restinga de Jacarepagua, Ule 4051 (R). Jardim Botanico, Bailey 36 (BH); 36-a (BH) ; 496 (BH); Lindman A-233 (S). Quinta da Boa Vista, Lutz 1290 (R); Rente & Eunice 49 (R); Sampaio (R). Ilha do Raimundo, Vidal
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 83
(R). Riachuelo, Neves Armond 291 (R). Rio de Janeiro, Andersson (S) ; Lutz (R); Regnell 213 (S); Riedel 45 (R); Widgren (S); Wilkes Expe- dition (GH, US). Praia de Sernambetiba, Smith & Mus. R 6824 (US). Tijuca, Frazéo 52 (RB); Smith & Brade 2239 (GH). Tijuca to Jacare- pagua, Cochran (R, US). Restinga da Tijuca, Machado (RB). Estrada da Vista Chineza, Occhioni 42 (RB).
Sio Pauto: Boracéa, Lima & da Silva (SP). Boracéa to Salesdpolis, M. Kuhlmann 1695 (SP); 2021 (SP). Braganca Paulista, Duarte 116 (GH, SP). Campinas, Campos Novaes 1203 (GH, SP); Dedecca (IAN). Campo Grande, Loefgren (GH, SP). Cubatao, L. B. Smith 2049 (B, BA, BM, F, GH, K, P, S, US). Santos, Carvalho (IAC); Mosén 3252 (R); Regnell 38 1/64 (S). Sao Vicente, L. B. Smith 2098 (GH). Mun. Amparo: Monte Alegre, M. Kuhlmann 262 (SP). Mun. Sao Paulo: Handro (SP). Bosque da Saude, Hoehne (SP). Butantéa, Hoehne (SP). Serra da Can- tareira, Koscinski 329 (SP). Ipiranga, Luederwaldt (SP). Source of Rio Ipiranga, Hoehne (SP). Pirajussara, Gehrt in L. B. Smith 1823 (GH, S); Gehrt (GH, SP). Santo Amaro, Krieger 173 (SP). Vila Ema, Brade 7202 (SP). Vila Friburgo, Hauff 34 (SP).
ParanA: Casino At, Mattos 4268 (US). Curitiba, Dusén 2411 (R); Foster g (GH); Stellfeld 1544 (US). Rio Marumbi, Dusén 14308 (S). Para- nagua, Tessmann (US). Serrinha, Dusén 7191 (S, US). Tibagi, Reiss 6 (GH, US); 55 (GH, US). Mun. Piraquara: Florestal, Hatschbach 1161 (US); Tessmann (US). Mun. Ponta Grossa: Vila Velha, Dusén 2764 (R); Foster 411 (GH, R); M. Kuhlmann (SP, US).
SANTA CATARINA: Florianépolis, Reitz 3908 (HBR). Itajai, Reitz 3425-a (HBR). Laguna, Reitz & Klein 85 (HBR). Sao Francisco do Sul, Reitz 3902 (HBR). (Nova Teutonia), Plawmann 593 (RB). Mun. Ararangua: Serra do Pilio, Reitz 3425 (HBR). Sombrio, Reitz C-464 (GH); 3693 (HBR). Turvo, Reitz C-203 (GH, HBR); C-204 (GH, HBR) ; 828 (R). Mun. Bom Retiro: Figueiredo, Reitz 2869 (HBR, US). Mun. Brusque: Azambuja, Reitz 3656 (HBR). Brusque, L. B. Smith 5792 (US). Mun. Chapecé: Itapiranga, Reitz 4708 (! Reitz). Mun. Jaragua do Sul: Corupa, Seidel 33 (! Reitz). Mun. Porto Belo: Canto Grande, Reitz 3602 (HBR, US) ; 3602-2 (HBR); 3623 in part (HBR); 3628 in part (HBR); 3654 (HBR); 3655 (HBR). Mun Sado Joaquim: Urubici, Reitz 2908 (HBR, US); 2009 (HBR, US).
Rio Grande vo Sut: Belem Nova, Beetle 1608 (US). Belem Nova, Rio Guaiba, Palacios & Cuezza 411 (LIL). Canoas, Teodoro 73 (US). Colonia Santo Angelo, Lindman A-1033 (S); A-1057 (S). Hamburger Berg, Lindman A-575 (S). Nova Wurtemburg, Bornmueller 393 (GH). Palmares, near Lagoa dos Patos, Rambo (US). Pareci Novo, Sehnem 1656 (LIL). Passo Fundo, Mattos & Laboriou (RB). Porto Alegre, Lindman A-341 (S); Palacios & Cuezza 659 (LIL); Rambo (LIL). Sao Leopoldo, Eugenio 123 (R); 1653 (GH); 1655 (GH). Sao Salvador, Eugenio 3275 (GH). Torres, Vidal (R). Mun. Rio Pardo, Jurgens 267 (US). Mun. Vacaria: Passo do Socorro, Rambo (US).
Aso: TRINIDAD, VENEZUELA, GUIANA, PARAGUAY, ARGENTINA.
16b. Tillandsia stricta var. disticha L. B. Smith, Arquiv. Bot. Estado Sao Paulo nov. ser. I: 115. 10943. ParanA: Mun. Ponta Grossa: Vila Velha, Foster 411a (GH, type).
84 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
17. Tillandsia pohliana Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 5907, pl. rz. 1894. Tillandsia meridionalis sensu Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9: 818. 1896. In part, not Baker. Tillandsia windhausemii Hassler ex Rojas, Rev. Jard. Bot. & Mus. Hist. Nat. Paraguay 2: 183. 1930. Nomen. Tillandsia latisepala L. B. Smith, Proc. Amer. Acad. 68: 148, fl. 1, figs. 6, 7. 1933.
CearA: Araripe, Miranda 1 (IAN).
Minas Gerats: Barbacena, Glaziou 13242 (P). Sao Miguel, Pohl 3658 (W, type). Mun. Ituiutaba: Macedo 511 (US). Santa Terezinha, Macedo 1204 (US).
Mato Grosso: Campo Grande, Foster 1095 (GH). Corumba, Foster 1162 (GH).
SAo Pauto: Campinas, Trevisan 2861 (SP); Trevisan & Viegas 2862 (SP); 2863 (SP). Mun. Amparo: Monte Alegre, M. Kuhlmann 247 (SP).
Aso: Paracuay, ARGENTINA, PERU.
18. Tillandsia meridionalis Baker, Journ. Bot. 26:15. 1888. Rio GRANDE DO SuL: Caxias, Teodoro 231 (R, US). Aso: Paracuay, ARGENTINA,
19. Tillandsia araujei Mez in Mart. F1. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 600, pl. 112, fig. 2. 1894.
Rio DE JANEIRO (?): Glaziou 8019 (P, GH neg. 3020); 15463 (US); 15464 (GH).
Distrito FEDERAL: Morro dos Cabritos, Duarte 959 (RB). Copacabana, collec- tor? (R). Corcovado to Tijuca, Lutz 866 (R). Pedra Dois Irmaos, Rose & Russell 20241 (US). Gavea, Hoehne (SP); Reitz 5682 (HBR) ; Smith & Mus. R 6425 (R, US). Praia de Grumari, near Guaratiba, Smith & Mus. R 6532 (US, lax shade form, sterile). Jacarepagua, Cochran (R); Pereira 622 (RB). Jardim Leblon, Harshberger 851 (US). Praia Leblon, Hoehne 30 (SP). Avenida Niemeier, Brade in L. B. Smith 2169 (GH); Parker (R). Pedra Quilombo, Brade 10876 (R).
SAo Pauto: Ilha dos Alcatrazes, Santos, Loefgren (SP); Luederwaldt & Fonseca (SP).
20. Tillandsia pulchella Hook. Exot. Fl. 2: pl. 154. 1825. 1. Leaf-blades flat near the base, merging gradually into the sheaths, usually equaling or exceeding the simple or few-branched stem. 2. Plant not distinctly dorsi-ventral ; leaves not completely secund, diverging from one another. 3. Inflorescence shorter than the slender leaves; leaves scarcely or not at all secund. Ai. PIO WeEFS\POlYSHCROES <. « wxidiaadeeee = em sihlm «ae ree Var. a. pulchella A: TIO WETS \CISH@UOTIS, « otek gnc Pee A Ries Sich hinges Var. b. disticha 3. Inflorescence exceeding the stout usually secund leaves. Var. c. surinamensis 2. Plant distinctly dorsi-ventral; leaves very densely ascending-secund with the blades closely approximates. ecihcjeissse)ee siccrisw'sie ss Var. d. saxicola 1. Leaf-blades involute throughout and thus contrasting sharply with the sheaths, very slender, much shorter than the long branching stem, often SRA, sac anths «vis u's dio ey tet ce ae OE Aw Senate oie Var. e. vaginata
a
we. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 85
20a. Tillandsia pulchella var. pulchella.
Tillandsia pulchra Hook. Exot. Fl. 2: sub pl. 154. 1825. With the text.
Tillandsia subulata Vell. Fl. Fluminensis 133. 1825; Icon. 3: pl. 127. 1835.
? Tillandsia autumnalis F. Mueller, Gartenflora 42: 737. 1893.
Tillandsia astragaloides Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 601. 1894.
Tillandsia pulchella var. rosea Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 603. 1894, in part, not as to basonym.
Tillandsia pseudo-stricta Chodat & Vischer, Bull. Soc. Bot. Genéve II. 8: 263, figs. 122, 123. 1916.
BraziL: Sellow bromel. 87 (P); 91 (P).
ParA: Belém, Archer 7833 (IAN).
CearA: Allemao e Cysneiros 1526 in part (R).
PERNAMBUCO: SAo Bento, Tapera, Pickel 137 (SP).
Baia: Maracas, Foster 2464 (US).
Espirito Santo: (Bananal), Viana Freire 50 (R). (Goitacazes), Rio Doce, J. G. Kuhlmann 138 (RB).
Minas Gerats: Regnell I-282-c in part (US).
Mato Grosso: Cascata do Angelim, Serra do Itapirapua, Lindman A-3523 (S). Guaira, Cullen (RB).
Rio pE JANEIRO: Boa Vista, Rio Paraiba, Neto, Glasiowu & Schwacke (R). Serra dos Orgaos, Schreiner (R). Petrdpolis, Glaziou 8025 (P). Tere- sopolis, FrazGo (RB); Sampaio 2538 (R).
Distrito FEDERAL: Copacabana, Glaziow 2730 (P); Serra da Carioca, Estrada da Sumaré, Pabst 10081 (Pabst).
SAo Pauto: Campinas, Campos Novaes 1201 (SP). Campos do Jordao, Hoehne (GH, SP). Monte Alegre do Sul, M. Kuhlmann 1885 (SP). Santos, Mosén 3252 in part (S). Serra Negra, Hoehne (SP). Mun. Amparo: Monte Alegre, Kuhlmann & Kiihn 358 (SP). Mun. Sao Paulo: Edwall (SP). Butanta, Gehrt (SP). Vila Ema, Brade 7582 (R).
ParANA: Linha Esperanga to Prudentopolis, Frenzel 650 (HBR, Inst. Biol. Pesq. Tec.). Tibagi, Reiss 83 (GH, US). Mun. Paranagua: Vossoroca, Hatschbach 2483 (US). Mun. Ponta Grossa: Vila Velha, Dusén 7235 (S) ; 15525 (S); Hoehne (SP); M. Kuhlmann (SP).
SANTA CaTaRINA: Mun. Ararangua: Sombrio, Reitz C-644 (GH). Mun. Biguagu: Fachinal, Reitz 4101 in part (HBR). Mun. Chapeco: Dionisio Cerqueira, Reitz 4505 (HBR). Itapiranga, Reitz 4606 (HBR). Rio Peperi- Guacu, Itapiranga, Reitz 4284 (HBR).
Rio GRANDE do SuL: Santo Angelo, Lindman A-1037 (S). Sao Leopoldo, Eugenio 120 (R); 212 (SP) ; 2611 (GH) ; 2614 (GH, HBR). “Theewald,” Bornmueller 709 (GH).
Aso: West INpIEs, VENEZUELA, GUIANA, BotiviA, PARAGUAY, ARGENTINA.
2ob. Tillandsia pulchella var. disticha L. B. Smith, Arquiv. Bot. Estado Sao Paulo nov. ser. 1: 114, pl. 117. 1943.
Distrito FEeperAL: Rio de Janeiro, Wilkes Expedition (GH, type, US neg.
4100).
20c. Tillandsia pulchella var. surinamensis Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3:
603. 1804. Tillandsia surinamensis Miq. ex Mez in Mart. Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 603.
1894. Nomen, in synon.
86 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
Tillandsia firmula Mez in Mart. Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 603. 1894. Tillandsia pulchella forma surinamensis Mez in Luetzelburg, Estudo Bot. Nordéste 3: 104. 1923.
Brazit: Sellow bromel. 89 (P).
Praui: Southern part of state, Luetzelburg (! Mez).
CearA: Aratuba (Coite or Santos Dumont), Cutler 8177 (US).
Paraipa: Serra da Aba, Luetzelburg (1! Mez). Serra d’Olho d’Agua, Luetzel- burg (! Mez). Serra dos Prazeres, Luetzelburg (! Metz).
Baia: Agua Preta, Foster 109 (GH, R). Serra das Almas, Luetzelburg (! Mez).
Espiriro SANTO: Santa Teresa, Foster 306 (GH).
Minas Gerais: Pedra Branca, Caldas, Mosén 3990 (S).
Distrito FeperRAL: Serra da Carioca, L. B. Smith 2150 (GH). Corcovado, Glaziou 3127 (P, isotype of Tillandsia firmula Mez, GH neg. 3012).
Sio Pauto: Burchell 4222 (K) ; Sellow 5877 (B, F neg 11496). Alto da Serra, Gehrt (SP). Iguape, Santos, Hoehne (SP). Jaragua, Brade 7203 (SP). Ubatuba, Viegas, Franco & Lima (IAC). Mun. Sao Paulo: Cidade Jardim, Smith & Kuhlmann 1812 (GH). Santo Amaro, Krieger 174 (SP).
Parana: Alto da Serra, Foster 403 (GH, R). Ponta Grossa, Reitz 5733 (! Reitz).
Santa CATARINA: Sao Francisco do Sul, Reitz 4012 (HBR). Mun. Araran- gua: Espigao de Barro, Reitz C-606 (GH). Peroba, Reitz C-472 (GH). Peroba, Sombrio, Reitz 3705-b (HBR). Sombrio, Reitz 3763 (HBR, US). Mun. Blumenau: Garcia, Reitz 4642 (! Reitz). Mun. Imarui: Vargem do Cedro, Reitz 4530 (HBR). Mun. Jaragua do Sul: Corupa, Seidel 15 (HBR). Mun. Palhoca: Campo de Massiambu, Reitz & Klein 335 (! Reitz). Pildes, L. B. Smith 6218 (R, US).
Rio GRANDE DO SuL: Morro Sapucaia, Palacios & Cuezzo 429 (LIL). Pal- mares, near Lagoa dos Patos, Rambo (US). Sao Jeronimo, Schwacke (R). Sao Leopoldo, Eugenio 126 in part (NY); 213 (SP); 2609 (GH); 2610 (GH). Estagao Sao Salvador, Sehnem 2094 (LIL). Mun. Porto Alegre: Canoas, Lindman A-353 (S). Mun. Torres: Campo Bonito, Reitz 4416 (HBR).
Atso: GUIANA, PARAGUAY, ARGENTINA.
20d. Tillandsia pulchella var. saxicola L. B. Smith, Arquiv. Bot. Estado Sao Paulo nov. ser. 1: 115, pl. 118. 1043. Distrito FepeRAL: Morro do Archer, Brade 10410 (R). SAo Pauto: Atibaia, Foster 481 (GH); Ostermeyer (SP). Pedra Grande, Atibaia, Gehrt (GH, type (US neg. gior), SP). Serra de Itapetinga, Duarte (GH, SP).
20e. Tillandsia pulchella var. vaginata (Wawra) Castellanos, An. Mus. Nac.
Hist. Nat. Buenos