THE
INLAND PRINTER
The Leading Trade Journal of the World
IN THE
Printing and Allied Industries.
volume XLIII,
April, 1909, to September, 1909.
CHICAGO, ILL., U. S. A. :
The Inland Printer Company, Publishers.
INDEX TO THE INLAND PRINTER
INDEX.
vi INDEX.
INDEX TO ADVERTISEMENTS.
Ilffl*
y mm M i£‘
mmm.
r Co. ... .157, 317, 4
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isfcy»t--r‘S: a ill; i
Gilbert, Harris & Co . 31, 183, 359, 509,
r:=r— S'|1» ssiSssfs
■Kv.
■.mm,
:1» §§ 1
. . -.,Mfg:co::::::i46;|6,776; g4g
HoT’R1,1'*' Co'. '.'.28', 1(33, 179, '322,' 616, ^
6 00 . U2i l?8;.|f! .5*
1 i
155, 312, 444, 513, ^ " ““ 953
^n^fe°ni f| HS.Wm,' VVs', 928 Jaenecke Printing Ink Co . 139,310, 453, ^
ftSS tfrwzr.&mw"’ !8”
Queen City Printing Ink Co. . . .22, 186, 471, ^
Seybold Machine Co . 12, 193, 330, ,
t5?505','el; m,
"Co.'. Vm', '28.3, "439','
0 Co . 149, 179, 444,
INDEX.
TareoHn J Xe^m, W,' 637, 11 92? Tucker Feeder Co . 150, 291,
i Mfg. Co . 149, 199,
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HOJOMCO CO iH 00 1> 1> r-Tl01> ' 05 C
SSSSf: "SSSSSSS :«S
THE INLAND PRINTERS
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etone Inks nannies
You need them in your business.
Of course you can get along without them. Indeed, for many ages, the world Got along (and quite nicely, too)
Without steam, electricity, gunpowder —
And even without printing.
But the question is
Ought you, should you, can you afford To get along without Doubletone Inks and Ullmanines When their use means Profit and prestige for you?
You may not know all about These marvelous inks —
Ask us.
Sigmund Uliman Co.
New York
Chicago
Philadelphia
Distributors of Butler Brands
.WAUKEE ; WISCONSIN NI) RAPIDS, MICHIGAN
mcouvER,
COMPANY
FRANCISCO,
Made in America
s/S/'S ^ >‘Vs ✓ s / N / \ \
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* ■ r A r A v 2 ' s
WRITE FOR OUR
STAR ENGLISH FINISH EXHIBIT
MAILED FREE ON APPLICATION
To the Craft
of paper-handling ma- chinery the Cross Con¬ tinuous Feeders.
Our exclusive selling agency covers all countries excepting the British Isles and Europe.
These machines will bear the same endorsement and guarantee as our own manufacture.
Our wide experience and knowledge of automatic paper-handling machinery is at your disposal.
Appreciating your good will and pat¬ ronage of the past, we trust to merit your continued approval.
Very truly yours, Dexter Folder Company.
New York Chicago San Francisco Boston
Announcement
^ \HE Cross Paper Feeder Company begs to announce that it has ap¬ pointed the Dexter Folder Company its sole selling agents for Cross Continuous Feeders in all markets ex¬ cepting the British Isles and Europe. Effective March i, 190Q.
Cross Paper Feeder
185 Summer Street , Boston , Mass .
Company.
HAMILTON
FURNITURE
Has a quarter century of the Company’s own experience back of it, and we have inherited the experience of all the old- time concerns who have made compos¬ ing-room furniture and wood type since the early days of printing in America.
That is why the Hamilton Product is unique and stands alone in its field.
Others may quote you on imitation Hamilton Goods, but they cannot imi¬ tate the Hamilton Quality.
That quality is like the rock of Gibraltar — for twenty-five years it has been assailed, but it stands firmer to-day than ever before.
PYRAMID LEAD AND SLUG BANK
WOOD TYPE
EVERY LETTER in every font of wood type that bears the Hamilton stamp, which you will find on the capital As, is guaranteed to be true to height. No underlaying of wood type lines where set in Hamilton type. This guarantee is made absolutely without reservation. What printer would not pre¬ fer such wood type to the kind that varies the thick¬ ness of a cardboard ? The product of the press is increased from io to 25 per cent.
SEND FOR WOOD TYPE CATALOG
THE HAMILTON MFG. CO.
Main Office and Factories . . TWO RIVERS, WIS.
Eastern Office and Warehouse . . RAHWAY, N. J.
Send for new Supplement and a copy of “ Composing-room Economy,” showing floor plans in thirty-two modernized printing plants.
- ALL PROMINENT DEALERS SELL HAMILTON GOODS -
A valuable LINE GAUGE, graduated to picas and nonpareils, mailed free to every inquiring printer.
Five to One
A tale without words for the publisher of a daily paper or for the manager of a job printing plant who in these enlightened days continues to hand-set all of his copy. Figure it out for yourself, or ask the users of
13,000 Linotypes
SEARS, ROEBUCK & CO., Chicago, for instance, have found that
“The Linotype way is the only way”
to set intricate mail-order catalogues.
MERGENTHALER LINOTYPE COMPANY
SAN FRANCISCO
NEW ORLEANS
SYDNEY. N. S. W. ) WELLINGTON, N. Z. } MEXICO CITY, MEX. )
TORONTO -The Mergenthaler Co., Ltd. g Co. BUENOS AIRES — Louis L. Lomer CAPE TOWN - John Haddon & Co. STOCKHOLM - Aktiebolaget Amerikanska Sattmt
HAVANA - Francisco Arredondo
TOKIO Teijiro Kurosawa
ST. PETERSBURG — Leopold Hell
NOTHING
VIEW FROM NORTHEAST
Ninety sizes and styles of the ONTARIO, BROWN & CARVER and OSWEGO Cutting Machines are made. One of these is exactly adapted to your especial needs. Each one has several improvements on no other. You get the advantage of over a third of a century’s specialization on this one line of cutting machinery.
OSWEGO MACHINE WORKS, Oswego, N.Y.
NIEL GRAY, Jr., Proprietor.
New York Office, 150 Nassau St.— Walter S. Timmis, Manager. Chicago Office, 347 Dearborn St.— J. M. Ives, Manager.
THE HEAVIEST, SIMPLEST, MOST COMPACT AND HANDSOMEST TWO-REVOLUTION. COMPARE THIS ILLUSTRATION WITH THAT OF ANY OTHER.
THE BABCOCK PRINTING PRESS MANUFACTURING CO., NEW LONDON, CONNECTICUT
New York Office, 38 Park Row. John Haddon & Co. Agents London. Miller & Richard, Canadian Agents, Toronto Ontario.
BARNHART BROS. & SPINDLER, WESTERN AGENTS, 183-187 MONROE STREET, CHICAGO
Great Western Type Foundry, Kansas City, Missouri; Great Western Type Foundry, Omaha. Nebraska; Minnesota Type Foundry Co.. St. Paul, Minnesota; St. Louis Printers Supply Co., St. Louis, Missouri; Southern Printers Supply Co.. Washington, District Columbia; The Barnhart Type Foundry Co., Dallas, Texas; National Paper & Type Co., City of Mexico, Vera Cruz, Monterrey, and Havana, Cuba. On the Pacific Coast— Pacific Printers Supply Company, Seattle, Wash.
The Babcock Optimus The Babcock Optimus
If your work is heavy and hard, and must be done quickly, the Optimus will give you better service than any other can.
Because you are having trouble with such work, do not imagine that it is necessary, or that you must suffer it continually.
An Optimus will replace weakness with strength. There is no uncertainty about this. It is sure. There is not a man using an Optimus that will not corroborate it. Any Optimus will demonstrate it. The cylinder does not go up when overlays go on. That’s one test of rigidity, and makes fast make-ready. The Optimus will not gutter. That’s another, and saves forms. Judged by these two familiar tests the Optimus has no equal in the most vital quality in a printing press. The best work is impossible without this supreme strength.
The things that make the Optimus best for heavy and hard work are the things that fit it most perfectly for the light and easy. Unequaled strength, splendid distribution, high speed, superb construction, give superior efficiency, and insure endurance. On any sort of work it will be a good press when others with like service are practically useless. Old Opti¬ mus presses prove this; and every Optimus ever made not destroyed by fire is still in use.
The Babcock Optimus
Rebuilt Linotypes
Model 1, Two -letter Linotypes.
All worn parts replaced by new. Guaranteed to produce as good a slug as from a new machine.
Prices and Terms on Application
Prompt delivery. All machines sold with new matrices and new spacebands. tJThis is the only company that rebuilds Linotypes, that maintains a regular force of machinists and is equipped with up-to-date machinery.
We have an exclusive special license to use patented attachments in rebuilding Lino¬ type machines, All parts used by us in rebuilding Linotypes are purchased from the Mergenthaler Linotype Company, and are made in the United States. C[ If you want other model Linotypes, write us.
We have completed special tools and attachments for the accurate repairing of Spacebands.
Price for Repairing Spacebands, each - We Guarantee All Our Work.
25c.
We are now prepared to accept orders for repairing Linotype machines or complete Linotype plants.
|
If you have a Linotype to sell j If you wish to buy a rebuilt Linotype \ |
WRITE US |
Gutenberg Machine Company
545-547-549 Wabash Avenue, CHICAGO
The above statement is being daily demonstrated by an ever-increasing number of printers who are satisfactorily using the
HARRIS AUTOMATIC ROTARY OFFSET PRESS
the best press for higher grades of printing and lithographing. If it’s good for them it would be equally valuable to you. Built in four sizes. Information on request.
The Harris Automatic Press Co.
CHICAGO OFFICE factory NEW YORK OFFICE
Manhattan Building NILES, OHIO 1579 Fulton
Hudson Terminal Building
HALF-TONES
CAN BE SUCCESSFULLY PRINTED ON
ROUGH, SOFT or BOND PAPER
E. C. FULLER COMPANY
SOLE SELLING AGENT
FISHER BUILDING, CHICAGO 28 READE STREET, NEW YORK
Fuller Manufacturing Company’s Specialties
FULLER COMBINATION FEEDER FULLER PRINTING PRESS FEEDER FULLER RULING MACHINE FEEDER
THE largest and best equipped Plant in the World for the manufacture of Automatic Feeders, Folding Machinery and Cutters. Thousands in daily operation.
Write for descriptive catalogue
10
E. C. FULLER COMPANY
SOLE SELLING AGENT
FISHER BUILDING, CHICAGO 28 READE STREET, NEW YORK
Smyth Manufacturing Company’s Specialties
No. 1 CASE MACHINE CASING-IN MACHINE No. 2 CASE MACHINE CLOTH-CUTTING MACHINE
THE best constructed, the most satisfactory and the most profitable machines for the purposes for which they are designed.
Write for descriptive catalogue
Seybold Automatic Knife Grinder
Grinds perfectly straight .
Will not burn the knife .
Easy to adjust and operate.
Saves space and power.
If you use two or more cutting machines it will pay you to write us for further information and prices.
Ill |;l j I Write for Descriptive Circulars and Prices. | j ! j 1 1 " ! } j j | | j | 1 j 1 ] j j | | | | |
THE SEYBOLD MACHINE COMPANY
Main Office and Factory, DAYTON, OHIO NEW YORK :: CHICAGO :: SAN FRANCISCO
The J. L. Morrison Co. F. A. Venney & Co. J. H. Schroeter & Bro. Canadian-American Mchry, Co.
Canada Agents Southwestern and Mexican Agents Southern Agents European Agents
Toronto Dallas, Texas Atlanta, Georgia London, E. C., England
12
Mr. Publisher—
SCOTT Newspaper Presses will produce more papers of superior appearance in a given time than any other make of machine on the market.
Rather a strong statement, but WE CAN PROVE IT and also the following one.
SCOTT Newspaper Presses will produce the above results with a saving in Paper, Power and Time over any other make of press.
You can do yourself no greater service than to ask us to explain these matters to you before you buy your next press. If you do, you will join the large number of SCOTT users, because a thorough investigation will prove that our machines are in a class by themselves — years in advance of all competition. What others claim as new we have been doing for years, while our machines have features obtainable only in the SCOTT.
New York Office 41 Park Row
Walter Scott & Co.
- MAIN OFFICE AND FACTORY -
PLAINFIELD, NEW JERSEY, U.S.A.
Chicago Office Monadnock Block
TELL US YOUR REQUIREMENTS - WE HAVE THE PRESS
13
Reliable
Printers’
Rollers
Sami Bingham’s Son Mlg. Co.
CHICAGO
FACTORIES
195=207 South Canal Street
PITTSBURG
First Avenue and Ross Street
ST. LOUIS
514 = 516 Clark Avenue
KANSAS CITY
507=509 Broadway
ATLANTA
52=54 So. Forsyth Street
INDIANAPOLIS
151 = 153 Kentucky Avenue
DALLAS
675 Elm Street
MILWAUKEE
133 = 135 Michigan Street
^)\vcro-§ro^..®l^ \\\\cro-^ror^. ^*$3^ *\\\vcro-^ro^L. *\^vcro-^r®C!n^L. \\\vcra-^v'ovTrtd., ■C^^ ^^cVc-^rc^X.
■Cjcovxa^L. ^3®B^ *\)\vcro-^cgun^.. *\)\\crg-^roun^.. €gj3i>) *\>\vcro-
ESTABLISHED 1830
To the Trade: We beg to announce a new
Coes Knife
which we are selling as our “New Process” Knife. We have been supplying this knife in its improved form for over a year to our largest customers with the best results.
It is sold on our regular list at no advance in price.
Following our established habit of raising quality to the customer at no extra expense to him.
COES’ RECORDS
First to use Micrometer in Knife work (1890).
First to absolutely refuse to join the Trust (1893) •
First to use special steels for paper work (1894).
First to use a special package (1901).
First to print and sell by a “printed in figures’’ Price¬ list (1904).
First to make first-class Knives, any kind (1830 to 1905).
COES
Is Always Best !
Same package.
Same warrant. Ask us.
Loring Coes & Co.
DEPARTMENT COES WRENCH CO.
Worcester, Massachusetts
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New York Office — G. V. ALLEN, 21 Murray Street
Somewhere
there is always a happy medium between necessity and luxury — a common ground on which intrinsic value and reasonable cost meet and shake hands.
In business stationery that happy medium is
(Hortbmore Bond
( it has the crackle )
The best- known business paper for every known business need.
SAMPLES ON REQUEST
The Whitaker Paper Company
CINCINNATI, OHIO, and NASHVILLE, TENN.
BAY STATE PAPER COMPANY
BOSTON, MASS., and NEW YORK, N. Y.
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Your business could be increased if you had the
Litho Roman
If you doubt this, we will on request send you copies of letters from printers who have by means of Litho Roman made customers of many firms they had previously been unable to laud.
Inland Type Foundry
Saint Louis
Chicago
New York
]QE
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SHE
3BI-=3H
3En=JE3QE]E
HAVE YOU TRIED
NO-WASH-UP?
It's something NEW and a BOON to every printer
FEW DROPS of "No - W asli - Up applied
to the rollers of any press at night, and run for a few minutes "tripped, puts the press m per¬ fect readiness to run the next morning without the necessity of washing up. : : : : : : : :
BETTER ORDER A TRIAL CAN:
75 cts. per half-pound can. $1.50 per one-pound can.
Manufactured by THE AULT & WIBORG CO.
PRINTED WITH ZENITH RICH GOLD, 954-72.
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KLEANKUT |
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r J^ HIS is a preparation recently put on the market hy us, for cleaning cuts, as its name implies. It will effectually remove all old dried-up ink from electrotypes, wood cuts, etc., without affecting them m the least. Try a sample and he convinced of its merits. Sold m pound and half-pound cans at $ / .00 pCr pOllTld. I l Prices m larger quantities on application. |
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CINCINNATI NEW YORK CHICAGO ST. LOUIS PHILADELPHIA BUFFALO SAN FRANCISCO TORONTO HAVANA CITY OF MEXICO BUENOS AIRES LONDON |
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PRINTED WITH ZENITH PALE GOLD, 954-71.
WHERE THE PRESSMAN STANDS
he should have at quick command the entire control of his press. A slight movement of the lever instantly “starts” or “stops” the largest press manufactured, and automatically brings it up to the predetermined speed.
“The Kohler System”
means a great item of saving in time and protects the press. Our controller system is being adopted by the foremost printing plants of the country, and- its first day’s use proves its vital efficiency. This illustration shows “THE KOHLER SYSTEM” as installed on the OPTIMUS PRESS. The operating stations in connection with our controller may be established at various convenient points about the press and are of great value to the pressman in his “ make ready.”
“THE KOHLER SYSTEM ” is not complicated, is fool-proof and inexpensive.
Let us tell you more about “ THE KOHLER SYSTEM. ” Drop us a line, stating kind of machinery you use, its make and size, voltage of your power circuit, and the speed of your driving shaft, which will enable us to accurately suggest plans of installation.
KOHLER BROTHERS
i Madison Ave., NEW YORK.
MAIN OFFICE
277 Dearborn St., CHICAGO
56 Ludgate Hill, LONDON, E.C.
1-2
17
When you have been sufficiently misled , by buying imitations of our product, drop us a line.
Established 27 years ago.
“Togo” Catalog Folder
Made by
Brown Folding Machine Company
ERIE, PA., U. S. A.
New York Agencies Chicago
Chas. A. Sturtevant & Co. Chas. A. Sturtevant & Co.
38 Park Row London, W. C., J. Collis & Sons, 3SS Dearborn Street
42 Regent Square, Gray’s Inn Road
■ '
19
|
A few names of leading printers |
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of Chicago, also the |
number of |
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their presses on which |
our rollers |
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are used exclusively: |
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Rand, McNally & Co. . |
. 206 Presses |
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American Colortype Co. |
. 51 “ |
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Regan Printing House |
. 32 “ |
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Armour Printing Works |
. 56 “ |
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R. J. Kittredge & Co. |
49 “ |
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W. B. Conkey Co. . . |
. 64 “ |
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M. A. Donohue & Co. . |
. 33 “ |
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Stromberg, Allen & Co. |
. 45 “ |
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Poole Bros . |
. 106 “ |
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Total, |
. 642 Presses |
i-i-, The Buckie Printers’ Roller Go.
Chicago St. Paul Detroit
FORTIETH YEAR Established 1869
m
We Make More Cylinder and Job Press Rollers for Chicago Printers Than Do All the Other :: Roller Makers Combined ::
20
A liberal education
in the printing business is needed by the average buyer of the commodity. The prevalent practice of working one printer against another and buying of the lowest bidder is disastrous to both buyer and seller. In advertising
in the general magazines and weeklies we are endeavoring to and succeeding in educating buyers. We are proving that quality means more than price. We are creating new and better business. Are you getting your share? It’s right up to you.
Hampshire Paper Company
The only paper makers in the world making Bond Paper exclusively
South Hadley Falls, Mass.
21
THAT IS RIGHT-
KICK OUT the just as good KIND
Buy the kind you have been SHOWN
The Trade has been SHOWN Hundreds of Shades of
QUEEN CITY INKS
which have
Trade -Securing Qualities
QUEEN CITY INKS are made to SUIT the CONDITIONS
WE ARE PROUD of THEIR QUALITIES
CINCINNATI CHICAGO BOSTON PHILADELPHIA KANSAS CITY
22
The Queen City
Printing Ink Co.
THE CHAMBERS
Paper Folding Machines
An accurate machine of especial value on long edition work.
Among several sizes our customers find No. 528 is adjustable for 90 per cent of all such work in ordinary binderies.
The machine folds sheets from 40 x 54 to 1 9 x 26 inches, giving a folded page ranging from 10x13/2 to 4 3A x 6/2 inches.
All desirable modern appliances. Accurate, reliable work guaranteed.
Chambers Brothers Co.
Fifty-second and Media Sts., Philadelphia, Pa.
Chicago Office 1 : : 59 West Jackson Boulevard
23
THE DUPLEX
ROTARY PRESS
Greatest Time and Money Saving Machine Ever Built
QUADRUPLE — Length, 19^ ft.; Width ft.; Height, see the man.
RECENT SALES
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New York, N. Y. . |
. Bollettino della Sera |
8-page |
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Santiago, Chile . |
. La Union . |
. 16-page |
|
Kalamazoo, Mich. . |
Press .... |
. 16-page |
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New Brunswick, N. J. |
. Home News |
. 20-page |
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Cedar Rapids, Iowa . |
Gazette |
. 20-page |
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Middletown, N. Y. . |
. Times-Press |
. 20-page |
|
Toledo, Ohio |
. Ameryka-Lcho |
. 32-page |
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Milwaukee, Wis. |
. News (second order) |
. 32-page |
|
Oklahoma City, Okla. |
Oklahoman |
. 64-page |
|
Toronto, Ont. |
. World . . . |
. 72-page |
DUPLEX PRINTING PRESS CO., Battle Creek, Mich.
24
There is not only pleasure for the men, but a definite, provable profit for the house, in the fact that the
Reliance
The Reliable Proof Press
toggle joint gives plenty of pressure with a moderate pull. No need to S"Reniinc?eproofstee e^lftolylinder'andcTn be^ulledtn a fraTon
Paul Shniedewend & Co.
A.^w!^PENRO§E & CO." : : : -FRALondoRJ, E.cV, England
TUB-SIZED LOFT-DRIED
No. 630
“Lisbon Extra Strong”
A high water mark in the art of papermaking.
An excellent correspondence paper.
Finish suitable for printing or lithography. Taking a Good Impression ,
It Makes a Good Impression.
We are exporting large quantities of this paper, and are
PARSONS TRADING COMPANY
20 Vesey Street . NEW YORK
Live, Active, Wide-Awake
Printers, who are abreast with the times, and aim to do high-grade printing at a profit, should buy
THE GOLDING JOBBER
Because — It will make money enough, by excess of product over other job presses, to pay its cost in a very short time. Because — It will earn more money at $1.00 per thousand impressions than can be earned at $1.50 per thousand on any other job press.
Because — It will not annoy you with noise, slurring, bad register and other disagreeable tendencies.
Because - — All that we claim as to speed, strength and quality of work, we back up with a guarantee. Send for descriptive booklet. Ask about our free trial proposition.
Golding Manufacturing Co.
FRANKLIN, MASSACHUSETTS
Printing, Embossing and^™ Prases; Paper and Card Cutters
25
THE COTTRELL
NEW SERIES TWO-REVOLUTION PRESS
THE MOST PERFECTLY CONSTRUCTED PRINTING MACHINE
THIS Press is famous for its Convenience for the Printer, Economy in Cost of Product, Capability and Rigidity. <LBecause it is equipped with attach¬ ments that really enhance its usefulness. dBecause of its Speed, Adapta¬ bility and Scientific Construction. C. Built for the finest quality of printing, especially process colorwork, it has always exceeded the expectations of the purchaser. C. Steady, reliable and easy running, the COTTRELL PRESS is universally known as a profit-making machine.
Its Distinctive
Features are
! SPEED
RIGIDITY UNDER IMPRESSION CONVERTIBLE SHEET DELIVERY DISTRIBUTION ABSOLUTE REGISTER
C. B. COTTRELL C& SONS COMPANY
apannfactnrcrg of printing prc&sess
NEW YORK, N. Y. WORKS :
41 Park Row WESTERLY, R. I.
CHICAGO, ILL.
279 Dearborn St.
Representative in Mexico
U. S. PAPER EXPORT ASS’N, 440 Coliseo Neuva, Mexico City
Representative in Cuba
HOURCADE CREWS Y CA., Muralla 39, Havana
26
Those who publish fine books or print the choice smaller things should have these names under their hats —
d£>lb Cloister J&tratforb Ullexanbra
These are three pure Book Papers made expressly for
publishers’ requirements and are necessarily fitted to the small work.
OLD CLOISTER is equal in quality to the best hand-made.
OLD STRATFORD is next in grade and also analyzes 99 per cent pure rag fibre.
ALEXANDRA is the cheapest of the three and we are proud of it both for the quality and its usefulness.
All three papers have some of the same characteristics ; the “STRATHMORE QUALITY” characteristics and dis¬ tinctiveness, which, with the quality, are in part responsible for the beautiful and effective work of many presses.
These papers are shown in the “STRATHMORE QUALITY” Book Papers Sample Book, itself a fine specimen of bookmaking.
Mittineague Paper Company
MITTINEAGUE, MASSACHUSETTS, U.S.A.
The “ STRATHMORE QUALITY ” Mills
27
R. HOE & CO.’S
IMPROVED
Lithographic Presses
These presses possess not only the well-known qualities of strength and durability which have always distinguished the HOE from other machines, but also embody the latest practical improvements in printing-press construction.
504-520 Grand Street, NEW YORK, N. Y.
7 Water St., BOSTON, MASS. 143 Dearborn St., CHICAGO 160 St. James St., MONTREAL, QUE.
8 Rue de Chateaudun, PARIS, FRANCE 109-112 Borough Road, LONDON, S.E., ENG.
28
PRESSES and CUTTERS
of the Peerless make mean to the Printer the Standard of Excellence.
Peerless Job Printing Press
SIX SIZES
OUR ILLUSTRATED BOOKLET tells an interesting story of how these machines are made, and what they will do. Ask for it.
Peerless-Gem Lever Paper Cutter
FOUR SIZES
FOR SALE BY THE PRINCIPAL DEALERS IN THE UNITED STATES.
Peerless Printing Press Co.
THE CRANSTON WORKS
70 Jackson St, PALMYRA, N.Y., U. S. A.
Lieber’s and A-B-C 5th Edition Codes.
An Advertising Man Tells How He In¬ creased His Salary 150 Per Cent.
Mr. R. T. Scott, advertising manager of Fraser’s, one of the largest dry goods houses in Brockton, Mass., is a fair representative of the type of men I turn out as graduates of my system of advertising instruction by mail.
His own words will be of timely interest to those who want to take up the advertising business, and who want the best instruction:
FROM $12 TO $30 A WEEK.
Brockton, Mass., January 25, 1909. Mr. Geo. H. Powell, New York:
Dear Sir — It is not reasonable to suppose that every one could become a successful advertising writer — but any one with a fair education, a merchandising instinct and a hundred per cent common sense may confidently expect to be able to hold such a position after a thorough study of your course of instruction — for it instills and maintains the interest so neces¬ sary to success. It will do you good to know that when I took up your course I was working for $12 a week — now I am getting $30 a week, an increase of 150 per cent.
Thanking you for your after-course interest in a former student’s progress and wishing you continued success in your ambition-building business, I am,
Faithfully yours,
R. D. Scott.
The Powell System of Instruction is not conducted on the plan of the ordinary correspondence school. It is not a “large” school, and its success — as well as the student’s success — depends on the fact that I devote myself exclusively to advertising instruction, and therefore do not depend on stock methods so common.
Add to this, the fact that the Powell System has cost a good deal more than $5,000.00 to bring out, to say nothing of the expensive new additions, and it will not be hard to understand why it is in reality the “survival of the fittest.”
If you want to earn from $1,500.00 to $15,000.00 a year — the latter figure in time, of course — let me mail free my beautiful Prospectus and “Net Results,” telling all about the study and giving the success stories of leading experts I have trained.
George H. Powell
1208 Metropolitan Annex NEW YORK
29
Monitor Embosser
NEW AND NOVEL FEATURES THAT THE BOOKBINDER CAN NOT AFFORD TO OVERLOOK
. Circulars describing the many new and distinct improvements
DIMENSIONS Gas Head, 13x13 inches.
Bed Platen, 18 inches wide, 15 inches deep.
Extreme distance between upper and lower head, 5 in. Stroke, 1% inches.
Space between, uprights, 20 inches.
Height, 38 inches. Width, 33 inches.
Equipment includes a Sliding Pallet; one Chase 5x8 inches, with Quoins and Keys; one Platen 13x13 inches, and Gas Burner.
Price, ... $ 150
MONITOR STITCHERS, PER¬ FORATORS, PUNCHES, ETC.
Latham Machinery Co.
197-201 S. Canal St., CHICAGO
BOSTON, 220 Devonshire St. NEW YORK, 8 Reade St.
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Especially for you
No matter what your specialty; no matter how varied your work ; no matter what problems you are encountering ; the Ex¬ pansion System will handle your plates advantageously. Tell us your troubles. Do you require rigid impression ? Absolute register ? Quick interchange of plates ? Very narrow margins? Better work? The Expansion System of Printers’ Blocks will do the trick for you.
Send for “Printing from Plates Perfected” and
MANUFACTURED BY
THE CHALLENGE MACHINERY CO., S?cAr. “H:
Salesroom and Warehouse, 194-196 Fifth Avenue, CHICAGO.
Retain and improv&Jhe illustrative features of hdifdone printing after the first thousand impressions, they would be in use in every considerate printing office
158 -164 HARRISON ST,. CHICAGO, ILL.
The Largest Electrotype Foundry on Earth !
An Engraving Plant Equal to Any on Earth !
407-425 Dearborn Street, CHICAGO
OUR PRICES are popular. If you are a buyer of Engravings you should have our Scale of Prices , the most complete, comprehensive and consistent scale ever issued. With it on your desk, the necessity for cor¬ respondence is practically eliminated.
31
Two more Big Improvements in the only all= efficient BlocK
EXPLANATION OF X-RAY CUT.-A is groove, with Registering Holes. B is a Success Self-contained Regist with a hole which works in unison with holes in grooves, when manipulated by the Pin (D). E show: "
contained Register Hook, which is put in and taken from groove in any posit' ” * J -
shown in cut ; it is immovable — the more pressure the tighter grip. This is a :
trid quickly with the finger:
SEE
THOSE
HOLES
and that
PIN ! »
They enable you to
REGISTER
quickly and perfectly on a one-piece block, meeting every problem . encountered in printing from plates.
s4 ‘ Perhaps this may help you :
* Wesel s sales of Blocks in 28 years exceed $500,000. He has a longer experience in Blocks than any other man. Several blocks and register¬ ing devices have been marketed after being offered to and rejected by Wesel. Purchasers have been and are being deluded by specious “ selling points P IV esels experience is at your service to save you the cost of experiment and ineffective devices. IV esel successfully solves every problem confronting those who print from plates and sells efficiency and superior value.
WESEL GROOVED REGISTER BLOCK
We are now suing infringers of our patents, and buyers should be cautious.
(Wesel Iron Grooved Blocks can be changed "I into REGISTER Blocks at moderate outlay )
Wesel Register Hooks (kTs.) also Excel
F\A7"|TIC1 ¥71¥ lWTjV''’ Main Office and Factories, 70-80 Cranberry Street, BROOKLYN, N.Y.
• It HkJJ-JIj It IE vj • NEW YORK, 10 Spruce Street; CHICAGO, 329 Dearborn Street.
32
Sheridan’s
Book and Pamphlet Covering Machine
Covers daily, automatically, 22,000 books or pamphlets.
Always ready for work.
Saves % of the cost of covering by hand. Note great saving in floor space.
No brushes. No glue pots.
Great saving in glue.
Much cleaner and more convenient.
SOME OF THE FIRMS WHO ARE USING OUR COVERING MACHINES
NEW YORK Mac
Frank A. Munsey .
Butterick Publishing Co.
Harper & Brothers ....
Street & Smith .
S. S. McClure Co .
Cosmopolitan Magazine
Trow Directory Ptg. and B. B. Co. .
J. J. Little & Co .
Buckley & Wood Co .
Wm. Knoepke Pamphlet Binding Co. P. F. Collier & Son . . . .
Charles Schweinler Press .
McCall Fashion Co .
William Green .
Gardner Binding and Mailing Co.
Williams Printing Co .
Wynkoop-Hallenbeck-Crawford Co. . Hill Publishing Co .
WASHINGTON, D. C. Machines
U. S. Government Bindery ... 2
PHILADELPHIA, PA.
Oxford Bindery . 1
The J. B. Lippincott Co. 1
George F. Lasher . 1
JERSEY CITY, N.J.
Jersey City Printing Co. 1
SPRINGFIELD, MASS.
Phelps Publishing Co . 2
ELGIN, ILL.
David C. Cook Publishing Co. . . 2
CHICAGO, ILL.
M. A. Donahue & Son 1
Journal of American Medical Association 1
ENGLAND
Hazell, Watson & Viney, Ltd. . . 1
Cassell & Co., Ltd . 1
Sir George Newnes, Limited . . 1
Eyre & Spottiswoode . . . . 1
Unwin Bros . 1
Harmsworth Bros . 2
J. Burn & Co . 1
London & County Printing Works . 1
SCOTLAND
Thomas Nelson & Sons
FRANCE
Malherbe et Cie . 1
INDIA
Gulab Singh & Sons . . . . 1
Manufactured and sold exclusively by
T. W. & C. B. SHERIDAN CO.
NEW YORK CHICAGO LONDON
1-3
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Four operations^ at one_ and the same_ time.
consequently great saving^ of time and labor_
These machines are covered by U. S. Patents Nos. 761,496, 763,673, 768,461, 768,462, 768,463, 779,784, 783,206, 789,095, 828,665, 813,215, 846,923. Action has been commenced against Gullberg & Smith for making machines in infringe¬ ment of patent No. 761,496, covering the Detector or Caliper. Sellers and users of the infringing machines are also liable.
WATCH THIS SPACE
FOR A LABOR -SAVER TO BE PLACED ON MARKET BY US
GEO. JUENGST & SONS
CROTON FALLS, N. Y.
34
We all have seen some pretty fine sample books. But progress demands something still better; Hence, the WORONOCO BOOKS
The reason why is principally in the papers and the balance in the treatment of the same.
There are two books, both bound in boards and both illus¬ trated as suggestively and as practically as the best men in the business could do it.
One book shows the WORONOCO Writing Papers; 1 35 specimens; and the other, the WORONOCO Book and Cover papers ; 80 specimens.
We may have your name on our mailing list and, then again, we may not. If you attempt to keep up with the progress made in the paper and printing industries or want ideas in the preparation of printed matter, you need these books. You better write us. They will be ready about May 1 .
We will send them free of charge only to business houses in the trade and to the advertising managers of concerns issuing printed matter in quantity.
WORONOCO PAPER CO.
WORONOCO, MASS., U. S. A.
35
GOOD PAPER IS THE FOUNDATION OF ALL GOOD PRINTING
ILustro Contrij Uoot*
Its use does not add materially to the total cost , hut very materially to the results obtained.
The production of a coated paper of superfine quality at a moderate cost to the consumer has been the aim of the manufacturer, and Lustro Coated Book is the result of this endeavor and represents —
First — The product of Cumberland Mills, the oldest in the business of manufacturing coated paper, with twenty-seven years’ cumulative experience.
Second — The product of a mill modernly equipped, where cost is reduced to a minimum.
Third — An efficient organization insuring careful atten¬ tion to the selection of body stock and coating material, to color, finish, sorting and packing.
Fourth —The lowest price for the given quality.
In perfecting Lustro Coated Book the manufacturers had constantly in mind the needs of the advertiser, and are now in a position to furnish a paper suitable for the most exacting requirements of half-tone printing in one or more colors. Exhibit sheets have been prepared showing the value of this paper for commer¬ cial catalogues and booklets where quality at a moderate cost is a consideration.
W rite for Exhibit Sheets and Prices
S. D. WARREN & COMPANY
BOSTON, MASS.
DISTRIBUTING AGENTS
36
oil hrui uizotto-zo idd>— zo aoau
CONFIDENCE
THE SECRET OF OUR SUCCESS
&^/0imso^0ner (yigtivinj Q.
DENVER USCOLORTYPE PHESS COLO.
WE FURNISH THIS SUBJECT FOR 'NEWSPAPER INSERTS WRITE. FOR. THE. LARIAT THE BEST ENGRAVING HOUSE ORGAN PUBLISHED
37
Z ODCt <ZQ —ZRliKJO;— h>-
THALMANN
PRINTING INK CO.
BRANCHES
Chicago - Omaha Kansas City
Factory and Office
St. Louis, Mo.
THE PEERLESS PERFORATOR
' manOFACV1'jREJ ' >
AO.BURtoVs S0Ni
IT is distinguished for the rapidity and perfection of its work, makes a clean and thorough perforation at a high rate of speed, and is adjustable to a wide range in the thickness of the stock it will perforate.
SELLING AGENTS
E. C. FULLER CO . New York, N. Y.
GANE BROS. & CO . Chicago, III.
T.W.&C.B. SHERIDAN. . . . Chicago, III. THE J. L. MORRISON CO. . . . Toronto, Ont. T. W.&C. B. SHERIDAN . . . . London, Eng.
S. KOCHANSKI . Berlin, Germany
MIDDOWS BROS . Sydney, N.S.W.
JOHN DICKINSON & CO., Cape Town, S. Africa
Manufactured by
A.G.BURTON’S SON
1S5 to 159 South Clinton Street
CHICAGO, ILL., U.S.A.
E. C. FULLER CO., i c . _
28 Reade St., New York ) 50 e a' THE J. L. MORRISON CO., Sole Agents JOHN DICKINSON & CO.,
Agents for South Afrit
tern Agents for Canada a and India
38
It Is Phenomenal
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THE GREATER |
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THE SUPERIOR |
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SPEED |
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DISTRIBUTION |
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THE NOISELESS |
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RUN |
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AND THE MONEY |
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IMPRESSION |
IT EARNS |
That Over 30,000 Chandler & Price Presses
Remember the Facts:
1— It lays the printers’ foundations for success.
2— It diminishes their costs by increasing their profits.
3 — II: is the busiest bee in the printing office, because
its revolutions pay best.
4— It is the “holdfast” press. Others come and go,
but the C. & P. Gordons go on forever — making impressions and making money.
Lead the Way Through the Printing Field
It Is in the Make!
The Chandler & Price Company, Cleveland, Ohio, U.S. A.
THE PAY-ROLL PAYS FOR
Cbr jfalcon Automatic platen JItcss
Will automatically feed, print and deliver any weight of stock from onion-skin to cardboard.
Feeds from the top of the pile.
Speed, 3,500 per hour.
Prints from flat forms.
No expert required.
Absolute register.
Some of the Users
Ashby Printing Co.
Erie, Pa.
Wilbert Garrison Co.
New York.
Braceland Bros.
Philadelphia. Baker-Vawter Co.
Benton Harbor. Longaker, Prentice Co.
Philadelphia.
Chamberlain Medicine Co.
Des Moines. United Drug Co. . Boston. E. Rugg & Co. . Winnipeg. Geo. Rice & Sons,
Los Angeles.
Size, inside chase, 18,34" x 12 ! 2" inches. Price, $1,750, f. o. b. New York.
Cfjr express jfalcon platen $ress
This press with Automatic Envelope Feed and Delivery is the fastest and most economical press for printing envelopes that has yet been produced. Speed, 4,500 envelopes per hour. The Automatic Envelope Feed Attachment can be removed and the Hand-feed Board substituted in five minutes, when flat sheets can be fed at the speed of 3,000 to 3,500 per hour.
Size, inside chase, 10 $4 x 7 $4 inches. Price, $800, f. o. b. New York.
JR" 150
FURTHER PARTICULARS ON APPLICATION TO
American jfalcon ^rtnttng ipress Co.
OFFICE AND SHOWROOMS
New York Life Building, 346 Broadway, New York City
Factory; DOVER. N. H.
40
UsftJ by Khz ' ' » .
Printers all over the World
Patented In g United- States
i-jaltfqrefgiir
countries.
Inks, Wipes end Prints at One Operation,
Speed, 1,500 to 2,000 perfect impressions
* per hour.
Uses far less ink than any other competitive machine. Uses a 35 per cent lighter wiping paper than can be used on any
The “Waite” Press will print from the mo deiir . o' t\K -ii plates equally as well as it will do ordi¬ nary relief stamping.
It is unexcelled in stamping, steel-plate, photogravure and bank-note printing, requiring results from the most delicate and fine-line engraved plates.
The following am a few of ike Advantages embraced m this Machines
nation !» applied by » novel. vet cxtu-mely powerful Thickneaa of Die* — One fixed th i-.-h tie =•* o»* di. i; an Cin-ninl
iirVi ,a at tn. .imo f>m„ « u it,,*- if ,a nM.f m)i, in tins Vrc s, 35 any this kne-s of a 5U.il die frojn Vz «1, h up to
"a ir.,:!i tliM.I: may i.t. u:.e-i
Tli* Speed ■ — Wo tuoltiaS' that this is a mutter solely- governed by the activity. of the operator, but, giv'en a reasonably good hand, this machine tan quite easily turn out from T,$oo to '3,000 picrreet xmpressMuS pet hour
.The Operator — The M.achifre is so constructed that any intrllf-
Scnt operator can lfeam to manipulate it in all its details in a levy ours.
The Ink Fountain Can be removed and replaced by one contain, ing another color in. less than une mmuce.
A Two-color Fountain — Tj emkle tno ca’cts of hib being' v at oi\e imptbswdn, can be supple d at an extra charge,
Plain Stamping may bte done as fast a“, the operator .• in feed in the paper or cardboard,
.The Construction — We Iwe taken speerd cart* ro put upon the market a machine free {rent ropiphcaUoy.s . all part.-, can b* q, ite readily' gor at, and the force being obtained bv~ pressure, and not b’i a blow, it can not be yacked in any way, thus greatly increasing .i^s Lie.
Steel-plate Printing -4- A special steel -base is supplied with the 8 by 4 Press for mounting steel plates of 3-16 to £4 inch thick¬ ness, - ■ . . • ■
To Christmas and Fancy Card Manufacturers — This Machine is *»Lo recommended to the notice, ‘of. ’Christmas and 'Fancy Card Manufacturers as being a valuable adjunct to their- plant.
We fetl confident" after" yen have seen th*- 'Machine any doubts you may have had as to the accuracy of our claims yvtU be dispelled once and for a’l.
ip addition f® the roller $ reVoj ving' in the fountain, the trough has an automate device for keeping the ink *’ alive,” which pre¬ vents it developing a “ skin ” on the surface, it also keeps the sediment from sinking to the bottom of the, trough and rendering the ink too thin. >
The Wiper is -peiidfron, and could not be improved. It Is minutely more effective than any wiper ever before knotvn, and it is due to it-, excellence tl-at the *• Wait,-’ Pres-; vul! work with a much thinner and cheaper -wiping paptr, ami wipe the thinnest layer, of ink, effecting: a. spying in ink arid wiping paper per year, against competitive prctsis, wi'i- b w.-iiM c-aively be credited. It -is .thetshape/.'and compounded movement imparted fo it while in contact with the die, wi-tth Mftxi- ilns result It ’5 entirely ;t-u- adjusting, and so simple that it can not get out u| order. , j A Throw-off is provided in a position handy to the operator, by which the impression can be stopped iusuntly, leaving the test uf the machine runt „ng
The Register is perfect, as the bed is looked white the impression is being given This i.t ;m essential {--ature wH-ie several colors are bring used m -.conjunction, pr where bronze or silver wOrfe | ba|, to, go through a second rime to bo buici-hed. - Sjze of Die* — Any sire of die way be Used, up to the maximum size,,'With perfect success,'-' ff‘A . / A ' > ’<
3x2 inches, $825? 5x3 inrhe39 $K3G0, 8 ^ 4 rids?:: v> A"rj
Made in three sizes
Offices and Showrooms — 346 Broadway, New York
Factory- DOA r’ R <1 H.
CHICAGO AGENT- % A $ - * l d 'A * HUfFAI-O AfPNlS
D < H. Cuamwjn , ,0sU v, - ,73b Stock Exchange Building. Og,tsc.ou & FLEroamt, Cor. EUicoti a
FKH,ApEl,pi^A ag^TiS*' a , [ Boston AgEnt.,
R. Wj, JflARrMBi i Co . A * , . 48 ijlerttf Siit'h Street C, E, BixW > K Z. ’ - j,
> l ’AGE $<11 POk PACIFIC COAST— Olid, Rica, Ja„ id E'§ AugeRs &tCet', Co Angeles,
i?. .V. TSEJWB,
Ib&ruet n Jn-and printer Tsth^K.Hl'&cheoi and 1 'T. m Course m Priaiittg.
Printsd by \
The Henry 0. Shepard Company, ( Printers ani Binders, ' 1,80 gkenaati 'Chicago.
Copyright, 1909, by The Inland Printer Company.
N LrAN D DRJNTEI^
Entered as second-class matter, June 25, 1885, at the Postoffice at Chicago, Illinois, under Act of March 3, 1879.
THE LEADING TRADE JOURNAL OF THE WORLD IN THE PRINTING AND ALLIED INDUSTRIES.
Vol. XLIII. No. 1.
APRIL, 1909.
( $3.00 per year, in advance. Terms < Foreign, $3.85 per year.
( Canada, $3.60 per year.
PRINTING -TRADE PERSONALITIES.
BT A. H. MCQTJ1LKIN.
NO. II. — GEORGE F. NEAL.
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HAT is it that prospers one printer more than another? is a question that recently appeared on an envelope corner. The lead of the ques¬ tion was toward the merit of a certain brand of paper, but, like most searching ques¬ tions applied for a compara¬ tively small purpose, it goes far. These Krag- Jorgenson questions that go through all sorts of padded defenses, the bulwarks of custom, and the dog¬ matism of tradition are fired sometimes by inno¬ cent people who think they have a pop-gun to do with. “ What is it that prospers one printer more than another?” may be more correctly put as “What makes one printer more prosperous than another?”
The question may be simply and broadly answered, of course. A Democratic candidate who went down to defeat through too great a reliance on the exuberant promises of a vociferous constituency at the time of the Taft landslide was approached by a solemnly important and satu¬ rated sympathizer, who, taking him by the lapel and wavering slightly in the intensity of his feel¬ ings, whispered hoarsely, “ Say, Bill, how in -
did you come to lose out?” The victim cogitated profoundly for a time, and answered with an air of conviction, “Why, I believe I lost out because there were too many Republican votes cast against me.” That was a searching question broadly answered. But beneath the question that we are
now considering lies a very network of instruc¬ tive and informing explanations.
To begin at the beginning : Some men have a purpose earlier than others. The objective mind develops earlier in some. That is to say, the sub¬ jective mentality is that occupied with the animal needs. The gradations of subjectivity are the gradations of the senses down to that point where the gratification of the moment is the object of life, which stage is pure animalism. Young peo¬ ple are filled with a mass of mental succotash of morals and theology. Bewildered and wearied with the pulp that is forced upon them, they become moral prigs or shuffle along with the crowd, stealing what pleasures they can — and demanding immunity when they are discovered, because all are in the same mire.
Sometimes the youth or the girl has some straight questions forced upon them, such as “What are you and what are you for?” “What is your purpose, and why are you alive?”
The direct, searching, leading questions do not come to all. There is no one to ask them. There are minds that remain sterile from youth to old age because the fructifying germ of original thought was not placed there. It is surely not because of native incapacity that some men remain at the foot of the ladder. Purpose is the key-note of growth. Success is so often con¬ founded with the making of money that success is placed in the discard by the discerning. Making money is not the test of success, though it may be one of the incidents of it — and it usually is. Suc¬ cess means growth. Growth may be unconscious,
42
THE INLAND PRINTER
the subject having been given an impetus from some source unknown to himself. He acquired a purpose — a principal idea. It grew and he grew with it — and ripened with it.
Sometimes the purpose is dim and ill-defined, and there is much stumbling toward the light and many falls. Let the despondent one who has heard the Voice, and yet has fallen into idleness, through hopelessness, believe, with Goldsmith, that it is no disgrace to fall if you rise after the fall. It is the lying down that ends the fight.
In Ulster, Ireland, upon occasions suitable and commemorative, a flag is spread to the breeze- — the banner of The O’Neal — O’Neal of the bloody hand. The flag is commemorative of purpose. It shows on a white ground a dagger and an open hand, the story being that, as a consequence of one of the early rivalries for power among the O’Neal sept, possession of the province of Ulster was decreed to whichever one of two O’Neal brothers that could touch the land first on their return from a certain voyage. The struggle was bitter, and, as one of the boats gained on the other, Hugh O’Neal, not to be defeated, drew his dagger and, cutting off his hand, threw the severed member on the shore, claiming his victory.
Which is to teach us that there are more ways of killing a cat than choking it with butter.
These evidences of purpose come down to us because they were signalized in dramatic ways. The fights we make to-day are not so dramatic, for they are bloodless. Too bloodless or cold-blooded sometimes. But the animating spirit that gave the old heroes their force is still here around us. We may not recognize it, for we are always giving a mystic value to the part or a glorified realization to the future. Yesteryear is done and past and its regrets go with it.
What purpose was whispered to George F. Neal as a lad in San Francisco he himself can not tell. It came to him that in his struggle with the world “ it was up to him.” He had arrived in San Francisco on March 28, 1859.
Neal’s parents were residents of California since 1847. His experiences were not marked by any incidents beyond what ordinarily come to youths who go through the uniform school grind. In 1873 young Neal entered on the study of print¬ ing. Presswork is not taught. It is absorbed or gathered up surreptitiously. The less a pressman knows, the more fearful he is of telling anything to a seeker after knowledge. Neal dug after knowledge and studied the mysteries that are so deeply buried that every job is an experiment in presswork. He solved enough of these myste¬ ries so that he commanded journeyman’s wages. Ordinarily this is the time the young man says
“Eureka! — I have got it — I have arrived. I am through with my travail and I have learned my trade. J’y suis, et j’y reste. Here I stick.”
But Neal said that he was just getting started. He went into a job room at $8 a week and began to hump himself. His idea was to learn the print¬ ing trade. The job was but the means to an end. Why so many of us fail is because we become self¬ limited — regarding the job as the end. Truth is, we are just beginning to go to school. No man in the printing trade can say he knows it in the full¬ est meaning. There are changes going on all the time. The printer must keep his eye peeled and his ear to the ground, and get his price for these activities. Neal worked at job composition and the job improved until his gauge of usefulness set fair at journeyman’s wages. Then Neal quit the job. It was too prosperous without prospects. Presswork was grasped, job work was grasped — the next thing was to know something about paper. So a job at the paper-cutter at $12 per week was the next course of instruction. In six months he received $18 a week. Neal reasoned that if he was worth $18 at the cutter he knew enough about paper and paper-cutting for his ini¬ tiatory purposes.
Neal started in business for himself Novem¬ ber 17, 1881. He was modest about it, and did not take long chances. His most valuable equip¬ ment was in his head. The progress of the busi¬ ness was a succession of moves to larger premises, until, at the time of the fire, April 18, 1906, he had a business with a weekly pay-roll of $1,400. The fire put Neal out of business for over a year, but he hung on to his chief operatives, and paid them waiting time until he could get started again. He began operations on May 17, 1907, and now has two floors, 32 by 137 feet, with fifty-one employees, five cylinders, seven jobbers, two cutters, two Linotypes, etc., and a complete bindery. His activities were not entirely confined to the print¬ ing trade. He is a married man. Has four chil¬ dren grown up and married ; he is a life member of the California Pioneers, of California Com- mandery No. 1, K. T. ; thirty-second degree Scot¬ tish Rite Mason, a Noble of the Mystic Shrine, and a member of a number of the prominent clubs of San Francisco; is a Republican, but takes his without water.
A very unusual and very refreshing quality in George F. Neal is a combination of breadth and directness. He has made no monumental success financially, and his achievements do not stagger the imagination. The moral of it all is that he has — by his intimate knowledge of the printing business and his appreciation of the fact that men are willing to pay what a thing is worth if the
THE INLAND PRINTER
43
thing is right — made the printing business pay. With others, he has had the inevitable conflict with labor. He waded into that with all the enthusiasm that characterized his old-world pro¬ genitors. He went into that fight, sir, as if that fight were the chief end of man. He imported, fed, bedded and boarded all the driftwood that could be drifted to set type and feed presses and put printing material generally to the bad. As general-in-chief of the active forces, “he shoul¬ dered his stick and showed how fields were won.” When the Bourbon king said, “Why, this is an insurrectio n,” he received the reply, “ Sire, it is a revolution.”
When the full meaning of the movement of the united workers in the printing trades became evident to Neal, he set¬ tled his affairs just as promptly as when he moved from press to case and from case to cutter.
The idea that money could be made out of printing by paying the workers less or having them work nine hours instead of eight began to burn low. Then the move was made for “ or¬ ganization along educa¬ tional lines.” That sounded funny to Neal.
The stunts he had been through in the search for education in the printing trade contrasted pecul¬ iarly with the pro¬ gram for pale printers, chairman Execute who were to be spoon¬ fed. There was an oh-be- joyful meeting and all was lovely until some one asked Neal for his opinion. The speaker said: “ You’ve got to show me.” A little while after they put out the lights. And they never did any¬ thing since.
Neal believes in a perfected organization — a development of a community of interest. He has developed the idea in his own plant, and the work swings along with every one ready to turn his hand to the best account. The conception that the employing printers had found no money in fight¬ ing against the requirements of those they bought goods from or of those they bought labor from
came slowly. But it arrived, and then some con¬ structive organization began. There is a com¬ munity of interest between the employer, the sup¬ ply men and the union men. The printing trade is their business, and it does not require a genius to show the trend of events with such men as George F. Neal as the directing forces.
QUASI-MEMBERS OF ORGANIZATIONS.
Among the anomalies in life so common as to be hardly noticeable is the habit of men joining organizations and neg¬ lecting to attend meet¬ ings. To be a member of an association means participation in its affairs; anything less is not quite half member¬ ship, nor is the indiffer¬ ent one getting all the benefit that is his by right. To leave the transaction of business to the few is not fair to the officers, the organ¬ ization or the absentees. In associative effort the more complete the co¬ operation the greater the benefit to all concerned. As it is, we have much machinery of the kind, but it is not working to its full capacity owing to this indifference. The evil is rampant in both the employers’ and em¬ ployees’ organizations. A writer in the American Photoengraver, treating of the subject, shows the
Printing Trades Association evil r e S U 1 1 S Of non-
attendance, and, without referring to it, shows the cause of some weird union legislation. The writer assumes a union of 750 members, of whom but fifty take consistent and persistent interest in its business affairs, and then goes on to say: “A dif¬ ference arises with the employers. Assume that thirty out of the fifty are radicals ; when this ques¬ tion comes up for settlement it can be so handled by the radical thirty that the smoldering flame of trouble is fanned into a blaze. Result: a strike follows and seven hundred men are thrown out of work into idleness, and all because not enough interest was taken by the seven hundred to avoid the trouble.”
THE INLAND PRINTER
45
Written for The Inland Printer.
COMMUNITY OF INTERESTS IN THE PRINTING TRADES.
BY H. N. KELLOGG.*
SHE movement inaugurated last De¬ cember in San Francisco to secure cooperation among the various indi¬ viduals and organizations inter¬ ested in commercial printing in that city, marks a new epoch in trade and business organizations. There has never before, I believe, been a movement to organize all the elements interested in a business for the benefit of all. This proj¬ ect, which includes the Franklin Association of San Francisco, composed of a large number of commercial printers of that city, individual printers who are not members of this asso¬ ciation, the associations furnishing supplies to commercial printers and individual supply deal¬ ers not members of said associations, and the labor unions employed by commercial printers, must, it seems to me, inevitably be of benefit to all concerned. The meeting held on Decem¬ ber 28, which repre¬ sentatives of all these interests attended, cer¬ tainly indicated the desire of all who are concerned directly or in¬ directly with the success of commercial printing in San Francisco to co¬ operate heartily in the movement. Heretofore associations for the advancement of the interests of any business or trade have almost always consisted only of pro¬ prietors of establishments in that trade. The extension, therefore, of the organization to include
* Henry N. Kellogg, the chairman of the special standing committee of the American Newspaper Publishers’ Association, was appointed in March, 1907, to succeed the late Col. Frederick Driscoll. Previous to his appoint¬ ment Mr. Kellogg had twenty-five years’ newspaper experience, and from June, 1901, had been business manager of the New York Tribune. Before going to the Tribune Mr. Kellogg had been connected with the Commercial Advertiser, and had served as assistant business manager of the World, pub¬ lisher of the Brooklyn Citizen and circulation manager of the New York Herald.
those furnishing supplies to the trade and the labor unions connected with it, is novel, and the experiment will certainly be watched with great interest by printers, newspaper publishers and men in other lines of business throughout the country. Like all pioneers in a new field, this new movement will undoubtedly find many obstacles to overcome and snags to avoid, but, it seems to me, the result must be to the ultimate advantage of all interests involved. The American News¬ paper Publishers’ Association has been of great advantage to its members, and the field of its endeavors is constantly broadening so that the value of membership in the organization in¬ creases from year to year. Besides the na¬ tional organization there have been many local associations of news¬ paper publishers formed in various cities, which have also proved of great value to their members.
In view of these facts, which are well known throughout the country, the writer believes heartily in the principle of business associations, and while, as before stated, the San Fran- cisco organization is unique, there can be no doubt that if conserva¬ tively managed it will result in placing com¬ mercial printers in that city on a firm and profit¬ able footing.
Unfortunately, it al¬ most invariably happens that competitors in the same city acquire a feel¬ ing of distrust for each other, which frequently results in the conclusion that “ the other fellow ” is inclined to be tricky, if not actually dishonest, and the man who repeat¬ edly loses contracts on which he has made low esti¬ mates is sure that his competitor, who secured the work, must have an advantage of him in obtaining his supplies, or in the cost of his labor, or else that he is not doing honest work. The first result of an association of business competitors is the knowledge, which each receives of the other’s per¬ sonality, and the conviction that the “ other fel¬ low ” is not nearly as black as he has been painted,
46
THE INLAND PRINTER
and that he may be after all an honest man. When this occurs, cooperation on matters of mutual interest naturally follows with beneficial results.
The San Francisco project, by bringing to¬ gether not only commercial printers in competi¬ tion with each other, but the dealers in supplies and the officers of the labor unions, in one organ¬ ization, will surely be of advantage to all. Com¬ mittees composed of the different interests can surely solve the problems which arise from time to time in a manner that will promote harmony and profits. The energies which have been in the past devoted to an effort of “ getting the best of
n for The Inland Printer.
VOTING A PIED SLUG.
ftlLLY BROWN had spent several years around the shop, proving gal¬ leys, oiling and currycombing the machines, lifting in magazines and doing other light work, when he began to have aspirations to some¬ thing higher than going aloft on the back platform every time the distributor stuck. But, although he had learned a lot of things while bumming around the machines,
each other ” will, if in the future devoted to pro¬ moting mutual interests, accomplish wonders.
The editor of The Inland Printer, who con¬ ceived the idea of this organization, and had suffi¬ cient tact to bring the various elements together and start the ball rolling as he did at the meeting of December 28, deserves great credit. I am sure the movement which he so successfully inaugu¬ rated in San Francisco will result in similar organizations being formed in other large cities in the near future. _
SIMPLIFIED SPELLING.
Two gentlemen who are not altogether unacquainted with the location of one or more of the executive depart¬ ments in Washington, were recently discussing the “ sim- pletonized ” spelling order of the President’s, and, as both are gentlemen of legal attainments, they naturally took opposite sides on the question of the practicability of the proposed reform, in order to have a good argument. One of them attacked the whole idea as absurdly foolish.
“ It is most illogical and silly,” said he, “ and the board’s list of three hundred words contains gross inconsistencies. They say spell ‘ fantasy ’ with an ‘ f,’ but not ‘ phenom¬ enon ’ nor ‘ philosophy.’ ”
“ Well,” said his friend, “ I can see some reason for not spelling the latter word with an ‘ f.’ You know, most of the gentlemen on the board are doctors of philosophy, and they would very probably object to having ‘ D.F.’ placed after their names.” — Magazine of Fun.
there were several minor details that were hard to cop onto from a machinist who was so stiriated that he took especial care to keep his jaw guard locked so tight that he wouldn’t answer a civil question about the machine. The ordinary machinist will tell an inquirer straight that what he wants to know is a professional secret, or else give an answer about what goes on in the digestive apparatus of the machine in such sterilized terms that the information is perfectly innocuous. When anything gets out of alignment he will take a screw-driver and fumble with half a dozen bolts, just to mystify the operator. Every machine has a worn screw, that will work loose on the slightest provocation, or a weak spring that fails to pull over occasionally, and the machinist who has worked around it for a time knows just which one it is ; but do you suppose he would tell his assistant or any one else where to look for the trouble? Not much; he would sooner be called away from his own work half a dozen times a day than tell an operator where to look for the weakness. That is why it is so hard to get next to what goes on inside the Merg., unless you go through a regular Inland Printer course, for there are a lot of things stowed away in the machine that don’t show in its steel-engraved portraits; they are just put there
THE INLAND PRINTER
47
for people to exercise profanity on, and when one of those dingbats gets dyspepsia or starts buck¬ jumping trouble begins. Swearing does not do much good- and promiscuous pounding with a monkey-wrench only aggravates the trouble. You have to start in on a full course of osteopathy to treat the case rationally. Of course, there are lots of people who can’t understand why any one should pay good money to practice on a meek, captive Merg. at a school when they could get their fingers pinched by the line-delivery carriage back¬ firing on them while monkeying with the assem¬ bler before the shifter comes back, and get cussed for slipping the split bearing. But the school is the only place where the aspiring artist can get an insight into the reason for the three hundred and fifty named springs and a lot more “ not otherwise specified,” as they say in the tariff.
The trainer down at the institute has got half a dozen of the balkiest machines trained so that they would follow him around the shop, if they were not spiked down, and they are so meek that they want to eat out of his hand. He can explain the anatomy of the thing so fast that it would take two stenographers to keep up with him, and at the same time tell an embryo operator how to get his mill going. He has only got to say “ giddap ! ” to the crankiest mill to make it pull like a little lamb. That is why it is a fellow can learn more in a few weeks at school than he can worry out among a lot of clams, who seem to be principally interested in keeping everything to themselves.
So “ Billy ” worked out his diploma and got out just in time to catch a job on the voters’ lists that were being printed for the spring election. This, by the way, was what I started to tell about, for “ Billy ” caught on as a night operator at his old shop. Among other copy he got a take on the worst foreign precinct in the ward, the names being mostly of an unpronounceable character — almost all consonants with a flavor of garlic, x’s and z’s. Eight-point on an eight-em slug; the copy was poor and the names hard to follow, but he did the best he could with them. As the lines were so short, he found it easier to pi out a line when he blundered than to correct it in the assem¬ bler. He struck a name like Demetri Pflyghoski, and nearly smashed the keyboard getting it out; anyway, it was all balled up, so he ran down cmfwyp to fill out the line and took a second crack at it. The pi line came out longer than he figured, and, knocking out the pump-stop, cast and ran into the galley. It was getting toward morning and the proofreader, finding that he couldn’t read the copy any better than “ Billy,” even when he spelled out every name, letter by letter, gave it up in disgust, trusting the election commissioners
would catch anything he missed. But they were just as tired of the job as the others, and being dynamo and devil driven to get the lists out on time, O. K.’d the proofs and returned them unread. Election day came and the contest was so close in the ward that the heelers had to get out every vote; they voted all the deaders and absentees they dared in addition to the regular repeaters who had registered and voted in each precinct at 50 cents per. Shortly before the close of the poll, one of the watchers noticed that the pi line was unchecked and a skirmish was made for some one to vote it. A big Hungarian was the only man that could be found who even dared to pronounce the name, and he was hustled to the polling-place. The judges of election had their doubts about let¬ ting him vote, as he could hardly speak a word of English, but after he had repeated the name sev¬ eral times in the same tone of voice, they were forced to the conclusion that he must be the right man or too desperate a character to be trifled with, so they let him exercise the rights and privileges of a full-fledged American citizen. Of course, figures might be quoted to show that that one vote was just what was needed to carry the election, but, as the statistics are not available, we will have to let it go at that.
THE MONKEY-WRENCH CAME BACK.
You have doubtless heard of the story of the cat that came back. Here is one about a monkey-wrench that returned. It is vouched for by the superintendent of a lithographing concern in New York, so it must be true.
A barrel of ink was received from an ink manufac¬ turer. It was billed at 32 cents a pound. The barrel was opened, and its contents found unfit for the job for which it was intended, and was returned to the manufacturer. Before heading it up, one of the boys, in a spirit of mis¬ chief, stuck a broken monkey-wrench down into the ink, and left it there. The next day after the ink was returned to the maker a salesman came around and informed the superintendent that he had a lot of 40-cent ink that he thought was about what he wanted. It was much better than the 32-cent ink, but he would put it in at 32 cents a pound owing to the trouble experienced with the first lot. It would be ready for shipment the next day.
The next day a barrel of ink was delivered and was soon opened ready for the job. With the first lot out of the barrel there came a hard substance. Investigation proved it to be the monkey-wrench. — The National Lithographer.
VALUABLE ARTICLES REPRINTED IN BOOK FORM.
“ Design and Color in Printing,” by F. J. Trezise, is not a vague exposition of theories regarding type-design. It is a setting forth of fundamental facts underlying design and color, each statement being supported by the reasons there¬ for. Reprinted from The Inland Printer. Fully illus¬ trated, and contains eighty-eight pages. Bound in heavy paper cover. Price, $1. For sale by The Inland Printer Company.
From etching by L. 0. Griffith, Palette and Chisel Club, Chicago.
THE INLAND PRINTER
49
Written for The Inland Printer.
THE COMMERCIAL ARTIST— HIS USE AND MISUSE.
NO. I. - BY ANNA M. DENNISTON.
any age, especially one like the present, in which commerce plays so important a part, it is well for all concerned if the strongest influ¬ ences at work are in the direction of a balanced combination of the utilitarian and the ideal. In ap¬ proaching the subject of the artist and his work, whether commercial or otherwise, it is safe to concede that he exerts an influence that helps to strike this happy balance in the affairs of men ; but he can not be considered alone, for he is closely associated with his fellows, and must work with them as well as for them. In an attempt to classify, one is moved to name the seller, the buyer, and the talent employed to introduce the former’s wares to the favorable notice of the latter, or, in other words, to the general public. It would seem that the “ misuse ” as well as the use of this “ talent ” requires our attention, and only by applying thought to the matter in a serious study can we discover what this misuse is, what are its causes and what the results. We may well begin this process by looking into the nature, the occupa¬ tion and the ideals of the man who deals in art for commercial purposes, and his position as judge of both the artist and the mass of men to whom he sells.
Next, an estimate should be made as closely as possible of what constitutes the “ public,” and the influences that establish a basis for judgment of their average intelligence or receptivity and appreciation. As a result of this a conclusion may be drawn as to what degree of elasticity it is safe to allow artistic expression in exploiting wares before them, and finally what degree of pressure and effort it is wise for the seller of goods to put
the business man — the one who buys the artist’s work and uses it to exploit his goods. The course of his life has, in most cases, been guided by the star of “ practical business success.” He has faced the world in his youth with this in mind, and, hav¬ ing decided what branch of business to follow, has forged ahead. He has spent little time in abstrac¬ tions; he has viewed his fellow men kindly, but somewhat more individually than universally. He has classified, and defined and arranged, and the result is a well-organized business and a beautiful commercial product of definite value. His chief ideal is finally to continue the perfecting of this, and the more and more successful presentation of it, that as large a part of the world as possible may become his patron. He is a man of general interest and kindly feeling. If he happens to be young in the field he is likely to be either in an experimental attitude toward advertising meth¬ ods or to adopt the plan of copying his contempo¬ raries. The former attitude is desirable, and is one which proves advantageous to maintain, to some degree, throughout a career. If he is older in his work, however, he is sure to have much valu¬ able experience, upon which he continually draws, and an intelligent understanding upon a wide range of subjects. All this being true, he is never¬ theless inclined, as a rule, to allow himself to become encased in a mail of tradition and to form rules for himself and others that are harmful in their effects upon himself and them. He says: “ Thus we have done, so we are doing now, and so we are inclined to do in the future, because we have proved that it works. We trust to our expe¬ rience and we have found what we are satisfied to call the level to which the public can arise in appre¬ ciation of our wares. We think it is best, there¬ fore, to take no chances ; at least, to be very mod¬ erate in that regard.”
Right here there is need of a statement of the
Decorative suggestions by Fred S. Bertsch, Chicago.
forth in his attempts to raise the present general level, keeping in mind financial success, as well as the application of more artistic ideals.
First of all, let us make the acquaintance of
1-4
position which the middleman holds to the two principal classes with which he deals. He stands between the artist and the public to open, expand and promote the good of both (and meanwhile his
50
THE INLAND PRINTER
own as a natural reaction) or to choke the avenues of progress for each.
Now, let us ask the public to speak for itself and tell us how spontaneous and “ artistic ” a mes¬ sage it is capable of receiving and understanding ; how high or how low, how elastic or how rigid an estimate it justifies at the hand of the advertising man.
In the cities even the most limited and poverty- stricken and uncultured are constantly thrown into contact with the newspaper, all kinds of pub¬ lic advertising and (obnoxious though it be gen¬ erally considered) the public billboard, as well as with various forms of ornament even in the sim-
serves the advertising man and the public — the commercial artist — and get some personal knowl¬ edge of him. It may be well to leave him before we finish our remarks, lest he take exception to some of them, but the social kind of meetings is the kind that starts us off best if we would begin right to understand, not only the man, but his work and the reasons for its characteristics and tendencies. It is safe to say that no man ever sets his face toward an artistic avocation unless he is by very nature an enthusiast, a man of some unusual degree of idealism, and, more than that, with a deep faith in and an interpretive affection for his fellowmen. The boy, or indeed the girl (but we
Pen-and-ink drawing by Otto E. Hake, Chicago.
plest architecture. As the social level rises the people are constantly fed by these sources of edu¬ cation — broadening as they begin to seek, and at the top we find unlimited capacity for apprecia¬ tion and interpretation. In the country there is a very small percentage of abject poverty, to begin with, and as time goes by, the telephone, the inter- urban road, the rural delivery and even — in regions not far removed from active towns — the electric light have been introduced. There are num¬ berless newspapers, magazines and books scat¬ tered through the country districts, and, aside from all these, there is a large movement notice¬ able among men who have held good but limiting positions in cities to purchase farms and move to the country. So we see a great wave of expansion and dissemination of social life, and what the result will be can hardly be estimated — should not be limited.
Now, let us shake hands with the man who
must speak generically for the sake of ease) , who starts out to be an artist, starts because he sees a grand view ahead, and he expects to cover the whole wonderful, glowing area with touches of his own hand.
Nothing is too great or too large, under the name of art, for him to believe possible even for him; but as he approaches, the beautiful gates seem to fall together, and through a mere crack he now peers. Instead of the vision, there comes a daily round to him, and a limited thing to do. His technical education he gains in many ways. He studies in the art schools and thus finds instructors to tell him how to begin systematic thinking. He labors with construction, composition, color, har¬ mony, contrast, and then, having been touched by definite ideas, he tramps along the streets and looks and looks ; he roams the woods and fields — and looks. He composes, analyzes, criticizes and admires whatever he sees and wherever he goes.
THE INLAND PRINTER
51
He must do this, for does he not need to become acquainted with the world he is to picture and to picture for? He scans his fellowmen and sees in their faces, figures and manners beauty — always some beauty, and character — always a little, at least, of that. Another stage is entered when he begins to “ make a living.” It seems now as if the gate closes a little more and the vista narrows, and he begins to wonder how he can turn from the broad view and work practically, closely, literally — even, at times, blindly and obediently. He is now centered upon how best to furnish a supply to
balanced things ; all because he is asked to do them by word of mouth or by force of other bias of per¬ sonal or public opinion. Nevertheless, through it all, he keeps the vision he gained through the wide portal standing open before his enthusiastic youth. He keeps a faith that the heart of man is there “ for a’ that,” and that some key will open the lock and conditions dawn that will liberate him.
Let it be noted that, whatever output of his art is seen, the man who stands thus ready to turn his hand to utility is the kind of a man just presented ; therefore, one to be approached as a sort of reserve
are all down on the time bookfor ' $8 a day hut one reason why some . .. receive less in their envelopes is
because the cash is held back to 111 lf|ij pay someone else for looking after Mill® them, laying out the work, and holding them to their tasks. I know lots of men who pay $7 per day for supervision. The less supervision the more pay:, the more supervision the less pay—^xr ffl6ertus
n of lettering and designing by Oswald Cooper and Fred S. Bertsch, Chicago.
meet a demand. He temporizes with his optimism and his faith in a responsive world, but he never forsakes them, and in this loyalty is his salvation.
For the sake of the commercial and because of its artistic standards, he trims off ; first, a desire to do some particular “ large ” thing and does some other “ practical ” thing. Then he trims off his desire to do that other thing ideally — better than it has ever been done before. At last he often for¬ sakes the idea of doing it beautifully at all because it is “ too artistic,” “ too much of a good thing,” “ the public can’t appreciate it,” and so on. So, then, he does “ cut-and-dried things” and ugly things; impossibly drawn things and crudely col¬ ored things; badly composed things and poorly
fund which, if drawn upon, will open up, and, if rightly used, will rise to whatever expression is demanded by the needs of the matter with which he has to deal. This almost-history of the start and subsequent course of the commercial artist is given in detail to convince whoever is interested in knowing that it is safe to say that the few little scraps of paper which float about the world bear¬ ing his work and name are scarcely adequate for an estimate of him — of what he is potentially, can be practically or even will be eventually, when dif¬ ferently approached and may be better “ used.”
Into an old world city, interesting though it be, where rules make men rather than men rules, the progressive spirit of the “ new world ” has gone
52
THE INLAND PRINTER
and an energetic Chicago man has built the largest, the most beautiful and the best equipped store in Lon¬ don. The picture he carried with him to his task was that of Chicago with its magnificent buildings, and of New York with its still more lofty and towering structures standing, a “dim rich city,” at the eastern gate of a great country.
The spirit of this country has rec¬ ognized the principles that make such building projects possible, and has been willing to trust these principles, especially as their reliability is more and more effectually demonstrated. The good old city of London knows these same things, but what shall it do with the dear old traditions of “ the fathers ? ” They are sacred and, above all, safe. To them the people cling to the extent that, when the man with the unlimited ideals and a broad knowledge asks the opportunity to apply both, he is required to modify to the point of limitation. This “ largest store,” therefore, stands but five stories above the ground. What can not go up, however, can go down, and so, below ground lie three stories more. Contrast this “largest store” with like modern business houses in Chicago and a forcible illustration is given of what can be accomplished under limiting rules and traditions, and again of what can be done where an open thought prevails and the at¬ mosphere is that of progression.
If such monuments stand in stone, representing the power of fixed ideas, or the reverse, to promote or to hin¬ der public and individual good, surely it is plain that whatever enters into the structure of a business, whether in the line of production of wares or their exploitation by means of intel¬ ligent artistic representation, and the results of both in business success, the same laws govern and there will be like results.
(To be continued.)
HIS STATISTICS.
At the Boston Immigration Station one blank was recently filled out as follows : Name — Abraham Cherkowsky.
Born — -Yes.
Business — ■ Rotten. — Everybody’s Maga-
by Otto E.
Palette and Chisel Club, Chicago.
THE INLAND PRINTER
53
Written for The Inland Printer.
ADVANCING THE ELECTROTYPING INDUSTRY.
BY JAMES B. ROGERS.
■EN engaged in a calling requiring experience and manipulative skill are made secure of their livelihood in proportion as their skill and experience is difficult to attain. The development of a high efficiency requires many sacrifices ; many ob¬ stacles have to be overcome, and, withal, the opportunities for study and research are few and inade¬ quate in the factory routine of modern in¬ dustry. By organiza¬ tion employees protect themselves as best they may against lowering the standard of living, and seek to protect the individual worker against submitting to the demands of neces¬ sity rather than the demands of justice and equity. Out of this condition unhappily the worker’s mind has been directed almost exclusively to this force as an influence to better his condition.
The conception that by pooling their interests as workers and by thus uniting to make cer- t a i n stipulations to protect themselves is good, but is also in danger of being inter¬ preted to the worker’s disadvantage by the claim that he pro¬ poses to offer inferior service for a maximum price. Modern unionism is a steady uplift to improve the service and make the competition one of quality.
Electrotyping has been held back by many restrictions, and it is safe to say that the artificial division of labor in the foundry has defeated the very end sought by the legislators who have urged these cleavages in the operative departments.
Machines for doing finishing work are in operation in some plants. The character of the work makes the machines desirable and the finisher is notable by his absence. Virtually, how¬
ever, the success of an electrotype foundry depends on the amount of work turned out in the best con¬ dition with as little finishing as possible.
It has been the writer’s rule to have the job start right from the molder and come from the depositing tank so that the shells will be perfect, with an absolutely even deposit and no holes. The caster or backer up should be capable of backing a shell with little or no shrinks. My policy has been to have a plate go to the finisher so he will have very little work in straightening. It is a loss to the employer to have a finisher spend half an hour or more straightening a plate. Invariably it is so battered it makes a bad plate, having bruised letters (which have to be replaced by new ones) or holes in the shells, making a finished plate look scarred up as though it had been in a cy¬ clone.
On half-tones I will not permit a hammer or hurdy-gurdy to be used, and limit rubbing with a rubber to the minimum. A half-tone that has “ a shrink ” has to be punched up, thereby ruining the screen by making it print heavy, spoiling all the high lights.
In order to produce a perfect plate, I would advise care in every part of the work done in the foundry. There is no excuse to offer for defective work, as we have, by improve¬ ment in methods, arrived at the top of perfection.
The writer came to the Pacific coast nearly three years ago and was surprised at the small quantity of electrotypes used by printers. The general run of printers considered it impossible to make good plates from original half-tones, but I had no difficulty in producing electros from 150- line half-tones that printed as well as the origi¬ nals. The colorwork and half-tones in the Sunset Magazine, Road of a Thousand Wonders and the Overland Trail — the last two in four colors — are from electrotyped plates made in the foundry of the Calkins Publishing House.
JAMES B. ROGERS,
Superintendent electrotyping department, Calkins Publishing House, San Francisco.
54
THE INLAND PRINTER
This now well-known California house is at the corner of Battery and Commercial streets, San Francisco, California. It occupies a six-story modern structure and annex, specially erected for the firm’s business, which uses a floor space of one hundred thousand square feet. Besides the immense volume of commercial work done in the establishment, the force prints, binds and mails
binding, mailing, are of course accomplished by the most modern processes, the departments being- under the supervision of the most efficient men in their respective lines that can be found. Keeping abreast of the times — frequently a little ahead — in ideas and the economical production of high- grade printing and illustrations are some of the essential features which combine to produce the
ELECTROTYPING DEPARTMENT, CALKINS PUBLISHING HOUSE, SAN FRANCISCO.
the following publications of the Calkins News¬ paper Syndicate: Pandex of the Press, Orchard and Farm, Pacific Miner, Wholesalers’ and Retail¬ ers’ Review, Pythian Chronicle, Trade Journal and the Commercial Travelers’ Bulletin. These publications are also produced by the house for their respective publishers : Sunset Magazine, the largest monthly on the Pacific coast; Western Hotel Reporter, Pacific Coast Merchant, Our Navy and Emanu-El. This roster gives some idea of the capacity of the plant. Any size maga¬ zine, catalogue or piece of printing from its incep¬ tion to the finished product is done under this roof. The designing, engraving, electrotyping, printing,
“ quality ” grade of work that has caused the rapid and substantial growth of the Calkins Publishing House during the last few years.
The writer believes there is a big field for elec¬ trotyping on the Pacific coast, but the printers must be educated to a proper appreciation of the benefit they will derive from its use. Compared with the East, the cost of making electrotypes is about fifteen per cent greater, owing to the fact that we have to pay a heavy freight on supplies such as copper anodes and ozokerite. Iron filings, tinfoil and all other supplies can be bought from local establishments, but at a higher price than in the East.
THE INLAND PRINTER
55
COLOR REGISTER.
BHE commercial printer is frequently called on to do a job of colorwork in two or more colors, and wishes to work two or more plates in a form. From the experience and observation of the writer, there are few pressmen in the so-called “ black offices ” who know how to make up such a form. It is for these that the fol¬ lowing method is suggested, as it will doubtless be of service to them :
Method of making up form for two or more colors
In locking up the first color there should be at least a pica between the plates, to provide for any variation in blocking, as there is sure to be some variation unless the plates are blocked to points, in which case the form should be made up accord¬ ing to the size of the finished job, the plates being blocked to allow at least six points between them, placed in the center of each end, and near each corner on the sides, the length of spacing to be about thirty-six points.
Lock up the form and try the spaces, making sure that they are all tight. Mark the quoins so that you can get the same lock-up again. By splitting up the spacing into two-point leads, one
point and one-half point brass spaces, the plate can be moved easily in any direction, as your proof indicates, by taking out spaces from one side and putting in on the other. Care should be taken to have the same number of points in the form when you are through moving, and the marks on your quoins should line up as before, your spacing be tight, etc.
The same procedure will apply to the remain¬ ing colors or embossing dies.
COLLECTING PRINTERS’ PROOFS.
In an interesting article by Mr. J. H. Yoxall, M.P., in London Opinion, he quotes the following incident as being related by David Christie Murray: “ My name-father, David Christie, was chief reader at Clowes’ printing-office, and, month by month as the proofs of ‘ Our Mutual Friend ’ were printed, it was his habit to borrow the Dickens manu¬ script and take it home with him for his own delectation before it reached the hands of the compositors. In his time Christie had been reader’s boy at Ballantyne’s, in Edinburgh, and in that capacity he had laid hands with a jackdaw’s assiduity on every scrap of literary interest which he could secure. He had proof-sheets corrected by the hands of every notable man of his time. He had been engaged for at least fifty years in making his collection, and he kept it all loosely tumbled together in a big chest, which, he used to tell me, would become my property on the occasion' of his death. Among other treasures, I remember the first uncorrected proofs of ‘ Marmion,’ and a manu¬ script copy of a play by Sheridan Knowles. When Christie died I was in Ireland, and, on my return to London, I found that the whole had been sold to a butterman, as waste paper, at a farthing a pound.” I wonder if any sheets in that collection missed the grease and the crum¬ pling of the purpose for which the butterman bought them?
But, worse is to come. “ There was one literary relic, however, of inestimable value; it consisted of an unpub¬ lished chapter in * Our Mutual Friend,’ in which the Golden Dustman was killed by Silas Wegg. Dickens excised this chapter, had the type broken up, and all the proofs, with the exception of this unique survival, were destroyed.” And that, too, went to the butter-shop. “ Inestimable value,” indeed! Collectors would offer £2,000 for that chapter to-day. No wonder that David Christie Murray went on, “ I am not ashamed to confess that when I got back to London and learned what had befallen my old friend’s collection, I had a bitter cry over it, which lasted me a good two hours.”
HELPS FOR ELECTROTYPERS.
The second edition of “ Electrotyping,” by C. S. Par¬ tridge, is now ready. Over two hundred pages of vital information for everybody interested in this subject. Fully illustrated. Sent by The Inland Printer Company for $2.
PRESSROOM TROUBLES SOLVED.
“ Modern Presswork,” by Fred W. Gage, the latest and most complete information on the subject, will solve the troubles of the pressroom. Twenty-six chapters of vitally interesting text. To be had of The Inland Printer Com¬ pany for $2.
THE INLAND PRINTER
57
I B PRJNTE 1U S
A. H. McQuilkin, Editor.
Published monthly by
THE INLAND PRINTER COMPANY
EDITORIAL NOTES.
THE owner of a small plant who has a “ show window ” usually allows it to be distinguished as the least attractive on the street. This is a mis¬ take; a printer’s window, no less than that of a storekeeper, is taken as an indication of the qual¬ ity of his wares. An artistically arranged show¬ case or display creates a favorable impression in the minds of passersby, which is the first step in the making of a customer.
Vol. XLIII. APRIL, 1909. No. 1.
“■ “• — -•* r"po”lb,e
In publicity-promoting circles there is a dis¬ cussion as to whether a million dollars could make a dent in the business of a certain well-known soap. There have been costly attacks on the citadel, which have been flat failures, and though the exact amount expended has not been made public, it was no small sum. That such a question should arise among experts is a substantial tribute to the value of judicious advertising and good articles.
The rising tide of interest in craft affairs is demonstrated when two busy Bostonians like A. W. Finlay and H. A. Brown travel to Montreal for the purpose of shedding light on printing costs. That they journey so far, demonstrates the evangels are imbued with enthusiasm born of a knowledge that they have a message of worth and helpfulness. Such displays of earnestness must of necessity impress those for whom the message is intended, and, as is mete, the missionaries have large and intensely interested audiences.
Organization among employers is a subject that is attracting attention in an ever-widening sphere. In our cost and method department for February we reprinted portions of a significant speech by President Berry, of the International Pressmen’s Union, in which he was reported to have made an appeal to employees to “ cooperate with employers in building up the industry.” In this issue we reproduce an editorial from the Typo¬ graphical Journal, “ official paper of the Inter¬ national Typographical Union.” The article is a dispassionate review of the situation, as befits the Journal , the spokesman of employees who have a vital interest in seeing the financial status of the trade improved. Naturally, emphasis is placed on what the unions have accomplished, to which pos¬ sibly some of our readers may take exception. The Journal has a new editor — Mr. Hays — who has until recently been one of the field men for the union, and in that capacity had exceptional oppor¬ tunities of studying the commercial printing situa¬ tion. In his opinion the remedy is found in a much broader form of organization than has prevailed
58
THE INLAND PRINTER
heretofore. Mr. Hays seems to think the situa¬ tion calls for heroic measures, and so counsels a combination of all parties in interest. The piece¬ meal organizations have not achieved their main ostensible purpose, while organizations on a more liberal basis show promise of results, in the Jour¬ nal’s opinion. We commend a perusal of the arti¬ cle to those who are at all concerned about the welfare of the trade.
The large and expansive ideas of Kaiser Wilhelm have a reflection in the shape of an enor¬ mous public debt. German statesmen, in exer¬ cising their ingenuity to find taxable commodities, purpose to place imposts on advertisements, and in accordance with German methods it is intended to do this thoroughly, for no publicity announce¬ ment shall escape, whether it be a flaming three- sheet poster or a humble theater ticket, unless it be the advertisement of some out-of-work seeking a situation. The financiers have calculated to a nicety the revenue that will roll in from each class of advertising, but are silent as to the effect of this taxation on trade. Though advertising is not indulged in by Germans to the extent that it is by American or British merchants, yet it has played no small part in building up commercial Germany, and observers are marveling at the threat to give it a black eye. _
The new woman is manifesting herself in a way that is pleasing to the “ country editor.” It is not unusual to hear of ladies of the younger set in “ society circles ” of Cohoconk, or some other such place, forming an organization so as to most effectively declare that they will not wed one who drinks, smokes or chews. A score or so of beauti¬ ful maidens of a Hoosier community have added a positive virtue to the usual list of negative quali¬ ties required of otherwise eligible parties. They demand that swains who wish to meet them at the altar must read the home paper. While man’s ordinary vices are considered great evils, these ladies assert that failure to take the paper is evi¬ dence of want of intelligence, as well as being indicative of stinginess and indifference to the need for educational facilities. We wish the new society well in its capacity as a circulation agent ; as to its other purposes — well, we are printers.
In the stress to make ends meet or reach the goal of our ambition, we are prone to overlook the rights and comforts of others or forget our duty to society. With the best of intentions we uncon¬ sciously are responsible for injustices, sometimes immediately and sometimes remotely chargeable to us. It is well for ourselves and for the world
that our attention be called to such lapses from social duty, even if the tone of the monitor be harsh and his words severe. President Taft, in an address at Philadelphia, maintained his reputa¬ tion for breadth and fair-mindedness when he said : “ The mercantile spirit, the effect of luxu¬
rious living, the greed of financial power, the inertia produced by present comfort, all have a tendency to blind us to the abuses and evils that creep into our business, governmental and social life, and it needs some great, strong, courageous spirit to paint, not in too delicate color and with no fear of hurting the people’s feelings, the truth, and to stir up the people to demand in tones that can not be denied a reform of the abuses.” It will be noticed that Mr. Taft does not seek to justify or excuse the censor or agitator, but boldly says that we need him as a moral and social corrector.
The so-called country printer who makes wry faces at the sight of work leaving his bailiwick for a larger place, should look to himself more and denounce his “ natural customer ” less. He for¬ gets that the improvement in display typography as manifested in newspaper and magazine adver¬ tising departments has educated the public taste to a better appreciation of quality in the printed page. If our disgruntled friend but looks into the matter deeply he will be surprised to find that he lost many jobs, not on account of price, but because the quality of his product was not pleasing. It may be some customers will say the local price was not as satisfactory as that given by the suc¬ cessful bidder. That may or may not be true ; it is the kindest and most considerate way of explain¬ ing the situation, for, in the intimate relations and intense local patriotism that obtain in small places, it is outre to cast reflections on the quality of a fellow-citizen’s product. If the printer will but persist he will find that unsatisfactory and imperfect work has been his undoing. This appe¬ tite for quality in printing is an unmixed good ; it is even of benefit to those whom it temporarily embarrasses. Their troubles are seated in the fact that they have not kept pace with the artistic growth of their public. If all clamored for the very highest grade of typography it would indeed be a blue outlook for many offices. At present that is not what is demanded. The public is content with neat, clean work. This is possible with a small outfit of carefully selected letters, fair stock, and decent ink. A study of the typography in every¬ day use shows that we are getting away from the regime of a multitude of faces, and the most sat¬ isfying results are secured with few faces prop¬ erly arranged and massed. The principles which underly correct composition are now taught scien-
THE INLAND PRINTER
59
tifically, and the country printer need not despair. If he wants to retain his home work through merit, he should read up on these modern methods, so that he may direct the production of good work; fail¬ ing that, he should induce his employees to do so. With the aid of scientific instruction, country printers will be surprised at the effects that can be obtained with a limited variety of faces. There are few offices but are able to turn out creditable work if the material is used to the best advantage.
The legal controversy between the pressmen’s union and the United Typothetse has been decided in favor of the union. This is probably a surprise to all those concerned. When Judge Thompson handed down his decision refusing to make the injunction permanent, we dissented from the line of reasoning followed. Not, of course, because it may not have been good law ; but it was apparent that if business had to be transacted in accordance with such rulings there would be chaos in the industrial world. For the most part jurists and attorneys are unpractical men, more concerned — in the courtroom at least — with technicalities than with vital aspects of the question. Therefore, wise men avoid courts. The Typothetse judged by the constant drift of court decisions against labor organizations, and felt safe in invoking judicial protection. The unexpected happened, and it found itself the victim of unpractical modes of thought that had heretofore been used with so much effect against the unions. The courts have but slight influence on events in the industrial field, as it is difficult for the ordinary lawyer, immersed in his books and worshiping precedents, to comprehend the giant forces that are cease¬ lessly working, which care naught for technicali¬ ties and joyfully laugh precedent to scorn. The national board of arbitration in the newspaper side of the craft has refused to allow attorneys to appear before it. The reason given was that experience with attorneys demonstrated they obscured the merits of the contention with incon¬ sequential quibbles. Notwithstanding contrary opinion in high quarters, we do not believe indus¬ trialists will receive much valuable help from the courts in solving the problems that press for solu¬ tion. _ _
Almost every magazine contains an article dealing more or less remotely with some phase of the labor question. We are enlightened about profit-sharing systems and welfare work day by day, but few are the comments on voluntary cooperation. This is because American working¬ men have not paid attention to that method of self-uplift. Why this is so is an enigma, for in its
swaddling-clothes days the modern trade union’s expressed aspiration was an industrial system in which employer and employee should be coordi¬ nated in the same person. This idea was des¬ canted on by working-class leaders and papers down to the later eighties, when it dropped out of sight. Now no publicist advocates it, and the one¬ time cooperators regretfully admit that their efforts were failures. Department stores and the wholesale introduction of machinery in produc¬ tive enterprises have had much to do with the retirement of this feature — probably more than the incapacity of American workingmen to con¬ duct business successfully, though that is the reason popularly assigned. Cooperative organiza¬ tions continue to flourish in the printing industry of Great Britain. Official reports tell us that these printing-trade societies employed 2,213 persons, whose earnings were £118,547 for the year. This is interesting, but it would be more valuable to know if their method of settling the labor prob¬ lem is growing in favor, or is at a standstill. It is not sufficient to be told that these societies are doing more business than they were a year or a decade ago ; the true test is whether the increase, if any, has been in keeping with the proportional expansion of the whole volume of trade. Though tangible proof has not come under our eye, we have formed the opinion that productive coopera¬ tion is not relatively holding its own, even in the land of its greatest apostles and highest develop¬ ment. _
The agitation against billboards and dodgers has some reason for being, it must be admitted. These forms of advertising have immense value, however, and a rational regulation of the abuses that have crept in is desirable, but there is no justification for their prohibition, as in Germany. With our lax civic methods, the outcry against unsightly hoardings and circulars on the streets is somewhat amusing, especially when we see it in a newspaper that is defending a municipal admin¬ istration for not removing the vilest kind of filth from the roadways. The commercial printer is interested in this agitation, and if he protests against the hue and cry raised he will be accused of narrowness and want of public spirit, the stock retort of the press. These are the days in which business practices and methods bow to the public weal. But we should be sure the public is served by the elimination of this class of advertising. Billboards reach many whose eyes can not be attracted otherwise, and their liberal use by large advertisers of national scope show they are valu¬ able as supplementing large expenditures in maga¬ zines and daily papers. As was demonstrated
60
THE INLAND PRINTER
recently by the Ben Franklin Club of Chicago, to place circulars under a ban would deprive many merchants of the only feasible means they have of reaching their clientele. A policy that limits their opportunities can not be designated as being wholly inspired by a regard for the common wel¬ fare. Nor is it; the newspapers and magazines are prompted by selfish interests in this particu¬ lar “ uplifting ” movement. This charge is usu¬ ally either ignored or denied by those concerned, but our good Canadian friend, the Printer and Publisher, instead of equivocating, appeals to the newspaper world to look after its own interests. It concludes an article headed “ Eliminate Bill¬ board Advertising ” with this candid confession : “ The newspapers, who are the real losers by this form of publicity, should agitate against what might be more definitely known as landscape advertising, if for nothing else than to get back advertisements which have been diverted from their legitimate channels. Self-interest primarily and the interests of sightseers and traveling peo¬ ple should impel them to this move.” There is no doubt our contemporary has exposed the vital spot in anti-billboard and circular campaigns, and there is no reason why commercial printers should hesi¬ tate to protect their interests, for in doing so within bounds they can occupy as high ground as those making the attacks.
In a review of the first twenty-four weeks of the operation of the International Typographical Union’s old-age pension law, the Typographical Journal presents some interesting facts. In this period of two weeks short of six months 504 mem¬ bers received pensions, though 521 applications were approved, forty-four were disapproved and one was withdrawn. The local unions which have pensioner members embrace about two-thirds of the total membership of the international, and the pensioners constitute slightly more than one and one-half per cent of the members of the local unions with which they are connected. The aver¬ age age of applicants for pension is given as 68.5 years ; 59.3 per cent are between sixty and seventy years, 35.6 per cent are septuagenarians, and 4.7 per cent octogenarians, while there is a lone nona¬ genarian. The one woman on the roll hails from New England, is sixty-two years of age and has been a union member for thirty-two consecutive years. These and other figures are not given by the officers for the purpose of furnishing interest¬ ing reading, but is incidental to an effort to inform the members concerning the financial conditions of the pension fund, so that they may reach an intelligent conclusion as to the best disposition to make of the surplus. As every lover of his kind
will be pleased to know, the union made too liberal provision for its old members. Speaking in round numbers, the receipts on this account are $16,000 a month, while the expenditures for the same period so far total about $7,000. This left a bal¬ ance in the fund on February 20 of $126,000. The source of revenue is a tax of one-half of one per cent on the earnings of union printers, and one of the questions to be decided by them is what shall be done with this steadily mounting surplus, as it is not in keeping with the past policy of this organ¬ ization to have an enormously large fund on hand — the present total balance being less than a quar¬ ter of a million dollars — the decision on this point may mark a new departure in methods. They may decide to so modify the rules governing eligi¬ bility for pension so as to embrace all deficients, and provide that the overplus be used for offensive and defensive purposes. It is also possible that the avenue for outlay will not be widened mate¬ rially, and the surplus devoted to the establish¬ ment of a fund of a million dollars or so for mili¬ tant purposes, which would meet the approval of those members who believe in wielding the big stick, as well as peace-lovers who see wisdom in the trade-union aphorism, “A large defense fund is the best preventive of trouble.” In printing- trade organizations a plethora of funds is a rarity, and how the happy-go-lucky, generous-hearted compositors will deal with the problem can not fail to be of interest from the standpoint of the mere looker-on as well as that of the sociologist.
The uses of an organization are limitless. In Chicago recently it acted as an X-ray on the meth¬ ods of a buyer of printing. After bidding on a job a member received the following note : “ Refer¬
ring to your quotation on catalogues, we notice that your quotation is a little high and, as we will be unable to place the contract before noon on Saturday, we thought you might appreciate the opportunity to run over your figure again and see if you could see wherein you might have over¬ estimated the cost of some of the work and pos¬ sibly submit another figure on the job that might run lower than your former quotation. Please ’phone your reply to this letter, so that we will be sure to have it before noon on Saturday.” Men¬ tioning the incident at a quasi-social gathering of the association, it was discovered several com¬ petitors had received similar missives. The moral is obvious ; the next time that customer works the game he will have to use his inventive faculties, for a moldy form-letter and a simpering type¬ writer may not prove a sufficiently powerful com¬ bination to wheedle the printer out of his just dues.
THE INLAND PRINTER
61
Written for The Inland Printer.
EVOLUTION IN LANGUAGE.
SOMETHING like a tour de force is involved in fitting such a subject as the use of capital letters under the heading “ Evolution in Language,” as the forms of letters are not inherent items or constituents of language. But our title is used in a spirit of comprehensive freedom that contemplates much that the letter strictly excludes. While letter-forms are not language- elements, they are the means of expressing lan¬ guage, and as such come within our purview with no need of apology. Evolution is as active in mat¬ ters of form as in those of sense.
We have little to learn from history that will guide us in the use of capitals. Nearly all it has for us is the one fact that no system has ever been universally accepted, though long ago, for a short time, such a practice was almost universal that while it lasted everybody was comfortable in con¬ formity to it. But it was not a systematic prac¬ tice, except in one respect. Nearly every noun was capitalized, and the few that were not were by no means settled ; apparently the only semblance of rule that was in vogue consisted in allowing every one to suit himself, and to be logical or not, as he chose. At that time no one troubled himself or others with formal criticism. And even now it is unfashionable to be very critical in such mat¬ ters. In fact, it is so decidedly unusual for any¬ thing to appear in print about capitals, anywhere except in grammar text-books, that the writer was almost startled by an editorial article recently pub¬ lished in a New York morning paper under the heading “ Capital Letters.” The article shows how some fallacies have taken root, and says things that make it almost worth while to quote it entire. Here is some of it :
“ The Saturday Review of last week uttered a warning about the. insidious influence of capitals on the popular mind in political, social, and intel¬ lectual matters. It instances the effect of spelling empire with an E. The warning might be called somewhat belated, seeing that the steady diminu¬ tion in the use of capitals during the last hundred years has been partly due to the recognition of this fact by science and democracy. On the other hand, it may be called timely* seeing that the less frequently capitals are used the greater, of course, is their potency. What suggestive influence could they exercise in the eighteenth century, when they were attached to all nouns alike, as they still are in Germany? . . .
Large letters were introduced among the
small before punctuation was invented, to mark
the beginning of sentences . Then was
discovered the emphasizing and honorific use of capitals. Thenceforward their functions were manifold, reducible to no single code, and capitals were, as a French writer has said, the ‘ despair of printers.’ . . . Altogether it is an amusing,
Shandean sort of subject, and most amusing of all are those logical cheeseparers who, overlooking the fact that capitalization has become largely a question of taste, would establish some hard and
fast law in the matter . The use of
them [capitals] is not to be absolutely regulated, and each publisher must establish a code for him¬ self. Those who have taste will go right; those who have not will err.”
This indicates a number of questions that might lead to interesting knowledge through research in finding answers for them ; but some of them have no absolutely practical bearing, and so are not worthy of consideration for our purpose. In the first place, is it true that capitals have any insidious influence? Such assertion is at least open to question, and we may doubt whether spell¬ ing empire with a capital E ever had any effect more than the crea- 1
tion of a momentary hitch in a . reader’s mind as to its propriety.
It seems likely that nearly every- -<y body would simply read the word for what it means and never notice whether it had a small or a large initial.
“ Steady diminution in the use of capitals during the last hundred years ” is a specious fallacy. The one who wrote it could, by judi¬ cious selection of books as ex¬ emplars, show an excellent basis for the assertion, but another equally judicious selection could be made to disprove the asserted diminution. Some people do not use so many capitals as nearly everybody did some time ago, and some others are not far behind the older fashion of frequency, though the fact of change in the words chosen for capitalizing is |f| probably provable. 1
When we read that 'MxZ
Pen-and-ink sketch by 0
62
THE INLAND PRINTER
the alleged diminution “has been partly due to the recognition of this fact,” do we not wonder what fact is meant? The article is quoted in full to this point, and no fact has been stated except that a paper uttered a warning. Can this warning have had an effect extending back through a whole century ?
How do we know that infrequency increases the potency of capital letters? This question involves that of the value of principles, and belit¬ tles that value so much that we can not accept the assertion as a matter of course. We shall never have any comfort or real reason in practice until we have certain principles widely adopted and intelligently applied. When the present writer found, among rules made by an editor, one that prescribed Governor of a State, and another for mayor of a city, he awaited a proper opportunity, and when that came he showed the editor a sen¬ tence, in strict conformity to the rules, and asked if he wished it so. The sentence said that the mayor spoke to the Governor, and the editor did not wish it to be so ; but when the suggestion was made that certain principles be adopted and adhered to, that editor said it could not be done. In one way he was right. Such practice would demand departure from commonest usage to a considerable extent. But, on the contrary, the only office the writer has ever known where every man setting type knew just when to use a capital was one in which no rules were made, except in the chief proofreader’s mind. No man could bring this about, and keep it so, without principles firmly held and closely applied.
One other matter mentioned in the article quoted is worth a little attention, in its historical aspect, although this writing already has more appearance of being a specific criticism than it was intended to be. We are told that in the eight¬ eenth century all nouns were capitalized, and the date of such practice seems to be somewhat too late as there given. Such capitalizing was done much earlier than the eighteenth century. It was probably early in that century when the practice began to be modified, and it has left some traces to the present time, for even now many words fre¬ quently have capitals without a much more specific reason, especially in British print. Evidence for an earlier date may be found in the following, from a reprint of letters by a daughter of Sir Thomas More, who wrote early in the sixteenth century:
“ With a suddain Burste of fond Recollection, he hid his Eyes on my Shoulder, and for a Moment or soe, cried bitterlie.” “ Here have they ta’en a Fever of some low Sorte in my House of Refuge.” “As she is a Girl of few Words, I had best leave her alone after a Caress and kind Saying or two.”
Lindley Murray, the grammarian, wrote before the end of the eighteenth century : “ It
was formerly the custom to begin every noun with a capital: but as this practice was troublesome, and gave the writing or printing a crowded and confused appearance, it has been discontinued.” Such changes are not made in a short time. They are always gradual and slow.
Another noteworthy fact is shown in the following quotation, borrowed from Wilson’s “ Treatise on Punctuation,” Clarendon’s “ History of the Rebellion ” being the original source : “ Thus Fell the greatest Subject in power, and little infe¬ rior to any in Fortune that was at that time in any of the three Kingdoms ; Who could well remember the time when he led those People who then pursued him to his Grave.” Mr. Wilson says, just before quoting this: “It was formerly the custom to use capitals with greater frequency and less discrimination than it is at the present day; almost every noun, nay, in some cases almost every word of the slightest importance, having had its initial thus distinguished.” Probably this comes nearer to the truth than the unqualified statement that every noun had a capital, and it is most likely that one condition prevailed in those old times that is very common now, that, namely, of lack of real system.
We are told by the newspaper that every pub¬ lisher must make his own code, and the assertion follows a reference to the “ cheeseparers ” who would establish some hard and fast law. No code can be made by any one without establishing laws, at least for the one set of people whose practice is to be governed by the code. The writer believes that something may be done that will be found helpful, without any intention of trying to dictate or make laws; but it seems apparent that con¬ structive work in the matter must be preceded by destructive criticism. What has been said is but a beginning of such criticism, which may well be extended and enforced by specific citation, espe¬ cially as showing some differences of opinion that may be irreconcilable.
ALL LIKE HOGS.
When one hog gets an ear of corn every other hog will trot along behind and squeal and beg and is ready for a bite, but just let the hog get his head fast in the crack of a fence and every son of a sow will jump on and help tear him to pieces. Just so it is with men. As long as a man is prosperous and has money he can’t keep his friends off with a baseball bat. The moment he is unfortunate and his wealth is gone he is not only snubbed by his former friends but they begin to do all harm possible. When a man starts down grade the world steps to one side and greases the track. — Leland (III.) Times.
THE INLAND PRINTER
63
Written for The Inland Printer.
PHOTOGRAVURE FOR ADVANCED STUDENTS.
THE PRESSROOM.
f^iHE pressroom, Fig. 6, is provided with five presses, a screw-press and drying cupboard for the dry¬ ing boards, also a sink and damp¬ ing bench. If large numbers are run off, more printing accommoda¬ tion will be called for. I have shown two 24-inch, two 30-inch and one large press. These occupy one-half the room, so if a duplicate plant were installed and the paper department sent to another room, the print-
the press and stacks the prints, returning the plate to the printer, who devotes himself solely to filling and wiping. By these means the output of a printer may be more than doubled, as he does not lose time by constantly walking around his press. He should be able to make a thousand prints a day from an easy plate, say 6 by 9.
APPARATUS — THE CAMERA.
Having discussed the arrangement of the rooms, we will now take a look at the apparatus for each department. First, the camera. If a square one is used, eighteen inches is a good size. There is no particular advantage to be gained by using a square camera, unless direct photography
Fie. 6. — Pressroom, showing copperplate presses with cross-trees and rotary mangle action.
ing equipment would then be equal to the plate¬ making capacity of the establishment.
The presses shown are operated by hand. If power presses were installed, the output would be considerably increased. Such presses could be driven from one overhead shaft, running along the center of the room. Where a very large num¬ ber of prints are called for, it pays to have dupli¬ cate plates made. With this arrangement, two printers can use one press, or one printer may work two plates. A helper places the plates on the press, lays the paper, runs the plate through
* All rights reserved.
is contemplated, as an upright subject can just as well be copied horizontally in the camera. There is no need for such elaborate cameras as are used in relief copying, but the body should probably be a solid, sliding wooden one, as the bellows type, being always extended, collects dust and dirt and soon falls into ruin.
The dark-slide arrangement should allow for a good system of drainage and for plenty of room for blotting-paper pads to absorb the silver solu¬ tion which drains from the plate. From time to time the slide should be revarnished with shellac varnish, as the silver quickly rots the wood if
64
THE INLAND PRINTER
allowed to soak into it. As stated before, it is economy to have a separate slide for the dry- plate work. For the lens, any of the standard makes are alike suitable, but be sure that it will cover the largest plate into the corners without undue stopping down; also do not fail to have iris diaphragms fitted.
THE COPY EASEL.
The copy easel should have a fixed shelf and a backboard to which copy can be attached with
the board. This will enable the operator to center his copy immediately.
TRANSPARENCY FRONT.
If the camera is fitted with a transparency front, all that is needed further is an inclined board on which white paper can be placed to reflect light through the negative, but if the cam¬ era has no such attachment, a separate box with adapters must be provided to take the different sizes of negatives. It need not be of very heavy
From etching by Gustave W. Baumann, Palette and Chisel Club, Chicago.
push pins. The copying frame should be of dimensions large enough to take the largest copies likely to be called for, and it should be made lighter than those used for printing. If the shelf is arranged at the right height, the placing of the copy in the center of the frame will center it in the camera at once. Have the backboard of a dull black, so as not to reflect light. Mark two diagonal lines on it in white, so that the inter¬ section of them will indicate the exact center of
construction, but it should be large enough to take the largest negative of which the camera is capable, and its center should correspond exactly with the center of the camera. The adapters should be of the style in which each size fits into the- rebate of the next largest, but care should be taken to hold them securely with good spring but¬ tons, as I have known instances when failure of the buttons has caused disaster. The inside of the box should be painted dull black to prevent
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Fiqubb S.
The Proceedings of the Federation of Trade Press Associations in the United States
Second Annual Convention and Banquet New Willard Hotel, October Tenth
Nineteen Hundred and Seven
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THE INLAND PRINTER
65
reflection and it should also have guides similar to those on the camera, so that it may be slidden along the trestle to and from the camera, in order to obtain any reduction or enlargement required. When exposures are being made, a black cloth should be placed over the camera and the trans¬ parency box, to prevent the entrance of light at the sides; it is also desirable that the camera should be provided with vignetting apparatus for both black and white effects.
DARKROOM FITTINGS.
As regards the darkroom, there is nothing of especial note, except that, as it is to be used for both wet and dry plate work, the chemicals must be kept carefully separated. It is a good plan to keep the respective sets on individual shelves in bottles of different colors, so that they may be sorted into their places without trouble. It is best to use a flat bath for the silver, as it can be more readily kept in condition. As there will not be a heavy drain on it, the small amount of solu¬ tion will not become surcharged with spirit. When the bath is not in use, keep it covered. The best kind of cover for this purpose is made by having a wooden frame somewhat deeper than the bath, so that when it rests on the bench the top edge will be some half inch above the top of the bath. Cover this with a double thickness of twilled calico lining which will keep out the dust and at the same time allow the spirit to pass away. Every night pass the solution through a filter into a stock bottle, and frequently sun it to throw down any matter which may be held in suspension. Do not use too strong a bath, as dense negatives are not called for, but keep it as free as possible from pinholes and specks. For the same reason, do not have the collodion too highly iodized. If the iodizer is supplied separately, put about two- thirds of it in the collodion. This will tend to pro¬ duce less dense work, while still retaining all detail; also, when making up the iron developer, do not put the full amount of acetic acid in it.
ETCHING AND WORKING ROOM FITTINGS.
The apparatus called for in the etching and working room requires careful selection. Have proper racks for negatives and transparencies in all places where they will be used when work in connection with them is being executed, and when they are done with, store them away, by number, so that they may be easily traced. For cutting up the tissue, use a sheet of process zinc and a steel ruler. A small leather-cutting knife is the best tool for cutting. Have pieces of plate-glass of different sizes on which to dry the tissue and keep the sensitizing solution in a wide-necked bottle;
1-5
the smaller pieces of tissue may be sensitized in a porcelain dish, but the larger sizes will need a zinc tray. This tray will also be used when laying down the printed tissue onto the copper.
For cutting up the copper a treadle squaring shear, such as is used by zinc etchers, is best, or a treadle saw bench may be used, fitted with saw suitable for cutting metal. It is also possible to do the work with a diamond-pointed chisel and hammer, having the sheet of copper on a flat bench with a good stop against which to rest the sheet while in operation. To cut copper by this method, a grooved cut is made across the sheet with the hammer and chisel. It may then be read¬ ily broken along the line of the groove. The shear, however, is best for this purpose and it does the subsequent trimming so well that it is a very good investment. (To be continued.)
ECLIPSE OF AN OLD FRIEND.
The Scottish Typographical Circular has ceased to exist, its place being taken by the Scottish Typographical Journal. For fifty years the Circular had an honored place in typographical journalism. The organ of and pub¬ lished by the Edinburgh branch of what we would call the Scottish union, its attitude has been reasonable and its tone dignified. This was especially true while it was under the editorial management of M. S. Williamson, a self-educated savant, who, orphaned, left school at the age of ten, yet is recognized in scholarly Edinburgh as a student in archeol¬ ogy, architectural history, historic decoration and art. A friend of technical education, he has lectured on art as applied to printing, holds the government art teacher’s certificate, and was at one time art teacher in a training college. For ten years — three of which as president — he served the cause of education through the Edinburgh Typo¬ graphy. In his desire for well-rounded development, he became a skilful amateur gardener, a good photographer, has a penchant for versification and has kept a close eye on the politics of his native land, being among the pioneers — if not the first person — to advocate the revision of the patent laws which are now causing so much concern. He has also been an advocate of amendments to the copyright laws, which are said to be within reasonable distance of adoption.
The Scottish Typographical Association wanted to have a paper all its own, and so the Circular was handed over to it. The new publication is called the Scottish Typo¬ graphical Journal and is as to form and matter much like the Circular. Assisted by an advisory committee, W. A. Buchner has editorial charge. His first issue contains a sketch of his predecessor, from which is gleaned the infor¬ mation given here. The wider field of the publication makes it more than ever a welcome visitor to expatriated Scots who are still interested and want to keep acquainted with the “ land of the leal.”
HELPS TO HOLD CUSTOMERS.
Bill-head designs in colors, and with tint-black effects, are features of “ Specimens of Bill-heads No. 2.” An attractive booklet with cover in two colors. Sent for a quarter by The Inland Printer Company.
THE INLAND PRINTER
iNAMELED paper is made by coating ' ordinary print-paper with a mix- 1 ture of clay and glue so as to fill the porous surface of the fabric and | give it a smooth, finished effect. The body-paper or raw stock comes to the coating mill before it is calen¬ dered in rolls of four, five, six or eight hundred pounds, numerous mills in this country confining their work to the process of coating the raw stock, which is purchased from various sources, while other manufacturers make their own paper and coat it themselves.
Enameled stock is used very largely for books and fine job-printing. Good impressions of half¬ tone engravings and photogravures can be made on this paper, as the surface permits the repro¬ duction of the most delicate lines. Indeed, the development of the different engraving processes is largely responsible for the degree of perfection to which the manufacture of enameled paper has been brought. So much attention has been given to the production of this paper that the process has been made simple and rapid. In the early days of the industry the clay solution was mixed without much regard to the kind or degree of fineness of the clay.
It was applied with a brush to one side of the raw stock, which was then dried, and the operation repeated on the other side of the paper, if desired.
Coated papers for printing fine wood- cuts or half-tone engravings were first used in the United States when the system of printing with hard- packed cylinders on the printing- press came into general use, and they have made possible a marked im¬ provement in the printing art.
The clay used for enameling varies a great deal in nature as well as degree of fineness to which it has been reduced. The variety now largely in use is pure white China clay, or kaolin, which comes from the vicinity of Cornwall, in England.
The room in which the clay solution is prepared contains an apparently disordered heap of pails, barrels, dippers, scales and other utensils. On account of the mixing and splashing of clay and hot water, the operatives are dressed in overalls and flannel shirts, the arms being bare to the shoulder. Pure spring water is used, and the consistency of the
mixture varies according to the weight of the stock and of the finished paper, the most expensive paper being that which is most heavily coated.
The rolls are conveyed on trucks from the paper-machine to the coating-room, where they are fed in a continuous web to the vat containing the clay mixture. The modern coating machine con¬ sists essentially of four parts, which are illustrated in the engraving herewith: The vat containing the enamel solution which is being filled from the barrel standing at the rear of the machine; the rollers which regulate the distribution of the coat¬ ing substance on the paper; the upper and lower sets of brushes, the upper one prominently shown in front of the vat keeping the coating even, and the automatic carrier which conveys the coated paper to the drying-room.
The operation of coating is very simple. The roll of paper is placed in front of the vat contain¬ ing the solution, and the end secured. The web passes through the mixture steadily by the aid of a wooden roller suspended in the vat, and by which the paper is immersed uniformly. After passing through the liquid, the web reaches two rollers arranged one above the other, by the united action of which all excess of the coating is removed and the proper quantity regulated. When it reaches
Mixing-room, where the enamel solution for coating paper is prepared.
the brushes, which are composed of three grades of fine hair, ranging from the finest to the coarsest, the lumps or any undissolved particles in the mix¬ ture are removed, and an even fineness prevails. When the web reaches the extreme end of the coat-
THE INLAND PRINTER
67
ing machine, it is taken up by automatic carriers consisting of numerous wooden bars supported on moving racks which are themselves supported on endless chains moving slowly forward on either
while two hundred and fifty pounds of cardboard stock will use about twenty gallons. If color is desired in the enamel, it is incorporated in the solution while being mixed.
Coating machine, where the paper is automatically covered with an coating of enamel solution.
side of the machine, just clearing the margin of the coated web. As the paper moves forward and is taken up by one of these bars, the fabric falls in long loops. These great festoons of paper follow upon the carriers at regular intervals, and pass down the avenues of the drying-room, which is kept at a temperature of 130° F.
The festoons are sufficiently far apart to prevent contact, and the enamel is therefore not marred. As the first big loop of paper reaches the end of the drying-room, the web is fastened to a roller and rewound.
If the paper is to be enameled on both sides, the roll must be carried back and the operation repeated.
Some grades of enameled paper re¬ quire what is termed a “ double coat,” in which both sides must be coated and recoated. This necessitates the paper passing through the enamel solution four times. A patented ma¬ chine has been in use which coats both sides of the paper at once, but the papermakers say that it has not been found suitable for the best grade of enamel work, and is used for the cheaper kind only. Five hundred pounds or twenty reams of book-paper will consume forty-five gallons of coating solution,
FINISHING COATED PAPER.
The best grade of coated paper, in which a very fine, smooth surface is wanted, is coated with a solution of clay, glue and resin, after which it is calendered by passing the web through alternate steel and paper rollers revolving at a high rate of speed, the beautiful polish character¬ istic of this kind of paper being effected by a nice adjustment of the rollers. The highest gloss is given by placing the rollers close together, thus increasing the pressure. It is a com¬ mon procedure to run the paper through the calenders three and four times for the purpose of obtaining the desired finish.
After the paper has been calen¬ dered it is cut into suitable sizes. The cutting machine is constructed so that three or even four rolls can pass through it at one time, and yet the sheets from each roll are conveyed to separate piles, and there is no danger of mixing the different grades of
ito the drying-room, after having been coated with enamel solution.
stock. The sheets are then inspected, and on account of blemishes twenty per cent of the product is allowed for waste. Packing for the market finishes the operation.
THE INLAND PRINTER
GLAZED PAPER. MARBLING PAPER.
This is commonly used for covering fine paper The origin of marbling paper has never been boxes, etc., and is one of the popular and useful known. It seems to be one of those arts which kinds of coated paper. The paper is coated as never had a real beginning. The marbled papers before described, the coloring matter — if any — being mixed in the clay bath, and for the purpose of securing a very high luster beeswax is added.
The glazing is accomplished by two distinct operations, known as f r i c t i o n-glazing and flint-glazing.
The former is effected by a friction¬ calendering machine having a roll of compressed cotton and one of chilled iron. The cotton roll revolves at a much lower speed than the metal one, and the friction which is produced imparts a very high gloss to the paper.
The flint-glazing process is much slower and more expensive. A flint stone is fitted into a groove in a burnishing machine, and travels back and forth across the sheet of paper which is fed into it, thus giving a very high and enduring finish, but this method has the disadvantage of leaving indistinct lines upon the surface of the of old Dutch patterns were imported into this paper, which are readily detected. country from Holland centuries ago. To avoid the
Paper for lithographic purposes is usually payment of heavy duty, many tricks were intro- coated on one side only, and the clay is prepared duced to defeat the customs. The sheets were used
to wrap around packages of toys, and in this way they passed in free. They were then ironed out smoothly, pressed under a weight, and sold to bookbinders at a high figure. These papers had a softness and brilliancy of color disclosing a degree of skill in their manufacture that was far supe¬ rior to our own at the present time.
The marbled paper commonly used by bookbinders is easily made. A gelatin or “ size ” bath is prepared, on the top of which are sprinkled the colors desired to be used on the paper. A sheet of paper is carefully laid on the fluid, and immediately removed. The colors will then be fixed on the paper, while the gelatinous fluid taken up by it runs off. A comb is then passed through the so-called “color- carpet,” and the waves of color will divide without blending. The more colors that are scattered into the size bath, the more striking the effect on the paper. The ma¬ nipulation of the large comb is the secret of the marbling art, and a deft workman can copy almost
especially for that purpose, otherwise the paper would be likely to stretch or shrink, and prevent accurate registering on the moist lithographic stone.
THE INLAND PRINTER
69
any pattern, and design original effects of much beauty. The designs most commonly used are known as the “fan,” “peacock feather” — used largely in business books — “cloud marble,” “ veined marble,” “ Turkish marble,” fine-comb designs and fine veined marble effects on a painted ground.
In making the “ fire ” or “cloud-marble ” effect on the edges of a book, the volume, without the cover, is first placed in a clamp and the edges are scraped and wiped off with water, then coated with paste, after which red and blue coloring mat¬ ter is applied with the finger so as to represent clouds, or the edges of the book may be dipped into a bath similar to that employed in the sheet- marbling process.
BRISTOL BOARD.
Among the most important lines in the paper industry is the manufacture of boards — card¬ board, pressboard, bookbinders’ board, etc. Bris¬ tol board is made of as many thicknesses of coated paper pasted together as the “ ply ” requires. These vary from two-ply to sixteen-ply. The rolls of paper ranging from the very narrow ones to those nearly forty-six inches wide, are adjusted to the pasting-machine. The paste is fed auto¬ matically from a large trough in the top of the pasting-machine down between rolls over which the paper passes. The paper reappears in the form of two-ply board, and is wound around a cylinder at the front of the paster. If four-ply board is wanted, the two two-ply rolls are again put in the machine and the performance repeated. The rolls are nicely adjusted, so that the correct amount of pressure is sustained for every thick¬ ness of board desired, up to eight-ply.
The rolls of board are now removed, thor¬ oughly dried, cut into sheets and taken to the plate¬ finishing machine, where they are put between zinc plates of the same size, and subjected to a pressure of forty to sixty tons. When quite dry the boards are finished as desired, some being glazed, after which they are inspected and packed in boxes of one hundred sheets each for shipment.
The board stock used for boxes, book-covers, etc., is made from sulphite-pulp of the coarse fiber. This pulp is mixed with coarse paper in the beat¬ ers, where it receives the regulation eight hours’ constant action that these machines afford. It is then passed through long conveyors where the fibers are shortened, and enters the paper-machine without being subjected to the bleaching, screen¬ ing, washing or refining processes. It is the coarsest stock made. It comes from the paper- machine in rolls in the same way as ordinary paper, but it passes over thirty-three steam rolls
in order to dry out the thick stock. The two-faced boards which are made up into boxes commonly used for the packing of merchandise are made by pasting two thicknesses of board together, one of which has been colored while in the beater. This board is so dirty, thick and coarse that binders and printers do not cut it with an ordinary paper¬ cutting machine when it can be avoided, but use instead a special rotary cutter or bench shears for the purpose.
(To be continued.)
HUNTING JOBS IN ENGLAND.
With the efforts of the unemployed journeyman to obtain an outlet for his skill we can have nothing but sym¬ pathy. It is a dreary job, calling at place after place to receive with wearisome and disheartening reiteration the same negative answer, “No assistance required”; worsened by the feeling of doubt as to the accuracy of the information dispensed by a more or less amiable time¬ keeper. Occasionally, however, he dodges the janitor, and, after climbing to the top or descending to the bottom of the house, receives a more or less civil reply to his question, “ Is any assistance required? ” In the effort to break away from the hackneyed phrase and common sort of applica¬ tion some rather amusing episodes at times are presented. A little while ago a card was left, on the front of which was printed in the position of the name on a visiting card the words in Old English type “ I. Wanta Job,” and on the back the real name, address, etc., of the distributor. Another gentleman, in his desire to avoid the commonplace, put his head round the corner of the overseer’s door and blurted forth in stentorian tones, “ Do I stand an earthly? ” He didn’t. A persistent applicant by letter-card always used the same peremptory formula, “ Be good enough to inform me when you will have a vacancy.” Perhaps the most novel application recently received was the following, names, etc., being, of course, suppressed : “ Dear Sir, —
If, through an accession of work, or any unforeseen circum¬ stance, you want aid in . . . department, kindly mail
me a p.c. to that effect, as I am unemployed, after a nearly four years’ engagement at ... I am an aggressive Christian worker, and, unfortunately, live, intense Chris¬ tians are at a discount in this materialistic age, the inevit¬ able result being that I (as forecasted by the Founder of the Faith) found myself in opposition to quite a number of God-forgetters and tepid Christians, and my downfall was assured. Still, I am trusting in the ‘ Providence that shapes our ends, rough-hew them as we may,’ and hitherto I have found Him faithful.” — Circular of Printers’ Man¬ agers’ and Overseers’ Association.
HOW TO TELL A GOOD JOB WHEN YOU SEE IT.
What is meant by a good job or a poor one? There is but one sure standard and that is whether or not it con¬ forms to the fundamental principles of design and color harmony. These principles are definitely set forth, with numerous illustrative examples, in “ Design and Color in Printing,” by F. J. Trezise, instructor in the Inland Printer Technical School and the I. T. U. Course in Printing. A book of eighty-eight pages, reprinted from The Inland Printer, and bound in heavy paper cover. Price, $1. For sale by The Inland Printer Company.
70
THE INLAND PRINTER
Written for The Inland Printer.
THE RELAXATION HABIT.
BY ZENO W. PUTNAM.
ROST men have some hobby, whether conscious of it or not. There is one that all men ought to have, that many do not — the relaxation habit.
The man who shuts his business doors behind him and forgets his office when he closes the safe may not have quite so many of to-mor¬ row’s problems figured out in the course of the time he is supposed to be resting as the one who takes his ledgers and accounts to bed with him. He will be a better citizen, however, and will do his duty better in the home — will know more of the life that means something. The chances are, too, he will be ahead, in the end, in the matter of money-making.
Not many men can stand the strain of per¬ petual motion, in mind or body, indefinitely, and, to those who try, there quickly comes a time of complete collapse, or else the habit of dilly-dally¬ ing, so fatal to both rest and work, will creep into the recreation and the working hours. The most consistently strenuous worker in his vocation is usually the man who has some avocation into which he pours his whole life after work is done, who puts the most whole-hearted vim into his domestic life, his recreation, his rest.
The man who never relaxes enough to really enter into the spirit of his own home life ought not to have a home, and in reality he usually has a mighty poor imitation of one. Home requires a giving up of self, in part, in its creation, and he has no time for that. His wife and children, there¬ fore, must fester in an unhealthy atmosphere of restraint or else seek the companionship that is their right among other people who have time to be alive.
There is little to be gained in straining every nerve to the breaking-down point in the one con¬ stant rush for business. Sooner or later there will come a stopping point. Occasionally a crisis, a rush of orders, a shortage of help, demands it for a little time. It is the man who has such perfect control over himself that he can assume or lay aside his business garments at will who is best equipped to turn his concentrated energy upon such a crisis.
The business man should no more think of going into the bosom of his family laden with the taints of business worry than of going to the dinner table with his hands smeared with cheap poster ink, or reeking with the fumes of gasoline. It isn’t fair to his family, who are entitled to a healthier atmosphere. It isn’t fair to himself, who
is entitled to the respect and comradeship of his children. What young person, what person of any age, for that matter, if alive, cares to converse with a man whose attention is still lingering between the pages of his ledger and whose feeble efforts at conversation leak out of the odd corners of his heart too close for even the fumes of print¬ er’s ink to penetrate ?
A business man may have the language of the pressroom or the copy-writer’s desk by heart; if he has not taken time to learn the language of the heart, of life, he has not lived. If he is not able to forget the troubles of the composing-room during the few hours set aside for rest he has not rested. If he finds no time to give his undivided attention to his wife and children he has not done his duty as a husband and father.
Let us forget the pressroom for a while each day, and lose every memory of its scents and noises. After all, there are other successes besides business triumphs which must be encompassed before success in life has been attained. Brush up again, as you once had to, Mr. Business Man, when you went to court that “ dearest girl on earth ” ; sing with her, talk with her, take her to the theater, and give her a chance to show her daugh¬ ters that she knows enough about the manage¬ ment of lovers to give them advice regarding theirs. It will increase her influence over them. Let the boys see that the “ old man ” is not too old to live and love and be a man with the most up-to- date of them. Don’t let. them get the idea that you are a back number, out of harmony with youth and life ; if they have that idea already, take it out of them and increase their respect for your opin¬ ion, your advice, accordingly.
If you really are a back number, if long disuse of the social functions has incapacitated you for cutting away from the slavery of business worry, take on some avocation that will require your whole attention, until you break the old chains. Get a motor boat that will take you to the bottom if you forget to attend to it; an auto that will ditch you in an instant if you let your thoughts go wool-gathering over distant ledger accounts or poster combinations; a horse that would as soon break your neck as not if you do not pay atten¬ tion. It will pay you in the end. You will get new pleasures out of life and put new vigor into your business, and you will come back to the office at the opening of each new business day actually rested, and prepared to grapple like an athlete with every difficulty which may spring up.
NOT A CHIP.
“ That boy of mine is just like his dad.”
“Yes — he’s a claw of the old lobster.” — Cleveland Leader.
THE INLAND PRINTER
71
Written for Thb Inland Printer.
THE TARIFF AND THE TRADE.
BY WILLIAM FORSYTHE.
this writing it is impossible to form any idea of how the tariff bill will read when it goes to President Taft for his signature. The Payne measure has to run the gauntlet in the House, after which it will go to the Senate, which, it is conceded, will emasculate any act sent it by the popular House. As the Senate usually has its way in such matters, the Payne Bill is not of much importance, except as it indicates that the party managers are opposed to any very violent changes in the schedules. The synopsis of the changes sent out from Washington does not show that the printing-trade memorialists made much impres¬ sion on Mr. Payne’s committee, the exception being the lithographers and the newspaper pub¬ lishers acting in cooperation with the unions. The items in which the graphic arts people are more or less interested, as reported out of committee, are as follows :
Article
Proposed
Tariff.
Lithographic prints . 6c a fb.
Cardboard . 25c a fb.
Lithographic cigar labels . 30c a lb.
Plain paper envelopes.. . . 30 % ad val.
Wood-pulp . free
Print-paper (value 2%c lb) . . . .Hoc a lb. Print-paper (value 2%c lb) . . . .%oc a lb.
Varnishes . 25 % ad val.
Spirit varnish . . . 25 % ad val.
Lead, dross bullion, base bullion. 15 % ad val.
Zinc sheets . lHca lb.
Linotypes and typesetting ma¬ chines . 30% ad val.
Printing-presses . 30 % ad val.
Dextrin . l%calb.
Threads, not finer than five lea (%c instead of %c advance with each lea over five) ..... .10c a lb.
Woolen rags, flocks . 6c a lb.
8c a lb.
20c a lb.
20c a lb.
20 % ad val. % to l%6c lb. %oc a lb.
%oc a lb.
35 % ad val. $1.32 gal. and 35 % ad val. retained 2c a lb.
45 % ad val. 45 % ad val. 2c a lb.
13c a lb. 10c a lb.
Of these the wood-pulp and print-paper items will attract the most attention. The publishers will be keen to prevent any serious amendment to the committee’s report. That body practically accepted the findings of Mr. Mann’s select com¬ mittee that investigated the papermaking industry last year. The American Paper and Pulp Asso¬ ciation prepared a reply to that report and issued it shortly before the schedules were made public. From the protectionist standpoint this document is a strong one. It claims that there is no evidence that a majority of the publishers favor a removal of the duty from paper and pulp. If they did they would have told the committee so when it asked
the question; that “all the publishers who have been conspicuous in suggesting and urging this legislation are owners of Democratic papers, whose principles and beliefs coincide with their desires in this matter.” The manufacturers are repre¬ sented as being “aghast at the danger of ruin which confronts them.” They also feel that the proposed change in the tariff is handing over the industry to the Canadians, who want it, and are encouraged, by governmental action and other¬ wise, to look on American news-print papermak¬ ing with covetous eyes. The manufacturers agree with Mr. Mann’s committee in one thing — “that it is extremely desirable to secure some part of our supply of pulp-wood from Canada.” But they wholly disagree with the committee’s method of insuring that supply. The papermakers say they “ do not believe Canadians generally would adopt the extreme measure against us of prohibiting the export of pulp-wood.” But should Canada do so, the manufacturers are in favor of retaliation, and ask “ why in equity should we not forbid her from getting from us raw cotton or coal on which her manufacturers so largely depend? Why should we open our market to her paper when she has a duty substantially equal to our own against our paper? This naive suggestion that Uncle Sam place a boycott on one of his best customers to benefit the papermen is preceded by a caustic com¬ ment on the demands of the publishers. If their demands are crystallized into law it will show “the press is a privileged class, which is to be encouraged at the sacrifice of any and all inter¬ ests.” They believe, however, the press would repudiate being placed in that light.
GOTHAM’S PRICE FOR SUCCESS TOO HIGH.
In a lecture before the students of Cornell College at Ithaca, New York, recently, Casper Whitney, formerly editor of Outing and a well-known writer, advised young men and women to keep away from New York. Among other things, Mr. Whitney said, in part :
“ New York is decidedly a good place to keep away from. I do not know why so, but there is not the same good fellowship there among literary men, artists, singers or business men as is seen in the great cities of Europe. There is, rather, the most intense jealousy, and this is due perhaps to the fierce competition there. In New York, if anywhere on the globe, Mammon has his worshipers, and there money counts more than it ought. A large percen¬ tage of those in the struggle for supremacy lose out and are unheard of. The few who reach the top too often allow the laurels of success to weigh heavily on their brows and their heads become turned. I have noticed that effect on some splendid college men who went to the metropolis good fellows, only to be completely spoiled by the recognition they finally received. Success is what ambitious men strive after, I admit, but it ought not to be purchased at the price of healthy sentiment and tenderness of heart.” — Editor and Publisher.
72
THE INLAND PRINTER
Written for The Inland Printer.-
HALF-TONE INTAGLIO AND RELIEF EFFECT PLATES FROM TYPE FORMS.
BY JOHN L. GRABE.
HE pursuit after startling effects in printed matter has considerably abated in recent years and the tendency is toward those of a simpler and more dignified character, but an unusual piece of printing, bearing the stamp of real artistic merit, can not but attract and hold the attention of any one familiar with modern printing methods. More especially is this true when the work before one shows on its face the process by which the final result has been attained.
Probably in no class of printing is greater effort expended in the search after striking and artistic designs than those for booklet and catalogue covers. Selection can be made from hundreds of different style cover-papers, to say nothing of the suggestions offered by engraving houses.
A booklet recently came into the hands of the writer which suggested an idea which may be of value to many readers of The Inland Printer. The cover of this book¬ let was a. half-tone reproduction of a design burnt in leather. Printed in brown ink upon buff paper, the work was striking and unusual. The design, while highly artis¬ tic, and, no doubt, costly, could be duplicated by a good printer with type, rule and ornaments. By simply taking a heavy impression upon leatherette of a color considerably lighter than the ink used, your copy is ready for the half¬ tone engraver. A heavy impression is necessary to give the sunken appearance to the work, and the effect can be heightened by smutting the job judiciously and producing a scorched appearance. Of course, the engraving should be large enough to run off the trimmed work, and — if a booklet catalogue — should appear on back and front of cover.
Another artistic design, appropriate for various classes of work, is the half-tone representation of the architectural sculptors’ or clay modelers’ art. The recent popularity of these designs in nearly every line of printing is too well known to be dilated upon. A close observer must have noticed, however, that in few cases has the lettering in these productions in any way approached foundry type in beauty of design, in most cases a neatly composed type-page being far more artistic and attractive than the printed impression of it.
There are two ways of making “ relief copy ” for the half-tone engraver from type-forms. The first and sim¬ plest of these is to make a very deep counter, as for embossing, on a job press. By dampening a sheet of heavy bond paper and feeding it to the job in hand a very good relief copy can be made, though in reverse form. This, however, rather enhances the value of the copy to the engraver, as it obviates the necessity of “ stripping ” the negative after printing, which, interpreted for the benefit of the uninitated, means to remove the developed film from the glass-plate and turn it over, in order that the printing- plate will come out in reverse.
The other, and more desirable method — although requiring more time and labor — consists of making a matrix in plaster of Paris of the type-form. Electrotype bearers are required for this method and ’should be a half inch higher than the type in the form. The form is locked in the chase and the prepared plaster poured over the form to the height of bearers. After the plaster sets, or becomes hard, the quoins are released slightly and the plaster matrix lifted carefully off. The matrix is then placed face upward
and the face shaved or scraped off until it presents a smooth surface and even depth with respect to the type. The entire surface is now treated to a thin coat of shellac, and when this is dry, the matrix (face upward) is surrounded by wooden furniture after the manner used in foundry forms.
This furniture should be at least eight ems wide and laid on its side, so that the final or engraver’s copy be of a good thickness. The furniture can be secured in place with twine, after the manner of tying up type-pages. Plaster is now poured into the matrix, and, after hardening, the casts can be readily separated, as the shellac prevents adhesion.
The relief cast, after being secured to a wooden base by cleats tacked at the sides and top and bottom, is now ready for the engraver — unless it is to be colored — which is advisable, as the best results are obtained from terra-cotta colored casts. It should be borne in mind that large, heavy¬ faced type and ornaments produce the best plates, and the less reading matter used the better.
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JManual jf first Presbyterian Cfjurcf) Eopefea, Kansas 1008 |
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An attractive cover-page arrangement, by H. M. Ives & Sons, Topeka, Kansas.
NEW IDEAS IN CARDS AND TICKETS.
The discriminating printer in search of ideas will find just what he desires in the third booklet of business card and ticket examples. A variety — forty-five designs — printed in one and two colors on embossed panels. Send 25 cents to The Inland Printer Company for “ Cards and Tickets No. 3.”
“RIGHT TO THE SPOT”
Reproduced from Original Painting by Four-Color Process
Color Plates and Printing by ThelH. W. Weisbrodt Company Cincinnati
THE INLAND PRINTER
73
CORRESPONDENCE
SUGGESTION FOR TYPEFOUNDERS.
To the Editor: Pittsburg, Pa., March 6, 1909.
For twenty-four years I have been wondering why some things are permitted in the printing business, and now must speak out. I would like very much to know why some typefoundries do not make the nicks on type be of some use? They could be utilized to save much eye-strain for the printer. They could be made practical and very helpful to the printer in helping him to readily distinguish similar characters, such as cap I’s, l’s and figure 1’s. If the typefounder would realize the necessity and advantage such an arrangement would be to the printer he would readily do this. These little helps would often save time and expense in the printing-office, and enable us to avoid many vexatious errors and the marring of our work by the use of a wrong character or a wrong-font character. These nicks could be so arranged that it would not be neces¬ sary to resort to our magnifying glass to determine the difference. Utility and a regard for that nicety of things (which is valued too little in most cases) should prompt the typefounder in affording the printer this assistance.
_ G. W. A.
THE END OF THE PRINTERS’ PRICE MOVEMENT IN NEW YORK.
To the Editor: New York, N. Y., March 10, 1909.
Since several weeks I intended to give you a truthful account of the outcome of the great New York printers’ movement toward the betterment of prices. But I could not make up my mind how I should treat the methods by which the Committee of Fifteen proposed to discharge its functions for the common good. Now, I decided on a can¬ did review of their scheme, and then again, I laid their proposition aside, deeming them beyond the sphere of intel¬ ligent criticism. Now, their project appeared to me like a theme for a poem in satirical vein; then again, I was in doubt whether my perspective faculty was unsound, or that of the Select Fifteen was sorely possessed by some uncon¬ trollable force. So I said nothing about what seemed to be a preconcerted attempt to galvanize the forgotten Board of Trade. An initiation fee of $300 ; annual dues from $60 up, according to a member’s pay-roll, which would make mine $600; complete surrender of the liberty to contract for more than $50 worth of printed matter; the exercise of this most sacred of a business man’s functions by a bureau of hired accountants; the legislative and administrative power to be wielded by seventy-five per cent of the general meetings; the judicial power, strong enough to pronounce the economic death penalty, to be held by the full member¬ ship. But, be it understood, this body is to vote according to the individual member’s dues. Hence, I would have ten votes while my neighbor could put in only one. And such a body was to be prosecutor, judge and jury, all in one,
over a poor printer caught in the act of exercising his nat¬ ural right of putting in his own figures when pressed to do so by need or circumstances.
By this time, however, the clouds have passed away that darkened my mind when I heard the unheard-of propo¬ sition which made me doubt of myself and my craft. So, I can again handle the pen, and shall do so until death takes it from my hand. Because there is hope for our trade, the fifteen draftsmen of this wanton scheme for the abolition of the printer’s poverty called a meeting of their con¬ stituency on January 25. About one hundred and fifty printers appeared, but most of them disappeared before the reading of the report was finished. Then the trade was invited to sign the roll of membership, but up to February 15 only about twelve names were obtained. So, it seems that the rank and file of the printing trade will rather bear the woes of their inherited competitive business system than strip themselves of the privilege of making contracts. The fraternity of which I am proud to be a member will sooner put its trust in the individual’s common sense than place its fate into the hands of a few large printers and a bureau of irresponsible accountants appointed by them. Thank God, with men willing to withstand the temptations of trustism, the printing trade is not yet lost!
When the Old Witch of Printerdom screeched against the hurly-burly of competition, where “ fair is foul and foul is fair,” then the young siren, sitting on the rock of labor, grew jealous and intoned a monotonous recitative on this perplexing theme to allure the printermen into her parlor on Fifth avenue. In plain words, the success of the Typothetag in bringing about a real mass-meeting of print¬ ers was the signal for the League to try and outdo her older sister. Quite reasonably, it was hoped that the younger one would draw more admirers than the elder, with scars and crows’ feet in her face. One thousand print¬ ers were invited, but only about sixty responded on Febru¬ ary 5. These curious people apparently thought that the League would, perhaps, present something new and origi¬ nal in the way of trade organization. But no, they found a commonplace exhortation club, appealing in all keys to the printermen, then and there to make a vow, with one mighty pull, exactly at 8:30 A.M., on February 10, to raise all prices of printed matter. This solemn engagement to adopt a new course of life at the given moment was supposed to do the whole trick; provided, however, that a five-line agate advertisement in the dailies was previously published in order to inform the “ buyers of printing ” of what was going to happen on that day. Thereafter, a celebrated cost-system was to be installed, which would act as an automatic regulator of every discrepancy between the printers’ ins and outs. Should any customer grumble, then stiffen your back, draw up your eyebrows, and pronounce with a sonorous voice: “Cost system! ” and at once he will smile sardonically.
Although a member, I did not go to the League price¬ raising meeting. Partly because it is against my nature to follow any bellwether, especially when he tries to jump from out of the frying-pan into the fire. But mostly so, because my League friends had thrown me into one of those awful distractions common to persons who do their own thinking. They published the dictum : “ Every sane
printer is interested ” in these propositions. Feeling myself wholly disinterested in cost systems and exhortation clubs, I felt as if I were one of the insane printers. So, I remained at home, fearing that unconsciously I might cre¬ ate a disturbance in the League of the sane.
However, speaking from the exhorter’s point of view, the affair went wrong without me. The League’s coquetry
74
THE INLAND PRINTER
with the Board of Trade at the meeting of February 5, was answered by a universal headshake of the whole craft. Of course, thereupon the schemers poured a flood of anathe¬ mas over the heads of the stay-at-home printers. In truth, the entire craft was publicly denounced as “ the worst bunch of business men in the United States.” Strange, I always thought that printers must be exceedingly fine economists, as they know how to make both ends meet under very bad trade conditions and still preserve the highest standard of their art.
Even in the regular February meeting of the League, the executive committee officially laid the bans of this club on the heads of the stay-at-home members. Pronouncing his strongest words of censure, Chairman Maune’s Napoleon III. visage rested on me. The glowing spark from his veiled eyes ignited my soul, and I jumped up to defend the thousand stay-at-home printers before the bar of the ten omnipresents. But silence and coldness reigned and, alas, I fell again into one of my unhappy distractions, which made me feel like a fool among wise men. So I cut short my speech. The secretary was then instructed to ignore my remarks, and for this reason I ask you, dear editor, to print what I desired to say in favor of those good men who will not follow the capers of some well-meaning enthusi¬ asts who have nothing but ifs under their feet.
Let me use the pronoun we, because I feel myself as one with those colleagues who plod and work day and night while an army of suave salesmen invades their territory and disturbs their peace with their patrons — all in the name of business liberty. At times we have been exhorted by societies of leading printers to let them or their boards of trade do the contract-making of our business for us. However, we do not want to strip ourselves of the privilege of American business men to judge and speak and act for ourselves. Because we deem our business a vocation in the old religious sense: an honorable and God-given office to perform during time of our life certain duties for society, under obligation toward our fellow-beings, our craft, and ourselves. We know full well that some printers in every community forget, or even trample upon, the obligations under which they are permitted to work for their own inter¬ est. Our good country has granted freedom of contract to all men, so that all might have equal chances to develop their talents. However, some printers can not bear this absolute liberty. They abuse it, and by dint of immoral competition they drag the whole craft into the mire and make our days heavy with cares and our nights restless with fears.
The way to stop the few who knowingly transgress the moral and customary limits of competition is not to deprive the whole business community of their ennobling function of making contracts as faithful as they know how. God and organized society do not condemn mankind because some are criminals and unfit to be free among free men. The Creator has delegated to men the power to stop trans¬ gressors. Why have all generations of older nations than ours set their foot upon monopolies? Why has our own people solemnly declared that trustism shall not have its way? It is because trustism makes business men forget their obligations toward God and society and degrades craftsmen to the rank of contemptible graftsmen. What, then, shall be said of the persistent efforts of some promi¬ nent printers to build a trust of the whole craft without the cement which Rockefeller and other fellows dig out of the nether regions for their monopolies? Why, the trust or board of trade without power to fix the prices for the whole combination is but a schoolboy’s caricature on a silicate slate.
The proper way to stop immoral competition in the printing trade is to declare the law where a man’s liberty should begin and end. “ Take heed lest by any means this liberty of yours becomes a stumbling block to them that are weak.” (1 Cor. viii, 9.) Our people, too long optimis¬ tically confiding in each other, are beginning to learn that our business liberty is turning into business licentiousness. Presidents Roosevelt and Taft gave expression of this widespread sentiment, which at present moves even some cold hearts under judicial black gowns.
Let the whole craft — not only those of the front rank, but all who earn their living in its pursuit — declare the forgotten duties of the printermen, high and low, toward themselves, their craft, and society. We feel sure that the rank and file will know how to enforce this, their self- imposed law of liberty. And, also, that society will approve such common action as will elevate each member of this useful vocation. But, “ Let all things be done decently and in order” (1 Cor. xiv, 40), as is right for a people that knows neither lords nor aristocrats, and holds that economic rank or wealth have no preference over the weakest mem¬ bers doing their duty as good as they know and can.
For this the thousands of stay-at-home printers are ripe, and they patiently wait for the fulfilment of their hopes. But, mind ye, there is no printer so naive that he could not distinguish the Typothetse or League buncombe in vogue from sober and honest speech.
The harvest is ripe — where are the laborers? So asks day by day Old Nick.
REVIVAL OF THE BAXTERTYPE.
To the Editor: London, March 15, 1909.
The letter by Robert E. LeBlond in the February Inland Printer, following the article by Charles E. Dawson, makes interesting reading about an old-time process, a process